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| Economic system based on private ownership of businesses and the investment of wealth into business ventures in order to make a profit |
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| The harsh colonial labor system that forced Native Americans to work as farmers, ranchers, or miners for Spanish landlords |
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| Used to "buy one's way into heaven," a pardon that released a sinner from performing a penalty imposed for sinning. |
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| Term that describes the wave of new business and trade practices in Europe that resulted from the establishment of colonial empires and overseas trade |
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| Cartographer after which the American continents were named. |
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| Meeting of Catholic religious leaders during the mid-1500s that was initiated by Pope Paul III. |
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| The transatlantic trading network through which slaves, manufactured goods, and raw goods are exchanged. |
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| The principle of trying to export more goods than you import; used as a means to make nation's self-sufficient and not dependent on other nation's for goods. |
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| Powerful ruling family of Florence; served as patrons of the arts. |
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| Religious settlement of 1555 that allows German princes to determine the religion for their state |
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| Explorer that reaches the port of Calicut, which establishes a direct sea route between Portugal and India. |
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| Idea of focusing on human potential and achievement. |
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| Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec empire in the 1500s. |
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| Business venture in which investors pool their resources to fund the endeavor; decreased the risk of investment in businesses |
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| Act passed by the British Reformation Parliament that made the English king, not the Pope, the official head of England's Church. |
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| The initial transfer of plants, animals, diseases and food between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. |
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| Prince Henry the Navigator |
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| Portugese ruler that sponsors numerous trips. |
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| Church courts set up to try suspected heretics - tried people accused of being Protestants, practicing witchcraft, or breaking church laws. |
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| The portion of the transatlantic trading network that specifically refers to the journey of captured Africans to North and South America. |
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| The term describing a man that is knowledgeable about or skilled in many different areas. |
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| Spanish conquistador who conquer the Inca empire in 1500s. |
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| Country's power measured in its wealth (gold and silver) colonies used to support this and a favorable balance of trade |
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| Catholic Order that concentrated on forming schools throughout Europe, converting non-Christians to Catholicism, and stopping the spread of Protestantism |
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| Technological innovation invented by Gutenberg in the mid-1400s that makes book printing more efficient |
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| Motivation for Exploration = 3 G's - gold (wealth), __________ (fame/prestige), and god (spread Christianity) |
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| Conflict between the British and French that lasts from 1754 to 1763; was a battle for territorial and colonial supremacy in both Europe and the New World; France kicked out of New World. |
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| Between Spain and Portugal - Line of Demarcation drawn by pope - split New World - east of line Portugal - west Spain (France and England later ignore) |
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| Refers to the idea that society was turning away from the Church and becoming more worldly and concerned with possessions |
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| Came to new world to escape religious persecution - started Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies |
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| Lands controlled by another nation |
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