Term
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Definition
| uncontrolled proliferation of cells and the spread of abnormal cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal growth of new tissue that is non-functional and may harm the individual |
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Term
| Why can a tumor be harmful? |
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Definition
| competes for blood supply and nutrients with normal, healthy cells |
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Term
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Definition
| arise from the cells in which they are found |
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Term
| What are secondary tumors? |
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Definition
| tumor cells that have traveled from somewhere else in the body |
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Term
| How do secondary cells transfer from the primary site? |
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Definition
| via the blood stream or lymphatic vessels |
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Term
| WHat is another name for secondary tumors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Both ______ and _____ spread of malignant neoplasm is possible to distant sites within the body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the development of generic stem cells into specific cells |
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Term
| In the case of cancer, differentiation _______ occur, or occurs _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| What results from cancer influencing differentiation? |
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Definition
| unrecognizable, non-specific, non-functional cell |
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Term
| If a cell is ______ differentiated, the worse the prognosis |
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Definition
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Term
| If a cell is ______ differentiated, the better the prognosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| disorganization and change in morphology (size and shape) of adult cells |
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Term
| Dysplasia, if untreated, may lead to... |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic irritation caused by dysplasia may lead to |
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Definition
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Term
| How is dysplasia treated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reversal of dysplasia restores what? |
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Definition
| normal size, shape, and orientation of the cell |
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Term
| What is the first stage of dysplasia? |
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Definition
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Term
| THe transformation of one type of adult cell to another type of cell |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of metaplasia? |
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Definition
| smoker's esophageal cells in person with Barrett's esophagus |
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Term
| What is another example of metaplasia? |
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Definition
| acid reflux damaging the esophogeal tract |
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Term
| Chronic irritation leads to the exchange of normal epithelial cells to resilient sqeuamous epithelium |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure is commonly affected by hyperplasia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hyperplasia results in _______ tissue mass |
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Definition
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Term
| Abnormal increase in tissue mass due to growth of a tumor |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered precancerous and increases risk for malignancy |
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Definition
| proliferative hyperplasia |
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Term
| What is prostatic hyperplasia? |
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Definition
| increased number of cells in prostate |
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Term
| RIsk of cancer _____ with age |
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Definition
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Term
| Carcinogenic exposure, decreased immune function, limited cell multiplication are theories associated with _____ and Cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the danger associated with benign tumor? |
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Definition
| compression of nearby structures |
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Term
| What are examples of benign tumors? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Malignant tumors can be _______ or _______ |
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Definition
| cancerous or precancerous |
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Term
| what other danger is associated with malignant tumors? |
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Definition
| starve nearby healthy cells of nutrients |
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Term
| What is the 1st stage of metastasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the 2nd stage of metastasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the 3rd stage of metastasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the 4th stage of metastasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| which tumor is well-defined? |
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Definition
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Term
| which tumor has smooth boundaries |
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Definition
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Term
| Which tumor grows only in diameter |
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Definition
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Term
| Which tumor grows slowly and stops when it reaches a certain size |
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Definition
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Term
| Which tumor grows rapidly |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which tumor has irregular borders and often pushes against nearby tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| Which tumor has a chance to metastasize |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the TMN classification system |
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Definition
| most common system for staging cancer |
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Term
| TMN classificaiton system: T |
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Definition
| size and extent of the invasion |
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Term
| TMN classificaiton system: N |
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Definition
| extent of lymph node involvement |
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Term
| TMN classificaiton system: M |
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Definition
| indicates whether distant metastases are present |
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Term
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Definition
| microscopic appearance of the neoplasm |
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Term
|
Definition
| genetic, environmental, familial |
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Term
| Possible etiology of cancer |
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Definition
| viral origin, drug use, prolonged alcohol abuse, hormonal influence |
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Term
| What are the risk factors for cancer? |
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Definition
| advanced age, lifestyle, geographic location, ethnicity, presence of pre-cancerous lesions, stress |
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Term
| Local symptoms arise are ______ to involved area |
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Definition
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Term
| Cancer may be too well-developed and metastasized by the time _______ symptoms appear |
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Definition
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Term
| Nauseau, vomiting and anorexia, pain, anemia, weakness, fever, immunocompromise, changes in vital signs |
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Definition
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Term
| WHen does metastasis generally occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the most common secondary sites? |
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Definition
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Term
| Warning signs of disease that may be seen clinically and often indicate that the patient may not be appropriate for routine physical therapy |
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Definition
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Term
| Stoddard's Warning Signs: 1 |
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Definition
| Backache with a history of cancer in the past 2 years |
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Term
| Stoddard's Warning Signs: 2 |
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Definition
| ONset of back pain late in life without history of previous injury |
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Term
| Stoddard's Warning Signs: 3 |
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Definition
| Serious loss of spinal function, shock, and vomiting following a trivial spinal injury |
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Term
| Stoddard's Warning Signs: 4 |
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Definition
| Intense pain requiring narcotics for >48 hours |
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Term
| Stoddard's Warning Signs: 5 |
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Definition
| Severe pain, deformity, and muscle spasm in areas other than the lumber and cervical spines |
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Term
| Stoddard's Warning Signs: 6 |
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Definition
| Back pain with pyrexia, weight loss, malaise, and excessive weakness |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| A widespread loss of power likely indicates a |
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Definition
| neurologic disease process |
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Term
| Loss of sphincter is never due to a _______- cause |
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Definition
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Term
| Stoddard's Warning Signs: 7 |
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Definition
| Pain that is unchanged with a change in posture or movement |
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Term
| A normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate _______ _______ entirely exclude a disease |
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Definition
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Term
| If ptnt describes Stoddard's signs |
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Definition
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Term
| Impairments could arise as a result of |
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Definition
| primary tumor, secondary tumor, treatment |
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Term
| Treatment of impairments should take effect |
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Definition
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Term
| Pain, loss of ROM, weakness, loss of endurance, balance, coordination |
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Definition
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Term
| PT's should not use heating modalities in patients undergoing |
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Definition
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Term
| Heating modalities should not be used in patients undergoing radiation therapy, as it can ________ the effects of radiation |
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Definition
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Term
| Why should ultrasound and E-stim not be used in areas of tumors? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient should not exercise within __ hours of chemotherapy |
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Definition
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Term
| Why should a patient not exercise within 2 hours of chemotherapy |
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Definition
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Term
| Major focus of prescriptive exercise and cancer patients |
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Definition
| energy conservation, work simplification techniques, functional training |
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Term
| Potential danger of exercise for cancer patients? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How is exercise with lymphedema |
|
Definition
| muscular pumping inhibits progression |
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|
Term
| What are other treatments for lymphedema |
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Definition
| massage, compression garments, compression |
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Term
| Main point of treatments for lymphedema |
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Definition
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