Term
| Lymphoid hyperplasia (reactive) |
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Definition
no treatment > follow up, will resolve itself
large lmyphoid tissues in head and neck
1. waldeyer's rings
2. oral cavity lymphoid aggregates
3. other lymph nodes in neck
Histology: lymphocytes with germinal center, tnagile body macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
common cervical nodes affected - atneriro cervical chain
> intrapartoid and buccal mucosa
two subtypes
A. acutely inflamed nodes: large, movable,tender, soft
b.Chronic node: enalrge, rubbery, non-tender
> diff dx: lymphoma
> HIV infection - >chronic lymph nodes |
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Term
| Waldeyer's ring reactive hyperplasia lymphoid aggregates |
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Definition
tonsils asymmetric enlargement size varies
20 years old
large> touch midline > block airway |
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Term
| Hyperplasia of oral lymphoid aggregates |
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Definition
most common: posterior lateral tongue (foliate papillitis)
> bilateral symmetrical, not ulcerated
> can look like carcinoma cuz location
other site: floor of mouth ,soft palate
[image]
[image] |
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Term
| Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia) |
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Definition
factor 8 deficiency, X-linked recessive and abnormal PTT
males> affected, females are carriers
Variable expression: you can have this disease and 25% normal factor 8 still function normally. (<25% deadly)
often infected with HIV in the past: blood transfusion without filtration, gets AIDS
[image] |
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Term
| Hemophilia B (Chirstmas disease) |
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Definition
| factor 9 deficiency, x-linked recessive, abnormal PTT |
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Term
| von willerbrand's disease |
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Definition
abnormal von-willebrand factors (lack), hence abnormal paltelets
most common of all blood inherited disease
no plasma glycoprotein> no adherence of platelets
no transport of factor * (von willebrand transport factor)
most common is mild, rare is signficiant |
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Term
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Definition
lossof blood by
1. bleeding
2. no hemoglobin
3. lack of Fe metabolism
megaloblastic anemia (lack of b12, foliate, macrocytic anemia)
hemolytic anemia
disorder hemoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
RBC sickel shaped hooking > false clot (thrombus) > gets stuck to blodo vessels = infarction
avoid lwo O2 tension: exercsise, high elevatio, pain
caused by: Beta globin chain having Glutamine switched with valine at 6th position.
less soluble when oxygenated than regular HbA
severity: depends on expressivitity
homozygous SC: severe (african american)
heterozygous: 50% hemoglobin affected is mild and common
Clinical : widened marrow psace/radicular seen on radiograph (hyperplastic marrow as compensatio for lack of good RBC)
[image] |
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Term
| what's good about sickle cell blood? |
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Definition
| you're resistant to malaria [image][image] |
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Term
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Definition
reduction of alpha globin/beta globin of hemoglobin
> reduced hemoglboin amount, ltos of globin chains in RBC
>Atypical RBC > spleen filtration (concentrate in spleen to be filerted) > splenomegaly causing
pt will have hypochromic microcytic anemia
also resistant to malaria
from incest, medieterarnea, african, indian, se asian |
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Term
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Definition
two genes expressing
a. 1 defective gene: minor >no clnical manifestoation
b. 2 defective tgenes: major thalassemia (Cooly's anemia)
- Fragile RBC... mcirocytic, hypochrmoci anemia, with hematopoiesis increased, widened marrow space (compensate, similar appearance to sickle cells)
maxilla and mandible enlargement and hair on end skull radiographically
BIRTH DEEATH[image] |
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Term
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Definition
4 genes all for alpha globin > more spectrum of disease
1 gene no dz
2 genes alpha thalassemia trait (carrier)
3 genes HbH disease (hemolytic anemia/splemomegaly)
4 genes affected hydrops fetalis (fe hours after birth death)
tx: do not mutliple transfuse... will die |
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Term
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Definition
lack of PMNs... below 1500/Mm3 (250-700 range)
cause: malignant bone marrow via virals or drug iducing
> high infection
> suppuration and abscess however is absent
> oral lesions/ulcers> attached gingiva> white, and necrotic
> ulcerated at tip of interdental papilla and tip of tongue [image][image] |
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Term
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Definition
rare, idopathic, healing comprosied in window
WIndow of disease is 3-6 days, have to diagnose at the right time to get cyclic neutropenia
PMN level decreases for 3-6 days then icnerase back to normal amount.
young peopel disease (childhood) > anorexia, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, malaise, pahryngitis, oral ulcers... perio bone loss
tips of interdnetal papilla is necrotic/white, and ventral tongue pink circle
[image][image] |
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Term
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Definition
granulocytic cells are absent
mostly drug caused... bacterial second
oral: necrotize, punched out ulcerations/gingivitis, full thickness of gingiva gone
[image] |
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Term
| what is the difference between neutropenia and agraulocytosis? |
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Definition
neutropenia: see necrosis at tip of interdental papilla
agranulocytosis: loss of granulocytes, see punched out ulcerations of gingiva (full thickness) |
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Term
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Definition
lack of platelets from
a. loss of production
b. destrcution
c. spleen filtration
d. die prematurely cells (normal 180 days)
> udner 100K/mm3 count to be symptomatic
petechiae, ecchymosis, hematoma formation
> cough, oral sex, osft palate dmage
> maorrow decreased
can involve with monomucleosis (kissing disease)
> soft/hard palate asthmatous
marrow consuming clot factor> gingival bleed |
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Term
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Definition
rare, idiopathic hematologic
lots of RBC 2-3x rate
60 years old
blood high viscous, thrombus likely
itchy red skins, marrow active...
can develop to acute leukemia an clot formation
tx: donate blood [image][image] |
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Term
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Definition
malignancy of bone marrow stem cells that gets into circulation
can be acute, chronic, or myeloid, or lymphocytic
> acute is very aggressive, chornic is indolent
histo: lots of leukocytes
[image]
CLinical: gingival red,ooze fromc rest/junction
> petechial hemorrhages, oral ulcer, fungal ifnection, herpes infection ,gingival enlargement.
Prognosis: dpeends on age, tyep and treament
there are 4 types [image] |
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Term
| the four types of leukemia |
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Definition
Acute lymphocytic leukemia: most common form of childhood leukemia
acute myelogenous leukemia: most common tyype with oral involvement, 2nd most common in childhood, and most common form of adult leukemia
chronic lymphocytic leukemia - one of the most common form of adult leukemia
chornic lmyelogneous leukemia
most common childhood: ALL
second most common childhood: AML
most common oral manifestation :AML
most common adults :AML and CLL[image] [image][image] |
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Term
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Definition
malignancy of lymph nodes > see a lot of reed-sternberg cells > similar to giant macrophage cells
swollen neck from cervical supraclavicular nodes
mostly male, 15-35 years, and after 50, afrrican american (bipedal age affected)
4 subtypes ( cellularity/histology dependent)
prognosis: depends on stage
nodular sclerosis - most common form
mixed cellularity
lymphocyte dominant
lymocyte depleted - least common [image]
lots of giant cells [image] [image] |
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Term
| what are the 4 stages of hodgkin's disease? |
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Definition
stage 1: single lymph node
stage 2: 2 or more lymph nodes in the same side of diaphragm, locally extralymphatic
stage 3: lymph nodes on both sides of diagphram, spleen affected
stage 4: diffusive extralymphatic disease (affecting liver, bone marrow ,lung ,skin)
worst is stage 4
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
lymphoreticular malignancies of T and B cells
swollen lymph nodes, MUCH more aggressive than hodgkin's
MOST common form of lymphoma is non-hodgkin's.
head and neck region affected
two types:
B cell lymphoma: most commonly associated non-hodgkin's lymphoma
T cell lymphoma
adult only, espeically immnologic disorder> HIV/AIDS patients
also see bialteral cergivcal lymph node swells[image] |
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Term
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Definition
soft tissue and bone affected, extranodal disease, non tender, swelling diffusion.
Head and neck: buccal vestibule, gingiva, and posterior hard palate
bone: vague pain, discomfort, jagged RL... similar to periapical RL
histo :lots of infiltration uniform neoplastic lymphocytes
radiograph similar to periapical RL[image]
[image] [image] [image][image][image][image][image] [image] |
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Term
| oral lymphoma when under radiograph looks like... (aka differential dx based on radiograph) |
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Definition
periapical radiolucency
difference? teeth of oral lymphoma is vital |
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Term
| Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) |
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Definition
malignancy of T lymocytes seen in skin via epidermotropism
middle age 55-60
slow progressive and aggressive
3 stages:
eczematous: very similar to psoriasis
plaque: microscopic features
tumor: diffuse infiltration dermis, atypical T lymphocytes[image]
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
aggressive B cell lymphoma
african children in maxilla (unilateral)
associated with epstein-barr virus
histo: starry sky, dense infiltration of B cells
osteorx: perforate lymphoma lesions
radiograph: eaten jaw, swelling, teeth displaced
Burkitt's americans' form tend to be seen in abdominal
African seen in jaw. [image][image][image] [image] |
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Term
| Extranodal NK/T Cell lymphoma, nasal type midline lethal granuloma |
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Definition
aggresive destruction of midline... adult patients
T/NK cell lymphoma
6 months to live, prognosis poor
hard palate, max sinus affected/communicate with one another
painful... necrosis
histo: inflammatory cell loop aroudn blood vessels (angiocentric)
[image] |
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Term
| there are 4 differential dx of hard palate/infiltration lesions that cross midline |
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Definition
1. deep fungal infection mucomicosis
2. Nk/T Cell lymphoma
3. cocaine user that's using it aggressively
4. Wegener's granulomatosis |
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Term
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Definition
plasma cell malignancy
most common primary tumor of bone
old patient, 70 years, black and male
jaws= fracture
radiograpH multiple punched out RL of jaw and skulls
histo: bence-jones proteins! > amyloides possible> affect kidneys
B cell lots of them
Bone marrow leaky> damaged wbc> multipel myeloma cells via M proteins
tx: alkaline, chemotherapy |
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Term
| the process of multiple myeloma working is |
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Definition
monoclonal antiobdy/immunoglobulin production...
bsically one alpha or kappa globin chain on the immunoglobulin only. normal Ab has both chains.
thicker blood...
see low blodo count, hyeprcalcemia via urination, restless, confusion, thirst, nausea, imparied kidney: becne jones protein amyloidosis and ca in blood
[image]
[image] |
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