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ONL Final Exam
Final Exam for ONLINE class
410
Computer Science
Undergraduate 1
12/10/2018
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Term
10. _______ and ________ support several different file systems, including XFS, JFS, ReiserFS, ext3, and others.
 Definition
UNIX and Linux (Page 356)
Term
10. __________ is the process of reducing a file or folder’s size.
 Definition
File compression (Page 361)
Term
10. ___________ is a file used in case a collision occurs during a hashing algorithm.
 Definition
Overflow Area (368)
Term
10. ___________ is a unique value used in hashing algorithms and identifying records.
 Definition
Hash Key. (366)
Term
10. _____________ occurs when files clusters are scattered in different locations on the storage medium instead of being in contiguous locations.
 Definition
Disk fragmentation
Term
10. A cluster is an area of the hard drive that contains groups of the smallest units that can be accessed on a disk.
 Definition
True p356
Term
10. A computer system’s worth is often measure in terms of what?
 Definition
What’s stored on its hard drive(s) Pg. 369
Term
10. A fragmented hard drive means that pieces of the actual disk start to fall off apart.
 Definition
False p359
Term
10. An NTFS management system is just as fast as a FAT management system.
 Definition
False p360
Term
10. Area in a file that’s used in case a collision occurs during the hashing algorithm.
 Definition
overflow area (368)
Term
10. FAT and NTFS are examples of what?
 Definition
File Management Systems
Term
10. FAT stands for what?
 Definition
File Allocation Table (page 356)
Term
10. FAT uses Master File Table (MFT).
 Definition
False
Term
10. FAT was introduced with what OS?
 Definition
MS-DOS Pg. 356
Term
10. Fill in the Blank? Hashing algorithms use a unique value called ________.
 Definition
Hash Key (Page 366)
Term
10. Fill-in A hard disk is a _______ device meaning you can read data from or write data to anywhere on the disk.
 Definition
Random access (355)
Term
10. Hash key is a unique value used in hashing algorithms and identical records.
 Definition
True p366
Term
10. How does hashing work?
 Definition
Uses an algorithm and a hash key for each value used (pg. 367)
Term
10. How is a sequential file accessed?
 Definition
From the beginning (page 364)
Term
10. In what year did Apple introduce its first OS. Apple DOS?
 Definition
1978 Pg. 354
Term
10. Is a file system a part of the OS?
 Definition
Yes (p.353)
Term
10. Is a hard disk a random access device?
 Definition
Yes (p.355)
Term
10. Name the main disadvantage to using FAT instead of NTFS.
 Definition
FAT slows down the overall performance as more files are stored on the drive. (Page 358)
Term
10. Reading and writing data in order from the beginning is known as what?
 Definition
Sequential access (p.355)
Term
10. Reading data from or writing data to anywhere on a disk is what kind of access?
 Definition
Random 355
Term
10. Responsible for creating, manipulating, renaming, and copying files.
 Definition
File System (page 353)
Term
10. T or F, NTFS has a maximum file size of 4GB.
 Definition
False, FAT (page 362)1
Term
10. The file system that Sun Microsystems developed was developed to what?
 Definition
Support network access and file sharing (page 363)
Term
10. The unique value used in hashing algorithms and identifying records.
 Definition
Hash key (page 366)
Term
10. True or False? A file contains binary or text data.
 Definition
True (page 363)
Term
10. True or False? A file system is of the OS responsible for creating, copying, manipulating, renaming, and moving files about to or from any storage device.
 Definition
True (Page 353)
Term
10. True or False? A file system moves and copies files to the storage devices?
 Definition
True (page 353)
Term
10. True or False? A Master File Table (MFT) is a table used in NTFS to store data about every file and directory on the volume.
 Definition
True (page 360)
Term
10. True or false? EFS stands for Effective File Storage
 Definition
false(page 361)
Term
10. True or False? FAT is a reference to the size of a drive.
 Definition
False (page 356)
Term
10. True or False? FAT means your computer has too much information on the hard drive.
 Definition
False (Page 357)
Term
10. True or False? FAT stands for “File Assignment Trajectory”.
 Definition
False. (356)
Term
10. True or False? Fat stands for fraction align table?
 Definition
False (page 356)
Term
10. True or False? FAT was introduced along with MS-DOS.
 Definition
True. (page 356)
Term
10. True or False? File compression means a file has viruses removed.
 Definition
False. (page 361)
Term
10. True or False? Hard drives had no fragmentation problems using FAT.
 Definition
False. (page 359)
Term
10. True or False? It is acceptable for collisions to happen when hashing.
 Definition
False (Page 368)
Term
10. True or False? NTFS and NFS are the same term just different acronyms?
 Definition
False (page 360 - 363)
Term
10. True or False? Random access and sequential access are the same thing.
 Definition
False (Page 355)
Term
10. What are collisions?
 Definition
Hashing algorithms that generate the same relative key for more than one original key value (368)
Term
10. What is a cluster?
 Definition
The area of a hard drive containing a group of the smallest units that can be accessed on a disk (page 356)
Term
10. What is a hash key?
 Definition
A unique value used in hashing algorithms and identifying records, page 366
Term
10. What is a way to have a file take up less disk space?
 Definition
File Compression, page 361
Term
10. What is an EFS?
 Definition
An encrypting file system, which converts data in a file and encrypts it using an algorithm and key value(pg. 361)
Term
10. What is an NTFS?
 Definition
A New Technology File System, created in Windows NT and incorporated into all Windows Operating Systems since (pg. 356)
Term
10. What is an overflow area?
 Definition
An area in a file that’s used in case a collision happens in a hashing algorithm (pg. 367)
Term
10. What is the goal of hashing?
 Definition
The goal of hashing is to create an algorithm that allows converting a key field. (page 367)
Term
10. What is the main advantage of FAT?
 Definition
Its efficient use of disk space Pg. 359
Term
10. What is the main advantage of NTFS?
 Definition
It makes file access fast and reliable (page 360)
Term
10. What is the main disadvantage of FAT?
 Definition
It is easily fragmented and performance degrades (page 359)
Term
10. what is the main disadvantage to FAT?
 Definition
Overall performance slows down as more files are stored.(page 359)
Term
10. What type of access is most like an old cassette tape?
 Definition
Sequential access (page 355)
Term
10. When do collisions happen?
 Definition
When the hashing algorithm generates the same relative key for more than 1 original key value (page 368)
Term
10. When hashing how is collision error handled?
 Definition
The duplicate records are moved to the overflow area and differentiated there (pp 366-68)
Term
10. Where can you find deleted files in windows?
 Definition
Recycle Bin, page 359
Term
10.True or false? FAT is prone to disk fragmentation
 Definition
true(page 370)
Term
10.What is a File System?
 Definition
The part of the OS responsible for creating, manipulating,
Term
10.what is the User environment?
 Definition
Where users perform their tasks
Term
11. What is the design criteria for creating a user interface?
 Definition
Quality of experience, understanding of users, effective design process, learnability, aesthetic experience, changeability, manageability (pages 385-386)
Term
11. ________ can recognize human speech and process instructions.
 Definition
Voice-recognition technology (380)
Term
11. ________ uses user’s eye movements as input.
 Definition
Gaze system (380)
Term
11. A measure of how well the technology helps users perform their tasks; often expressed as how quickly, how easily, how safely, and so forth.
 Definition
effectiveness (396)
Term
11. Define user tasks.
 Definition
What users do and how they do it (page 395)
Term
11. Designing by focusing on users’ needs before considering other constraints of the system is called ________-_______ _________.
 Definition
User-Centric Design. (394)
Term
11. Fill in the Blank? Design is _ before building anything and can save time in the construction _______.
 Definition
Essential, Process (Page 394)
Term
11. Fill in the Blank? User Interface is the developing _________ which deals with the interactions between technology and user.
 Definition
Component (Page 379)
Term
11. How emotions and potentially aesthetics play a role in decision making.
 Definition
affect system (397)
Term
11. How many items can be stored in your short- term memory?
 Definition
5-9 items, page 384
Term
11. How many phases of user-centric design are there? 4, page 394
 Definition
Term
11. Is it important to provide meaningful, helpful navigation paths?
 Definition
Yes in the guidelines for user control(page 387)
Term
11. It is easier to retrieve information from long-term memory than from short-term memory.
 Definition
False
Term
11. Long term memory can store a potentially ______ amount
 Definition
limitless(page 384)
Term
11. One of the process in user-centric design is “Test the user interface”.
 Definition
True p394
Term
11. Restarting your computer every time after installing new software, even when it is not needed is an example of what?
 Definition
Superstitious behavior
Term
11. Superstitious behavior is caused by users having _______ information.
 Definition
Incomplete 383
Term
11. T or F, Designers should rely on short term memory.
 Definition
False (page 387)
Term
11. T or F: Designers program software with the UI in mind.
 Definition
False Pg. 377
Term
11. T or F: People’s capabilities, experiences, opinions, needs, expectations, and worldviews are included in the way they expect certain technologies to interact with them.
 Definition
True Pg. 382
Term
11. Technologies that allow users to feel a response from a system goes by what name?
 Definition
haptics 381
Term
11. Testing the user interface is the last step in user-centric design.
 Definition
True
Term
11. The study of emotions in decisions about using technology, part of what’s called the _______ _______ of decision making, has its origins in an early 1990s study.
 Definition
affect system (Page 397)
Term
11. The user interface development process depends on the _______ an organization is willing to spend on it.
 Definition
Resources. (400)
Term
11. Thinking about how something works.
 Definition
behavioral thinking (399)
Term
11. True or false: At the current rate of evolving technology, we will likely soon see the perfect user interface.
 Definition
False 382
Term
11. True or False? Behavioral thinking doesn’t drive human behavior.
 Definition
False. (page 399)
Term
11. True or False? Design criteria are a type of good designs?
 Definition
True (page 385)
Term
11. True or False? Design criteria is not necessary for a quality user interface?
 Definition
False (Page 385)
Term
11. True or False? Design is often a secondary concern, but should be the first
 Definition
True (page 377)
Term
11. True or False? Designers need to be aware of the limits concerning short-term memory.
 Definition
True (Page 384)
Term
11. True or False? Humans have sensory storage, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
 Definition
True (p.383)
Term
11. True or False? Humans have sensory storage?
 Definition
True (page 383)
Term
11. True or False? Interface devices are limited to devices you can see or touch.
 Definition
False (page 379)
Term
11. True or False? It is easy to access long term memory.
 Definition
False. (page 384)
Term
11. True or False? Long term memory is where limited storage is stored?
 Definition
False (page 384)
Term
11. True or False? On a 1600 X 1200 display you have 1600 X 1200 pixels available for an application.
 Definition
False (page 390)
Term
11. True or False? One common haptics system is the fly-by-wire controls on airplanes.
 Definition
True (page 381)
Term
11. True or False? Prototyping has become a specialized skill.
 Definition
True (Page 396)
Term
11. True or False? Quality of the experience, an understanding of users, an effective design process, learnability, an aesthetic experience, changeability, and manageability are all criteria of a quality user-interface?
 Definition
True. (385-386)
Term
11. True or False? Registering other domain names for your site, such as names with alternative spellings, abbreviations, or common misspellings, is a good idea.
 Definition
True (page 391)
Term
11. True or False? Servers handle retrieving the Web pages you want, but they are displayed on your screen by Web browsers.
 Definition
True (page 389)
Term
11. True or False? The appearance or attractiveness do not affect the ease of use.
 Definition
False (page 398)
Term
11. True or False? The three levels of design are Visceral, Behavioral, and Reflective.
 Definition
True (Page 398)
Term
11. True or False? Usefulness is a measure of how much a user enjoys their experience with the technology.
 Definition
False. Attitude. (page 396)
Term
11. True or False? User tasks is what the user wants and needs to do.
 Definition
False (page395)
Term
11. True or False? Well-designed software should act like a good teacher, creating a working relationship with ease of entry for the student.
 Definition
True (p.386)
Term
11. True/False Human psychology is an important factor in human-computer interface design.
 Definition
True (383)
Term
11. Users with incomplete information on how to use a technology create an incorrect an incorrect model of the way a technology works. This is an example of _________ ________.
 Definition
Superstitious Behavior. (383)
Term
11. Users with incomplete information on how to use a technology create an incorrect model of the way a technology works.
 Definition
superstitious behavior (383)
Term
11. Visceral thinking is a snap judgement about an object.
 Definition
True p398
Term
11. What are the design criterias for quality user interfaces?
 Definition
Quality of experience, understanding of users, effective design process, learnability, aesthetic experience, changeability, and manageability(pg. 386)
Term
11. What are the main phases of user-centric design?
 Definition
Gather and analyze user information, design the user interface, construct the user interface, and test the user interface (page 394)
Term
11. What does Phase one in designing quality user interfaces consist of?
 Definition
User profiles, user tasks, user requirements, and user environments(pg. 395)
Term
11. What is a multimodal interface? List examples.
 Definition
Different ways to interact with a computer. Voice input, gaze, motion. (pp 379-81)
Term
11. what is a user-centric design?
 Definition
Focusing on the users’ needs before considering other constraints(page 394)
Term
11. What is attitude?
 Definition
A measure of how much users enjoy their experience with the technology (page 396)
Term
11. What is learnability?
 Definition
A measure of how quickly users can learn to use the technology to perform their tasks. (page 396)
Term
11. What is meant by “user eccentric design?”
 Definition
Designing by focusing on the users’ needs first (page 394)
Term
11. What is short-term memory?
 Definition
Where information is sent after the sensory system receives it. (page 384)
Term
11. What is the purpose of sensory storage?
 Definition
It works as a buffer to store all the sensory information coming in (383)
Term
11. What is the study of emotions in decisions about technology?
 Definition
The affect system (397)
Term
11. What is visceral thinking?
 Definition
Immediate, instinctive thinking (page 398)
Term
11. What storage works as a buffer to store all the sensory information coming in?
 Definition
Sensory Storage (page 383)
Term
11.What does Haptics Technology do?
 Definition
It provides a physical output. Example: Vibration(page381)
Term
12. What is a breakpoint?
 Definition
A stop command inserted to prevent the program from executing past that point, page 417
Term
12. What is the process of finding and fixing problems in program code?
 Definition
Debugging (p.413)
Term
12. ______ _______ are the moist difficult to debug and might require rewriting the code completely.
 Definition
Architecture Bugs. (411)
Term
12. ________ program development has another development: Giving you a baseline for debugging.
 Definition
Interactive Pg. 418
Term
12. A general approach to solving bugs is commonly known as the “15 I’s”.
 Definition
False p413
Term
12. Debugging in the process of finding and fixing problems in program code.
 Definition
True p413
Term
12. Fill in the Blank? Inductive reasoning is also known as ___________________.
 Definition
Scientific Method (Page 412)
Term
12. How do you go about solving software bugs?
 Definition
You use the “Thirteen I’s” for debugging (413)
Term
12. I will ________ before I assume.
 Definition
Look (416)
Term
12. In debugging, which is usually the easiest bug to find and fix?
 Definition
Coding bugs
Term
12. Is having a program fail a bad thing?
 Definition
No, it is actually a good thing as it allows the program to become stronger and be less likely to fail in the future (415)
Term
12. Observe, theorize, test and repeat are the basic steps of what problem solving method?
 Definition
Inductive reasoning or Scientific Method
Term
12. Often you have many ____ and even _____ hiding behind other _____.
 Definition
bugs bugs bugs (Page 417)
Term
12. T or F, building up a theory with the idea of tearing it down is heuristics.
 Definition
False, Strawman (page 412)
Term
12. T or F: Architecture bugs are the easiest problems to find and fix.
 Definition
False They are the hardest Pg. 411
Term
12. T/F You should leave all changes as you go through fixing a program, even if they didn’t help.
 Definition
False, page 418
Term
12. The “straw man argument” is one of many types of problem-solving approaches.
 Definition
True p412
Term
12. True or False? You’re not responsible for solving problems in code you write.
 Definition
False (Page 414)
Term
12. True or False? “I will accept that there is no solution” is one of the Thirteen I’s.
 Definition
False. (page 413)
Term
12. True or False? Complexity is a program that has many interrelated items?
 Definition
True (page 412)
Term
12. True or False? For the Scientific Method, don’t expect to get things right on the first try.
 Definition
True (Page 412)
Term
12. True or False? If something fails once, it will probably fail again.
 Definition
True (Page 415)
Term
12. True or false? If you find a bug it’s probably caused by someone else
 Definition
false(page 414)
Term
12. True or false? If you fixed the problem you don’t need to check if it’s actually fixed
 Definition
false(page 422)
Term
12. True or False? It is recommended to print “the 13 I’s” because, Even experts can use a reminding…”.
 Definition
True (page 425)
Term
12. True or False? Making your program fail is an important part of the debugging process?
 Definition
Yes(page 415)
Term
12. True or False? Minor changes never cause any problems with software.
 Definition
False (page 419)
Term
12. True or False? Reliance on intuition is often why programmers say that debugging is an art.
 Definition
True (410)
Term
12. True or False? The 13 I’s are really only useful for beginner programmers. More experienced programmers don’t use them after a certain point.
 Definition
False, even experts can use re-minding once in a while. (425)
Term
12. True or False? The scientific method consists of four steps: observe, theorize, test, and repeat.
 Definition
True. (page 412)
Term
12. True or False? The tenth rule referring to the fuel level is talking about the amount of energy that is available?
 Definition
False (page 421)
Term
12. True or False? The thirteenth I is “I will check to see if this was just Luck”.
 Definition
False (page 413, 422-423)
Term
12. True or False? When isolating changes, a “go big or go home” approach is best.
 Definition
False (Page 418)
Term
12. True or False? When you ask someone else to look at your problem, provide as many details as possible.
 Definition
True (p.422)
Term
12. True or False? You should look for the hardest to find bugs first.
 Definition
False. (page 417)
Term
12. True/False Stop point is a stop command inserted to prevent the program from executing past that point.
 Definition
False (417)
Term
12. What are the 4 basic steps for inductive reasoning or scientific method?
 Definition
observe, theorize, test, and repeat (p.412)
Term
12. What does KISS stand for?
 Definition
“Keep it simple stupid”(page 417)
Term
12. What is the benefit to the 13 I’s?
 Definition
Helps in debugging and thinking through the issue to find the source of the problem then enables a fix (pp 412-13)
Term
12. What is the importance of step 9?
 Definition
Helps to track what changes you make to help find the origination of the bug (pp 419-21)
Term
12. What phrase is used to describe the difficulty of seeing what’s happening in a program?
 Definition
“The fog of war” 411
Term
12. What rule do engineers try to follow as best as they can?
 Definition
KISS (page 417)
Term
12. What type of reasoning is the scientific method?
 Definition
Inductive (page 412)
Term
12. What’s one reason for having more than one version of a program?
 Definition
Testability and back-up
Term
12. What’s the difference between coding bugs, and logic bugs?
 Definition
Coding bugs are caused by coding things wrong or not understanding the language, and logic bugs is the program’s inability to conduct an algorithm on a specific set of sequences(pg. 411)
Term
12. Which kind of bug is identified as a program working on one system, but not another?
 Definition
Compatibility 411
Term
12. Which problem-solving approach builds upon a theory of the problem with the idea that it will likely be knocked down?
 Definition
Straw man argument
Term
12. Why is step 11 good?
 Definition
It helps to have the help of someone else’s ideas and knowledge (pp 421-22)
Term
12. Why step 7?
 Definition
Break down the parts to see what part specifically is not working (pp 416-18)
Term
12.If your emotions get in the way, what should you do?
 Definition
Take a deep breath, remain calm, and devise a strategy(page410)
Term
12.What are the types of bugs?
 Definition
Coding, Logic, Bad data, Compatability, and Architecture(page411)
Term
12.what’s the most common error in code?
 Definition
Syntax
Term
13. ____ enables Software developers to create diagrams that show the program’s overall functionality.
 Definition
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Term
13. _______ someone or something that needs the program to perform a function or meet a need and determines the program’s required functionality.
 Definition
End User (434)
Term
13. _________ is the fear that if you include end users in the design process, the application will be a failure.
 Definition
Userphobia (Page 452)
Term
13. ___________ a standard or typical example that gives end users a good idea of what they will see when their application is completed.
 Definition
Prototype
Term
13. ____________ is a description of the program logic written in human language.
 Definition
Pseudocode (Page 448)
Term
13. A “Prototype” is an example of what an application might look like when complete.
 Definition
True p435
Term
13. A combination of symbols and text that provides a visual description of a process is known as?
 Definition
Flowchart (page 446)
Term
13. A design document can also be described as a set of what, for software engineers?
 Definition
Blueprints Pg. 436
Term
13. A document describing the type of data being used in the program, showing table definitions, indexes, and other data relationships.
 Definition
data dictionary (443)
Term
13. A document that details all the design issues for an application is known as a _________________.
 Definition
Design document (p.436)
Term
13. A flowchart is not a required step in software design.
 Definition
True p446
Term
13. Create a _______ ________ before you begin writing source code.
 Definition
logical flow (Page 446)
Term
13. Define design document?
 Definition
A document that details all the design issues for an application. (page 436)
Term
13. Describe the waterfall model (top to bottom).
 Definition
Requirements analysis, system design, program design, write source code, testing, installation, maintenance (pg 436)
Term
13. Don’t write any ______ ______ until the project specifications are approved.
 Definition
Source Code. (449)
Term
13. Fill in the Blank? An application can be developed by one or more _________________.
 Definition
Developers (Page 438)
Term
13. Fill in the Blank? Software engineering is the _______ of producing software applications.
 Definition
Process (Page 434)
Term
13. List 3 models of software development processes.
 Definition
Waterfall, build and fix/evolutionary, rapid prototyping, incremental spiral, agile (pg 435)
Term
13. List 3 of the elements of a SDLC.
 Definition
Project feasibility, software specifications, software design and implementation, software validation, software evolution (pp 434-35)
Term
13. One of the elements of software development life cycle is “Project feasibility”.
 Definition
True p434
Term
13. Person responsible for making sure the program functions correctly and meets all the functional requirements specified in the design document.
 Definition
tester (455)
Term
13. Pseudo code is a visual representation of how a software will behave.
 Definition
False
Term
13. SDLC stands for ______________.
 Definition
Software development life cycle (SDLC) (434)
Term
13. T or F, waterfall is the fundamental process in creating the program are represented in phases.
 Definition
True (page 435)
Term
13. T or F: Software is cheap to produce and easy to modify.
 Definition
False Pg. 439
Term
13. T or F: The terms “software”, “program”, and “application” are often used interchangeably.
 Definition
True Pg. 434
Term
13. The first step in the Waterfall model is program design.
 Definition
False
Term
13. True or False. Gold plating is when software engineers add unnecessary features the end user didn’t ask for.
 Definition
True. (page 453)
Term
13. True or False? .A design document has seven steps.
 Definition
True (Page 437)
Term
13. True or False? “Scope Creep” is a process for determining the completion date of a project.
 Definition
False. The project is in constant improvement mode. The project never gets completed. (page 452)
Term
13. True or False? A prototype is a great place to incorporate the customer so you can make the end result look the way they want.
 Definition
True (page 449)
Term
13. True or False? An end user is the driving force behind software development.
 Definition
True (p.434)
Term
13. True or False? As long as you understand the program’s main functionality, there’s no reason to bother the end user with a bunch of questions.
 Definition
False (Page 449)
Term
13. True or False? Creating a data dictionary isn’t necessary even if you don’t already have a database in place.
 Definition
False. (page 443)
Term
13. True or False? During the life of a program, you continue to maintain, fix, and improve it. This cycle is known, as the “Software Development Life Cycle” or SDLC for short.
 Definition
True. (434)
Term
13. True or False? End users are not important to software development.
 Definition
False. (page 434)
Term
13. True or False? Scope creep occurs when new changes are added to a project constantly?
 Definition
True (page 452)
Term
13. True or False? Scrum methodology includes a “Sprint”.
 Definition
True (page 435)
Term
13. True or False? Software Engineering is the process of producing software applications?
 Definition
True (page 434)
Term
13. True or False? Software is cheap to produce and easy to modify.
 Definition
False (page 439)
Term
13. True or False? The Data Dictionary is a database of the information you want to utilize in the program.
 Definition
True (page 443)
Term
13. True or False? The design document serves as a blueprint?
 Definition
Yes(page 437)
Term
13. True or False? The user should never participate in designing the reports. That is a programmers job.
 Definition
False, Let the user help you design the reports. (445)
Term
13. True or False? UML is a “Universal Media Language” and has a set layout to keep things organized.
 Definition
False (page 438)
Term
13. True or False? What does DBA stand for?
 Definition
Database Administrator (page 443)
Term
13. True or False? You should keep a log of errors encountered during testing and after the apps release?
 Definition
True(page 456)
Term
13. True/False Flowchart is a combination of symbols and text that provides a visual description of a process.
 Definition
True (446)
Term
13. What are the seven phases of the waterfall model?
 Definition
Requirements analysis, system design, program design, writing source code, testing, installation, and maintenance(pg. 436)
Term
13. What are the steps of the software development cycle?
 Definition
Project feasibility, software specifications, software design and implementation, software validation, and software evolution(pg. 434-435)
Term
13. What are two well-known agile methods?
 Definition
Scrum and extreme programming (page 435)
Term
13. What is a project manager?
 Definition
Leader of the software development team; responsible for choosing the right players for the right positions and making sure the project is on schedule. (page 453)
Term
13. What is Software Validation?
 Definition
Checking the application to ensure that it meets the software specifications. (p.435)
Term
13. What is the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
 Definition
A model that describes the life of the application, including all stages involved in developing, testing, installing, & maintaining a program.
Term
13. What is the waterfall model?
 Definition
An SDLC that involves sequential application development with processes organized into phases(pg. 435)
Term
14. ________ are rules for how a programming language’s statements must be constructed.
 Definition
Syntax (475)
Term
14. _________ is a readable description of an algorithm written in human language.
 Definition
Pseudocode (479)
Term
14. _________ is the order in which something is executed.
 Definition
Precedence (491)
Term
14. __________ was first used in business applications and continues to be popular in business.
 Definition
COBOL Pg. 469
Term
14. A collection of statements or steps that solves a problem and needs to be converted into a language the computer understands to perform tasks.
 Definition
program (458)
Term
14. A programming language that uses binary code for instructions is known as a ___________.
 Definition
Low-level-language (p.473)
Term
14. Assembly statements are read in what direction?
 Definition
Right to left Pg. 475
Term
14. Define encapsulation?
 Definition
The process of hiding an objects operation from other objects (page 501)
Term
14. Fill in the Blank? Identifier is another _____ for a variable.
 Definition
Name (Page 486)
Term
14. Fill in the Blank? Rules for how a programming language’s __________ must be constructed.
 Definition
Statements (Page 475)
Term
14. High-level language is a more natural language for Human reading and understanding.
 Definition
True p473
Term
14. IDE is short for integrated development environment.
 Definition
Ture p478
Term
14. In programming, what do you call a name used to identify a certain location and value in the computer’s memory?
 Definition
Variable
Term
14. Language that uses binary code for instructions is known as a what?
 Definition
Low-Level Language (page 472)
Term
14. Machine language uses only _________ numbers.
 Definition
binary (Page 474)
Term
14. Make sure you write your pseudocode and test the algorithm before you begin writing the ________ code.
 Definition
source (Page 483)
Term
14. T or F: You can only use lowercase letters when programming and coding.
 Definition
False Pg. 475
Term
14. The lowest-level programming language, which consists of binary bit patterns is known as ________________.
 Definition
Machine language (p.473)
Term
14. The programming language “Java” is only used for complex industrial applications.
 Definition
False p469
Term
14. True or False? A compiler is a program that assists in writing code for future programs.
 Definition
False. (page 468)
Term
14. True or False? A logically ordered set of statements is called an algorithm?
 Definition
True (page 468)
Term
14. True or False? An application that converts each program statement is called compiler?
 Definition
False (page 468)
Term
14. True or False? An IDE incorporates all the tools needed to write, compile and distribute programs.
 Definition
True (Page 478)
Term
14. True or False? An IDE makes programmers lives easier by providing useful tools.
 Definition
True. (page 478)
Term
14. True or False? COBOL was first used in business applications.
 Definition
True (page 469)
Term
14. True or False? Division symbols have the highest precedence of the operators?
 Definition
False(page 491)
Term
14. True or False? High level languages are more closely related to human language
 Definition
True (page 473)
Term
14. True or False? High-level language is a programming language that uses binary code for instructions.
 Definition
False (page 473)
Term
14. True or False? Interpreter’s and compiler’s function the same way so they are interchangeable terms.
 Definition
False (page 468)
Term
14. True or False? Low-level languages are easier to understand and learn than high-level languages.
 Definition
False (Page 477)
Term
14. True or False? Machine Language is a high-level language.
 Definition
False. Low-level language. (page 473)
Term
14. True or False? Machine language is the lowest level language.
 Definition
True. (page 473)
Term
14. True or False? Pascal is the best programming language overall.
 Definition
False. (page 469)
Term
14. True or False? Perl is a programming language.
 Definition
True (page 469)
Term
14. True or False? Sequence control structure is where you repeat steps over and over
 Definition
False (page 493-494)
Term
14. True or False? Syntax is a set of rules for how the programming languages statements must be constructed.
 Definition
True. (Page 475)
Term
14. True or False? When choosing a program language, one should never choose a language simply because someone else say’s its good.
 Definition
True (page 502)
Term
14. True/False A low-level language gives instructions to a CPU or piece of hardware in binary.
 Definition
True (473)
Term
14. What action does the CMP instruction perform?
 Definition
The CMP instruction tells the assembler to compare two values.
Term
14. What are some of the parts that are used in building a program?
 Definition
Variables, operators, control structures, methods, objects (pp 485)
Term
14. What is a compiler?
 Definition
It reads all the programs statements and converts them into computer language (468)
Term
14. What is a program that reads assembly-language code and converts it into machine language?
 Definition
Assembler (page 473)
Term
14. What is a variable?
 Definition
A name used to identify a certain location in the computer’s memory(page 485)
Term
14. What is an application that reads programing statements and converts them into computer language to then produce and executable file that doesn’t need an interpreter?
 Definition
Compiler, page 468
Term
14. What is control structure?
 Definition
An instruction that dictates the order in which statements in a program are executed (page 492)
Term
14. What is OOP?
 Definition
Object oriented programming, which involves representing items, things, and people as objects instead of basing program logic on actions(pg. 495)
Term
14. What is precedence?
 Definition
The order in which something is executed(pg. 491)
Term
14. What is the name of a variable referred to as?
 Definition
Identifier 486
Term
14. What programming language is named after Lord Byron’s daughter?
 Definition
Ada (page 469)
Term
14. When choosing a name for a variable, you should make sure the word is not being used by an ________ in the program.
 Definition
Instruction. (486)
Term
14. Who was considered the first programmer?
 Definition
Ada Byron. (Page 468)
Term
14._______ _______ is the lowest-level programming language, which consists of binary bit patterns.
 Definition
Machine Language. (473)
Term
14.True or False. A variable is something that’s actually stored in the computer’s memory?
 Definition
True
Term
15, What kind of notation involves adding a letter at the beginning of a variable name to indicate its data type?
 Definition
Hungarian 518
Term
15. What do you call the process of combining or joining strings into one value?
 Definition
Concatenation
Term
15. ________ is a keyword with a specific instructional meaning; the name can’t be used for a variable because the programming language is already using it as a function.
 Definition
Reserved word (513)
Term
15. _________ putting one control structure inside another.
 Definition
Nesting (537)
Term
15. A ________ statement allows you to test an expression’s value and jump to some location in the _________ statement.
 Definition
Switch Pg. 538
Term
15. A block of code that performs a task and can return a value is called a _______.
 Definition
Function. (520)
Term
15. A Boolean data type is used for 8 values.
 Definition
False p516
Term
15. A keyword with a specific instructional meaning; the name can’t be used for a variable because the programming language is already using it as an instruction.
 Definition
reserved word (513)
Term
15. An endless loop is a block of source code that never stops.
 Definition
True p549
Term
15. Assigning a value to a variable is called_______
 Definition
Variable initialization (page 518)
Term
15. C for char, f for float, and I for int are examples of?
 Definition
Hungarian Notation (page 518)
Term
15. Fill in the Blank? The insertion point is _____ the cursor is placed.
 Definition
Where (Page 525)
Term
15. Fill in the Blank? The repetition control structure is sometimes called ________.
 Definition
Looping (Page 543)
Term
15. For and While are used to create what that repeat ?
 Definition
Loops (page 543-552)
Term
15. If and Else statements are used when the result needs to make a decision.
 Definition
True p533
Term
15. If you want more than one character, such as a student’s name, you need the ______ data type.
 Definition
String (517)
Term
15. In high level programming languages, name the 4 types of control structures?
 Definition
Top down, invocation, selection, and repetition. (page 543)
Term
15. Int, short, long, and byte are example of what data type?
 Definition
Integer (page 514)
Term
15. It is important to leave _________ lines and spaces to help make your source code more readable.
 Definition
Blank Pg. 519
Term
15. List three variable types
 Definition
int, short, long, byte, float/double, String, char, Boolean (pp 513-17)
Term
15. T or F, Character data types have two options, 1 or 0 (binary).
 Definition
False, Boolean (page 516)
Term
15. The main advantages of Java are: Its familiar syntax, its portability, it is powerful and ______.
 Definition
It’s popular Pg. 512
Term
15. Top-down refers to a structure where the statements are executed in sequential order.
 Definition
True
Term
15. True or False? A precondition loop checks the expression before any source code in the loop is executed.
 Definition
True (Page 548)
Term
15. True or False? A precondition loop executes at least one time before the expression is evaluated.
 Definition
False. Postcondition loop (page 550)
Term
15. True or False? A received value assigned to a variable is called a parameter?
 Definition
True (page 521)
Term
15. True or False? A statement that associates an identifier with a variable is called declaration?
 Definition
True (page 513)
Term
15. True or False? Blank lines and spaces do not help make source code more readable.
 Definition
False (page 519)
Term
15. True or false? Code unto others as you would have them code unto you
 Definition
true(page 553)
Term
15. True or False? Do while and while statements always function the same number of times
 Definition
False (page 548-550)
Term
15. True or False? Floating-point data types are used for positive and negative numbers that can also have decimals.
 Definition
True (page 515)
Term
15. True or False? Integer and float can be used interchangeably
 Definition
False (page 514-515)
Term
15. True or False? Integer data types are used for positive and negative whole numbers.
 Definition
True (p.514)
Term
15. True or False? Organizations usually select a programming language based on the application’s needs.
 Definition
True (Page 552)
Term
15. True or False? Reserved words are key words with a specific instructional meaning; the name can’t be used for a variable because the programming language is already using it as an instruction.
 Definition
True. (page 513)
Term
15. True or False? The char data type is used to recognize one character, which is enclosed in single quotation marks.
 Definition
True(517)
Term
15. True or False? The function is a block of code that performs a task and can return a value.
 Definition
True (Page 520)
Term
15. True or False? The storage requirement for int is 12 bytes.
 Definition
False. (page 514)
Term
15. True or False? Using loops can reduce the amount of code you need to write?
 Definition
True(page 543)
Term
15. True or False? When a variable is declared, you can assign it a value immediately by using the equal sign (=).
 Definition
True (page 518)
Term
15. True or False? You use if and if-else statements every time you need to weight the results of making a decision.
 Definition
True. (533)
Term
15. True/False Or-Else-Or statements are used to be executed depending on a certain expression.
 Definition
False (536)
Term
15. What can decrease a codes readability?
 Definition
Nesting (537)
Term
15. What does a for statement do?
 Definition
It repeats a group of statements a number of times(pg. 544)
Term
15. What does a function do?
 Definition
It performs a task and can if needed return a value (520)
Term
15. What is a floating point number?
 Definition
A positive or negative number with decimals (page 515)
Term
15. What is a precondition loop?
 Definition
A loop that checks the expression before any source code in the loop is executed(pg. 548)
Term
15. What is a reserved word?
 Definition
A keyword with a specific instructional meaning; the name can’t be used for a variable because the programming language is already using it as an instruction, page 513
Term
15. What is a string data type?
 Definition
The char data type that is used to recognize one character which is enclosed in single quotation marks. (Page 517)
Term
15. What is a switch statement?
 Definition
Something that allows you to test an expression’s value(pg. 538)
Term
15. What type of variable is a word?
 Definition
String(page 517)
Term
15. When using a variable in a program you must first have to identify it or name it.
 Definition
True p513
Term
15. Where source code can be seen and whether other programs can see and use it.
 Definition
scope (521)
Term
15.How much data does a float store?
 Definition
4-bytes
Term
15.Must a variable be declared in order to store information to it?
 Definition
Yes(page513)
Term
15.True or False? Integer data types are used for positive and negative whole numbers.
 Definition
True. (514)
Term
15.What are the most common programming languages?
 Definition
C++ and Java(page511)
Term
15.what are these called =, ==
 Definition
logical operators
Term
15.What is a reserved word?
 Definition
A keyword with specific instructional meaning that can’t be used as a variable(page513)
Term
15.what’s another way of making a decision structure without an if else-if statement?
 Definition
Switch statements
Term
9. A Driver is a user that inputs text for most Word Processor programs.
 Definition
False p322
Term
9. A method of allocating fixed time units to running processes so that it appears to users that all processes are running simultaneously.
 Definition
Time Slicing. (331)
Term
9. A multitasking multiuser, command-line OS known for its stability and reliability is known as
 Definition
Unix (page 324)
Term
9. An area of a hard disk reserved to hold files of a particular OS type.
 Definition
partition (336)
Term
9. An OS generally consists of what 2 parts?
 Definition
(1)Kernel and (2)everything else extending the kernel (pg 323)
Term
9. Coordinated execution of a process, using two or more CPUs at the same time.
 Definition
multiprocessing (327)
Term
9. Does a disk have to be formatted before files can be stored on it?
 Definition
Yes(page338)
Term
9. DOS and Windows 3.x, were designed to be _____________ operating systems.
 Definition
single-tasking (p.327)
Term
9. Everything that takes place on a computer goes through, uses, or gets permission from what?
 Definition
The operating system (page 321)
Term
9. Fill in the Blank? The core of any operating system is known as a ______.
 Definition
Kernel (Page 323)
Term
9. GUI is short for graphical user interface.
 Definition
True p328
Term
9. In windows what are two common wildcard characters?
 Definition
Asterisk(*) and question mark(?)(page 341)
Term
9. Linux is an open-source variation of the Unix operating system.
 Definition
True p324
Term
9. List the 4 classifications of an OS’s basic functions.
 Definition
(1)Providing UI (2)Managing processes (3)Managing resources (including memory) (4)Providing security (pg 327)
Term
9. Name an example of a command-line interface program found on every Windows OS.
 Definition
Command Line
Term
9. Name very popular, still frequently used, open source OS for computers.
 Definition
Linux/UNIX
Term
9. Responsible for managing the user interface, system resources, and process.
 Definition
Operating System (page 321)
Term
9. T or F, a Kernel is a special program that provides an interface to a specific I/O device.
 Definition
False, driver (page 322)
Term
9. T or F, Directory and folder can be used interchangeably for Linux and Windows?
 Definition
True (page 334)
Term
9. The process of starting a computer system is known as _______________.
 Definition
Booting (p.322)
Term
9. True of False? You can communicate with an OS by typing commands into a “Command-Line Interface” and receiving responses in text format.
 Definition
True. (328)
Term
9. True or false Linux allows for recovering files and folders after they have been deleted.
 Definition
False (page 340)
Term
9. True or false Linux commands are case sensitive.
 Definition
True (page 335)
Term
9. True or False? .Every single Operating System performs different functions from all of them having different features and strengths.
 Definition
False (Page 327)
Term
9. True or False? A command-line interface is a method of interacting with the OS, in which information is displayed in a graphical format, and the user can select items by using a point device, such as a mouse.
 Definition
False (page 328)
Term
9. True or False? A folder is also known as a directory.
 Definition
True (Page 334)
Term
9. True or False? A partition is a way of organizing a disk’s surface in a way to allow writing folders and files to it
 Definition
False. A partition is an area of a hard disk to hold files of a specific OS type (pg. 336)
Term
9. True or False? All operating systems are open source.
 Definition
True (page 325)
Term
9. True or False? An Operating system is the software “control center”.
 Definition
True (page 321)
Term
9. True or False? An OS is just a computer program.
 Definition
True (page 323)
Term
9. True or False? Can computers run many programs with only one processor?
 Definition
True (page 331)
Term
9. True or False? Command-line interface is a method of interacting with the OS, in which information is displayed in a graphical format.
 Definition
False. Graphical User Interface (GUI). (page 328)
Term
9. True or False? DOS is a popular Microsoft GUI Operating System.
 Definition
False (page 324)
Term
9. True or False? Every multipurpose device with a CPU must also have an OS
 Definition
True (Page 327)
Term
9. True or False? Interrupt handling is a method of allowing processes and hardware I/O devices to interrupt the processor’s normal executing so that it can handle specific tasks.
 Definition
True. (page 332)
Term
9. True or False? Linux commands are case sensitive.
 Definition
True. (335)
Term
9. True or False? Linux is a multitasking, multiuser, open source variation of the UNIX OS?
 Definition
True. (Page 324)
Term
9. True or False? Linux is open source.
 Definition
True. (page 325)
Term
9. True or False? OS’s do not manage memory.
 Definition
False. (page 333)
Term
9. True or False? Post is a special program that provides an interface.
 Definition
False (page 322)
Term
9. True or False? Single-Tasking is a OS’s capability to effectively support more than one process running at a time.
 Definition
False (page 327)
Term
9. True or False? The FDISK command completely erases a disk.
 Definition
True (page 336)
Term
9. True or False? The main folder/directory level on a drive is the graphical interface.
 Definition
False (Page 334)
Term
9. True or False? The root level is the main folder directory level on a drive?
 Definition
True (Page334)
Term
9. True or False? Windows uses the term “Folder” to refer to subdirectories.
 Definition
True. (page 338)
Term
9. True/False Plug and Play (PnP) is used only in video game consoles.
 Definition
False (332)
Term
9. True/False Providing a user interface is a function of an operating system.
 Definition
True (327)
Term
9. True/False UNIX is an operating system from windows.
 Definition
False (324)
Term
9. Using the idea to pull on boots by the “boot strap”, coined this term?
 Definition
Booting Pg. 322
Term
9. What are drivers?
 Definition
It allows the OS to interact with the computer hardware (322)
Term
9. What are Operating systems responsible for?
 Definition
loading, starting, running, and stopping processes or programs (p.330
Term
9. What are the wildcard symbols in windows and linux?
 Definition
* and ? , page 341
Term
9. What do you type in linux to show all running processes?
 Definition
Ps, page 330
Term
9. What does DOS stand for?
 Definition
Disk Operating System (324)
Term
9. What does POST stand for?
 Definition
Power On Self Test (page 322)
Term
9. What is the name of the area on a hard disk reserved to hold files of a particular OS type?
 Definition
Partition 336
Term
9. What operating system is open source, based on UNIX, and low cost?
 Definition
Linix. (page 325)
Term
9. What operating systems could only be running one program at a time?
 Definition
Single Tasking (327)
Term
9. What’s a command prompt?
 Definition
Words and symbols displayed waiting for user input (pg. 329)
Term
9. Where does the user interact with the OS?
 Definition
The Command Prompt Pg. 328
Term
9. Who created the first GUI?
 Definition
By scientists at Xerox Corporation (page 329)
Term
9.What are the three most common OS?
 Definition
Windows, Linux, and UNIX(page324)
Term
9.what does open source mean?
 Definition
Computer programs, including operating systems, developed as a public collaboration pg.354
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