Term
|
Definition
acute tissue changes: erythema/red reflex, boggy, moisture, hypertonic muscle
chronic tissue change: hypotonic muscle, fibrotic, cool, ropy
Asymmetry
Restriction: pathologic barrier before physiologic
Tenderness: acute is severe and sharp, chronic is dull and aching |
|
|
Term
| explain how to name dysfunctions based on law 1 and 2 |
|
Definition
1: sidebending before rotation
2: rotation before sidbending
both in relation to segment below |
|
|
Term
| plane and axis for F/E, rotation, sidebending |
|
Definition
F/E: transverse axis, saggital plane
rotation: vertical axis, transverse plane
sidebending: AP axis, coronal plane |
|
|
Term
| what plane are scoliosos and kyphosis in |
|
Definition
scoliosis: coronal
kyphosis: saggital |
|
|
Term
| superior facet orientation |
|
Definition
cervical: bum
thoracic: bul
lumbar: bm |
|
|
Term
| isotonic, isometric, isolytic, concentric, eccentric |
|
Definition
| isotonic: shorten muscle, no change in tension (DrPt)
concentric: shorten during contraction
eccentric: lengthen during contraction due to external force |
|
|
Term
| where are the majority of maverick points |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neutral in 3 planes, add activating compression, move away from barrier, hold 4s
treats superificial muscles and deep intervetebral muscles |
|
|
Term
| how is still technique done |
|
Definition
| start in position of ease add vector move into restrictive barrier |
|
|
Term
| what is an articulatory technique |
|
Definition
| low velocity moderate amplitude to increase ROM in joint (seven stages of spenser, rib raising) |
|
|
Term
| contraindications of myofascial release |
|
Definition
| bacterial infection, tempp >102, advanced cancer, trauma to viscera |
|
|
Term
| how do you do myofascial release |
|
Definition
| indirect position separating origins from insertions, hold until creep is finished |
|
|
Term
| define post-isometric relaxation |
|
Definition
muscle energy
isometric contraction of agonist into restrictive barrier changes golgi tendon sense allowing relaxation |
|
|
Term
| define direct reciporical inhibition |
|
Definition
muscle energy
isometric contraction of antagonist into restrictive barrier uses spinal cord arch to tell agonist to relax |
|
|
Term
| define indirect reciporical inhibition |
|
Definition
muscle energy
engage position of ease, patient isometrically contracts antagonist muscle and reflex arch causes agonist to relax |
|
|
Term
| define joint mobilization muscle energy |
|
Definition
| restores ROM using muscle contraction |
|
|
Term
| define oculocephalogyric reflex |
|
Definition
muscle energy
uses EOM to effect cervical and gtruncal muscles |
|
|
Term
| define crossed extensor reflex |
|
Definition
| contraction of a muscle on one side of the body causes relaxation of the same muscle on the other side |
|
|
Term
| contraindications to muscle energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| minor complications of HVLA |
|
Definition
| soft tissue damage, soreness, worsening of symptoms, vertigo |
|
|
Term
| major complications of HVLA |
|
Definition
| vertebral artery injury, cauda equina syndrome, disc herniation, fracture |
|
|
Term
| absolute contraindications to HVLA |
|
Definition
| osteoperosis, osteomyelitis, potts, fracture, metastasis to bone, RA and downs in cervical, |
|
|
Term
| relative contraindications to HVLA |
|
Definition
| wiplash, pregnancy, post-surgery, herniated disc, anticoagulants, vertebral artery ischemia, carotid bruit, older lens implant, patient apprehension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cranial> thoracic> ribs> OA> AA> C3-7> shoulder> arm> hand
cranial> L5> L1-4> psoas> leg> foot
cranial> L5> L1-4> sacrum |
|
|
Term
| when to increase or decrease OMT frequency |
|
Definition
increase: pediatrics, acute injury
decrease: elderly |
|
|
Term
| what does the right internal jugular drain for lymph |
|
Definition
| heart, lungs except left upper lobe, right hemi-cranium, right arm |
|
|
Term
| what does the cysterna chili mark |
|
Definition
| L2, the beginning of the thoracic duct |
|
|
Term
| increased lymphatic flow causes |
|
Definition
sympathetic: constricts via T11 at cysterna chili and at lymphatic ducts via intercostal nerves decreasing flow
increased arterial capillary pressure
decreased plasma colloid pressure (cirrhosis)
increase dprotein in interstitium
increased capillary permeability
CT movement |
|
|
Term
| indications for lymphatic treatment |
|
Definition
post-MI
premnestural syndrome
uterine fibroma
endometrosis
eczema
psoriasis
cystitis
tendonitis
pancreatitis
hepatitis/cirrhosis
URI/LRI/COPD
etc etc etc |
|
|
Term
| contraindications for lymphatic treatment |
|
Definition
| osseous fracture, bacterial infection, temp >102, abscess, carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transverse processes between angle of mandible and mastoid process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| highest palpable spinous process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| articular pillars/lateral masses feel like string of pearls posterior to transverse processes between superior and inferior fascets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-bifid spiine, vertebra prominence |
|
|
Term
| cause and treatment of tension headache |
|
Definition
tight suboccipital muscles (rectus capitus posteior major, rectus captus posteior minor, obliquus capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior)
tx: suboccipital release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anterior and medial connect to rib 1 and posterior to rib 2
brachial plexus and subclavian artery are between anterior and middle
subclavian vein is in front of anterior |
|
|
Term
| muscle on top of cervical plexus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alar: dens to foramen magnum
transverse: C1 to atlas
superior band: transverse lig to occiput
inferior band: transverse lig to C2 |
|
|
Term
| describe course of posterior longitudinal ligament |
|
Definition
tectorial membrane from occiput to C1, posterior longitudinal ligament posterior to vertebral body and anterior to spinal cord from C2 to sacrum
less wide in lumbar spine |
|
|
Term
| what is injured in wiplash |
|
Definition
| anterior longitudinal ligament due to sidebending and rotation in opposite direction |
|
|
Term
| what joints are special in cervical spine |
|
Definition
joints of luschka (uncovertebral) on uncinate processes of lateral C3-7
support cervical nerve roots and discs
limit lateral translation |
|
|
Term
| how do nerve roots exit in cervical spine |
|
Definition
1-7 exit above
8 exits below C7 |
|
|
Term
| where are the cervical ganglia and what roots make them |
|
Definition
superior (C1-4): transverse C2-4
middle (C5-6): C6
inferior (C7-T1): anterior rib one head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
OA: F/E, sidebend/rotate opposite
AA: rotation, sidebend/rotate opposite
C2-4: rotation, sidebend/rotate same
C5-7: sidebend, sidebend/rotate same |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extend and sidebend cervical spine and add pressure, if pain in ipsilateral arm nerve root is irritated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supine, flex neck for 10s and extend for 10s, if vertebral insufficiency will have dizziness, visual change, syncope, nystagmus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neck extension and rotation, neuro symptoms indicate vertebral insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| cervical distraction test |
|
Definition
| if cervical or UE pain when lifting head there is cervical nerve root pathology (Radiculitis, compression) |
|
|
Term
| signs of cervical foraminal stenosis |
|
Definition
| pain and pasasthesis in neck radiating into UE, osteophytes, worse in extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weak transverse ligament allows slip of dens causing neuro damage |
|
|
Term
| signs of cervical herniated disc |
|
Definition
| worse in flexion, causes disc to push more posterior, paresthesia and weakness in UE |
|
|
Term
| OA vs lower cervical HVLA |
|
Definition
OA: sidebend and rotate into barrier
lower: pick either sidebend or rotate into barrier |
|
|
Term
| what thoracic spine muscles cause neutral and F/E dysfunction |
|
Definition
neutral: semispinalis, multifititous
F/E: rotatories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vertebral segment is at level...
T1-3 same
T3-6 1/2 below
T7-8 1 below
T10 1 below
T11 1/2 below
T12 same |
|
|
Term
| what are the landmarks for T2, 3, 4, 7, 10 |
|
Definition
T2 sternal notch
T3 spine of scapula
T4 angle of louis, dermatome nipple
T7 inferior angle of scapulae
T10 dermatome umbilicus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sidebend left
convexity right
hump on right
restricted translation left |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sidebent right
convexity on left
hump on left
restricted in translation right |
|
|
Term
| how do you tell structural vs functional scoliosis |
|
Definition
| if they side bend opposite to the hump while in Adams test and the curve goes away it is functional, if not it is structural |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 curve types in scoliosis |
|
Definition
double major/ S curve: thoracic curve with lumbar compensation, most common
thoracic curve: second most common
lumbar curve: least common |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5-15deg: PT, OMT
20-45: PT, OMT, bracing
>50: surgery |
|
|
Term
| when does scoliosis cause organ problems |
|
Definition
50deg respiratory problems
75deg cardiovascular problems |
|
|
Term
| what do you use for ME in thoracic treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do you set up HVLA thoracic |
|
Definition
superior arm on top
stand on opposite side of rotation
if flexed: hand will push up both sides of transverse process
if neutral: sidebend away, hand on both transverse processes
if extended: treat the segment below dysfunctional segment, aim thrust 45 deg cephalad |
|
|
Term
| typical, atypical, true, false, floating, pump handle, bucket handle, and capilar ribs |
|
Definition
typical: 3-10
atypical: 1, 2, 11, 12
true: 1-4
false: 8-10
floating: 11-12
pump: 1-5
bucket: 6-10
caliper: 11-12 |
|
|
Term
| explain how and which joints ribs use to articulate |
|
Definition
costovertebral: rib head and vertebral body with same vertebrae as rib number
costotransverse: rib tubercle and transverse process of the vertebrae above |
|
|
Term
| primary muscles of respriatory |
|
Definition
diaphragm
internal, external, innermost, and subcostal intercostals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ribs 6-12, bodies of L1-3
xyphoid |
|
|
Term
| secondary muscles of respiration, the ribs they treat, and the position for exhaled rib treatment |
|
Definition
anterior/middle scalene (1): raise head to ceiling
posterior scalane (2): turn head 30 deg away from dysfunctional side and life head to ceiling
pec minor (3-5): push elbow of side towards opposite ASIS
serratus anterior (6-9): push arm anterior
latissimus dorsi (10-11): adduct arm
quadratus lumborum (12): adduct arm |
|
|
Term
| how do you treat inhaled ribs |
|
Definition
flex head to pump handle ribs
reach toward knee ipsilateral for bucket handle ribs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malposition compared to rest of cage, protrusion anterior or posterior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
twisting on itself, associated with F/E dysfunction of T spine and interosseous change
internal: prominent superior, wide superior intercostal space
external: prominent inferior, wide inferior intercostal space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
trauma to rib leads to lateral, AP, or PA displacement
lateral: AP prominence
AP: anterior depression, lateral prominence
PA: posterior depression, lateral prominence |
|
|
Term
| where does the spinal cord end, where is a LP done |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what muscle causes F/E dysfunction in lumbar spine |
|
Definition
| multifidius and rotatories |
|
|
Term
| iliac crest and T10 dermatome/umbilicus are lumbar landmarks for |
|
Definition
L4-5: iliac crest
L3-4: T10 dermatoma/umbilicus |
|
|
Term
| primary motion of lumbar spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| straight leg raise, pain indicates hamstring tightness or sciatc nerve pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drop below pain in straight leg raise, dorsiflex foot, pain felt all the way down is sciatic or lumbar root pathology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pt standing, stabilize shoulder, push pelvis toward stabilizing hand, positive on side more free to translation due to psoas syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flex both hips and hug knees, then release one, if lordosis then psoas spasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pick up one leg, pelvis should raise ipsilaterally, if it falls then gluteus medius is weak |
|
|
Term
| signs of lumbar disc herniation |
|
Definition
| exacerbated by flexion, decreased DTR, numbness and tingling, low back and leg pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
positive thomas test
tenderpoint medial to ASIS
L1/2 dysfunction
positive pelvic shift contralateral
sacral dysfunction on oblique axis
contralateral piriformis spasm
increased lumbar lordosis
L5 dysfunction
low back pain with radiation to groin |
|
|
Term
| signs of lumbar spinal stenosis |
|
Definition
| shooting pain and paresthesia into lower back and legs, worse when standing, exacerbated by extension, relieved in flexion, osteophytes |
|
|
Term
| types of spondylolisthesis |
|
Definition
1) congenital, dysplastic L5/sacral neural arch and superior fascets
2) isthmic pars pathology: A) fatigue >50yo, B) microfractures and elongation, C) acute pars trauma
3) degenerative: usually L4, >50yo black women, zygopop instability
4) traumatic other than pars
5) pathologic: pagets, OI, metastasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
defect in pars without anterior displacement
collar on scotty dog |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| degeneration in disc and ankylosing of adjacent vertebral bodies, osteophytes, bony fusion |
|
|
Term
| most common cause of anatomical short leg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sacral bas elower on short side
anterior innominate on short side
posterior innominate on long side
lumbar sidebend away, rotated towards
furgusons angle increased 2-3deg
postural scoliosis, ankle contracture, altered gair, back pain, stressed iliolumbar ilgament on short side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5mm-2cm: first OMT, then correct 1/2-3/4 the deficit, 1/16in at at time in fragile, 1/8in at a time in flexible, never exceed 1/4in on inside of shoe, never exceed 1/2in without anterior compensation
2-5cm: shorten long leg
>5cm: lengthen short leg |
|
|
Term
| most common lumbar abnormality |
|
Definition
| facet/sygophyphyseal trophism (asymmetry of joint angles, coronal rather than saggital) |
|
|
Term
| second most common lumbar abnormality |
|
Definition
| sacrilization (transverse process of L5 articulates with sacrum, usually bilateral) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| completely open spina bifidia, no vertebrae have laminae, inconsistant with life |
|
|
Term
| explain how to do lumbar HVLA |
|
Definition
posterior transverse process up
straight inferior leg, hook top leg
pull lower arm to get rotation
thrust pelvis forward |
|
|
Term
| where and what is ganglion impar |
|
Definition
| R/L sympathetic chain junction anterior to coccyx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opening from natrual L5 foramina failure
location of caudal analgesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sacroiliac (A/P/interosseous): stabilize SI joint |
|
|
Term
| accessory pelvic ligaments |
|
Definition
sacrotuberous: ILA to ischial tuberosity
sacrospinous: sacrum to ischial spine, make greater and lesser sciatic foramen
iliolumbar: L4/5 to iliac crest |
|
|
Term
| first ligament to become painful in lumbar/sacral dysfunction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lumbar plexus nerves and function |
|
Definition
T12-L4
motor: iliopsoas, quads, adductors, satorus, gracilis
sensory: thigh, butt, low abdomen, pubis |
|
|
Term
| sacral plexus nerves and function |
|
Definition
L4-S4
motor and sensory to LE, PNS S2-4 to L colon and pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
levator ani: iliococcygeus, pubocyccygeus
coccygeus: kegals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| iliopsaos, obturator, piriformis |
|
|
Term
| piriformis innervation, O/I, and motion |
|
Definition
S1-2
anterior sacrum to greater trochanter
external rotation, extension, abduction of flexed hip |
|
|
Term
| iliopsoas innervation and insertion |
|
Definition
T12-L5 (lumbar plexus L1-3, femoral L2-3)
lesser trochanter |
|
|
Term
| 3 axis of the sacrum, their location and motion |
|
Definition
STA (S2): respiratory, craniosacral/inherent
MTA (S3): postural
ITA: innominate |
|
|
Term
| respiratory, craniosacral, postural, and dynamic motion of sacram |
|
Definition
respiratory: inhalation extends, exhalation flexes
craniosacral: flexion counternutates, extension nutates
postural: flexion flexes, extension extends
dynamic: left foot down is left on left, right foot down is right on right on oblique axis |
|
|
Term
| cause of innominate anterior rotation, posterior rotation, superior shear, inferior shear |
|
Definition
anterior rotation: tight quads, rectus femoris, or adductors
posterior rotation: right hamstrings
superior shear: fall on ipsilateral butt or step into hole
inferior shear: tugging motion on ipsilateral leg |
|
|
Term
| cause of pubic superior shear, inferior shear |
|
Definition
superior shear: trauma, right rectus abdominus, posterior innominate, third trimester of pregnancy, birthing
inferior shear: trauma, tight addctors, anterior innominate, third trimester of pregnancy, birthing |
|
|
Term
| most common sacral dysfunction |
|
Definition
| unilateral sacral flexion |
|
|
Term
| most common post-partum sacral dysfunction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| define sacral margin posterior |
|
Definition
sacrum rotates posterior on midvertical or parasaggital vertical axis
sacral margin on vertical axis: right sulci and ILA shallow, left sulci and ILA deep, positive spring on right
right sacral margin parasaggital axis: right sulci and ILA shallow, left sulci and ILA normal, positive sprina, on right |
|
|
Term
| rotator cuff muscles: muscle, innervation, function |
|
Definition
supraspinatus: suprascapular C4-6, up
infraspinatus: suprascapular C4-6, out
teres minor: axillary C5-6, out
subscapularis: upper and lower subscapular C5-7, in |
|
|
Term
| deltoid innervation and action |
|
Definition
axillary C5-6
abduction
flexion
extension |
|
|
Term
| primary supnator of forearm and nerve |
|
Definition
| brachialis (musculocutaneous C5-6) |
|
|
Term
| primary adductors of shoulder and nerve |
|
Definition
| pec major and latissimus doris (thoracodorsal C6-8) |
|
|
Term
| primary extensor of the forearm and nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe path of upper extremity arteries |
|
Definition
subclavian becomes axillary at axilla
becomes brachial at inferior teres minor
divides into radial and ulnar at bicipital aponeurosis
radial becomes deep palmar arch
ulnar becomes superificial palmar arch
profunda brachi: 1st major branch of brachial runs with radial nerve in radial grove |
|
|
Term
| brachial plexus: what are the roots, what are the four single branches and where do they come from, what are the branches, what are the two sets of three branch bundles and where do they come from |
|
Definition
roots: C5-7
4 singles: dorsal scapular off C5, suprascapular off superior trunk, lateral pectoral off lateral cord, long thoracic off C5-7
branches: musculocutaneous, axillary, median, radial, ulnar
sets of 3: upper subscapular, thoracodorsal, lower subscapular off posterior cord and medial pectoral, medial antibrachial cutanous, and medial brachial cutaneous off medial cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C5: lateral arm
C6: lateral forearm and thumb
C7: middle finger
C8: little finger, mid forearm
T1: mid arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C5 biceps
C6 brachioradialis
C7 triceps |
|
|
Term
| explain glenohumoral motion |
|
Definition
| 180deg motion (120 glenohumoral, 60 scapulothoracic) 2:1 ratio |
|
|
Term
| most common sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joint dysfunctions |
|
Definition
sternoclavicular: anterior and superioer
acromioclavicular: superior and lateral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abduction/external rotation
adduction/internal rotation
test ROM of shoulder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atm at 90deg and 30deg forward, internal rotation, pain or weakness indicates supraspinatous neuropathy or tear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pain or inability to hold arm up in full abduction indicates rotator cuff tear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test for chronic shoulder dislocation, abduct, extend, externally rotate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test biceps tendon, traction to elbow external rotation, pt internally rotates, tendon should not pop put |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extend elbow and supinate arm, flex at shoulder against force, tender bicipital groove is positive or dislocation of biceps tendon |
|
|
Term
| what are the three impingements in thoracic outlet syndrome, describe the three tests used to determine which is the cause |
|
Definition
between anterior and middle scalenes: has diminished pulses in UE, adsons positive (extend/abduct arm, turn head ipsilateral, monitor radial pulse)
between clavicle and rib 1: positive military press (depress and extend shoulder, decreased radial pulse)
between pec minor and upper ribs at coricoid: positive wrights/hyperextension (hyperabduct arm above head, if radial pulse decreases) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abduct both arms externally rotate and flex elbows, form fist, weakness or parasthesia suggests thoracic outlet syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clavicular joint palpation and motion |
|
|
Term
| signs of supraspinatous tendonitis |
|
Definition
| tender tip of acromion, worse in abduction esp 60-120 deg painful arch syndrome, positive empty can, negative arm drop |
|
|
Term
| signs of bicipital tendonitis |
|
Definition
| anterior shoulder pain, radiating into bicep, tender over groove, worse in flexion and supination |
|
|
Term
| sighs of rotator cuff tear |
|
Definition
| sharp pain or ache, wrose at night, positive arm drop, weak absuction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extension
flexion
compression circumduction
traction circumduction
adduction with external rotation
internal rotation with abduction
pumping and stretching |
|
|
Term
| flexors and pronators of the hand and wrist: origin, innervation |
|
Definition
medial epicondyle, median nerve
exception: flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve) |
|
|
Term
| extensors and supinators of the hand and wrist: origin and innervation |
|
Definition
| lateral epicondyle, radial nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
radial: posterior hand and fingers 1-3.5 except tips
ulnar nerve: hypothenar, fingers 4.5-5
median: the rest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal 5 in men 10-12 in women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
test: compress unlar nerve between medial epycondyle and olecranon
sign: compress median nerve by tapping volar ligament |
|
|
Term
| phalens vs reverse phalens test |
|
Definition
phalens (reverse prayer): hands in flexion
reverse phalens (prayer): hands in extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| access circulation of radial and ulnar arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| make fist and deviate wrist, pain indicates dequarvains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if sulcus inferior to acromion when arm is pulled down there is inferior shoulder instability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendonitis of absuctor pollicus longus and extensor pollicis brevis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carrying angle >15deg
abduction of ulna
adduction of wrist
olecranon restricted in lateral glide
distal ulnar restricted in medial glide
radial head compressed on lateral humeral condyle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carrying angle <3deg
adduction of ulna
abduction of wrist
olecranon restricted in medial glide
distal ulnar restricted in lateral glide
radial head distracted from lateral humeral condyle |
|
|
Term
| posterior radial head cause and signs |
|
Definition
fall on pronated forearm forward
restricted supination and anterior glide of radial head |
|
|
Term
| anterior radial head cause and signs |
|
Definition
fall backward on supinated forwarm
restricted pronation and posterior glide of radial head |
|
|
Term
| most common fracture of carpals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common dislocated carpal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cause and signs of lateral epicondylitis |
|
Definition
tennis elbow
extensor and supinator muscle strain
pain on lateral epicondule
pain with wrist extension
radiation to lateral arm |
|
|
Term
| cause and signs of medial epicondylitis |
|
Definition
golfers elbow
flexor and pronator muscle strain
pain on medial epicondyle
worse with wrist flexion
radiates to medial arm |
|
|
Term
| cause and signs of claw hand |
|
Definition
median and ulnar nerve injury
MCP extension, POP and DIP flexion |
|
|
Term
| cause and signs of ape hand |
|
Definition
median nerve injury
wasting of thenar eminence and thumb adduction |
|
|
Term
| cause and signs of bisphops deformity |
|
Definition
ulnar nerve injury
contracture of last two digits, hypothenar atrophy |
|
|
Term
| cause and signs of dupytrens contracture |
|
Definition
palmar fascia contracture (genetic,liver disease)
contraction of MCP and PIP usually in last two digits |
|
|
Term
| cause and signs of wrist drop |
|
Definition
radial nerve damage, hanging arm over chair, fracture of humoral shaft
paralysis fo extensor |
|
|
Term
| ligaments of femoroacetabular joint |
|
Definition
posterior supporting: iliofemoral, ischiofemoral
anterior supporting: iliofemoral, pubofemoral
capitis femoris: at head |
|
|
Term
| actions of anterior and posterior cruciate |
|
Definition
anterior: anterior on tibia, posteior on femir, prevent anterior tibia translation, prevent hyperextension
posterior: posterior on tibia, anterior on femur, prevents posterior tibia translation, prevents hyperflexion |
|
|
Term
| define pronation and supination |
|
Definition
pronation: dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction, fibular head glides anterior
supination: plantar flexion, eversion, adduction, fibular head glides posterior |
|
|
Term
| femoral nerve: roots, motor, sensory |
|
Definition
L2-4
quads, iliacus, satorus, pectineus
anterior thigh, medial leg |
|
|
Term
| sciatic nerve: roots, branches |
|
Definition
L4-S3
tibial, peroneal/fibular |
|
|
Term
| tibial nerve: motor, sensory |
|
Definition
L5-S2
quads except short head of biceps femoris, plantar and toe flexors |
|
|
Term
| peroneal nerve: motor, sensory |
|
Definition
short head biceps femoris, evertors, dorsiflexors of foot, extensors of toe, extensor digitorum brevis
lower leg and dorsal foot |
|
|
Term
| adductor group: muscles, innervation |
|
Definition
longus, brevis, magnus
obturator L2-4
magnus: gets some sciatic nerve and can extend thigh too |
|
|
Term
| gluteus medius and maximus function and innervation |
|
Definition
max: inferior gluteal L5-S2, extend hip
med: superior gluteal L5-S1, abduct hip |
|
|
Term
| sensation to leg and thigh |
|
Definition
L1: anterior below inguinal ligament
L2: anterior mid thigh
L3: anterior above knee
L4: mid anterior leg
L5: dorsal foot and 1st toe
S1: lateral anterior leg
S2: mid posterior leg
S2: lateral posterior leg
S4-5: anus |
|
|
Term
| L4-S1 motor function and reflexes |
|
Definition
L4: foot inversion, patella reflex
L5: toe dorsiflexion
S1: foot eversion, achilles reflex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
angle between ASIS/patella and tibia tubercle/patella
<10 genu varum
>12 genu valgum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
angle between neck and shaft of femur
<120 coxa vara
>135 coxa valga |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anterior glide with external rotation
posterior glide with internal rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FABRE, tests for OA or sciatica of hip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patient on side, lift leg and drop, tight IT will not fall quickly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| knees and hips flexed and thighs externally rotated and abducted, click indicated congenital dysplasia or dislocation of hip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supinal, apply blilateral medial pressure on pelvis, pain indicates sacroilitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| knee flexed but suspended, anterior strain, most specific for ACL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lateral meniscus: flex, internally rotate, varus stress, then extend
medial meniscus: flex, externally rotate, valgus stress, then extend |
|
|
Term
| patellofemoral grinding test |
|
Definition
| contraction of quads causes pain in condromalaica patellae, osteochondral defect, or degenerative change in trochlear groove |
|
|
Term
| ballotmet/bounce home test |
|
Definition
| patella moved medial and lateral and observe for fluid suggesting knee effusion |
|
|
Term
| causes of external hip rotation |
|
Definition
| piriformis, iliopsoas spasm |
|
|
Term
| causes of internal hip rotation |
|
Definition
| gluteus minimus, hamstring, TFL, adductor magnus or longus |
|
|
Term
| signs of posterior fibular head |
|
Definition
distal fibula anterior
talus internally rotated
foot in supination
lateral maleolus restricted in posterior glide |
|
|
Term
| signs of anterior fibular head |
|
Definition
distal fibula posterior
talus externally rotated
foot in pronation
lateral maleolus restricted in anterior glide |
|
|
Term
| causes of peroneal nerve damage and signs |
|
Definition
posterior fibular head fracture
posterior fibular head
decreased sensation and motor to top of foot, plantar flexion dominates causing supination |
|
|
Term
| most common type of compartment syndrome and cause |
|
Definition
| anterior: anterior tibialis tender, lateral shin splints caused by running up hill on toes |
|
|
Term
| what type of compartment syndrome is the "shin splint" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what compartment syndrome is common in novice runners, symptoms |
|
Definition
deep posterior
pain medial and anterior to mid tibia |
|
|
Term
| signs of osgood schlatter |
|
Definition
| pain on tibial tuberosity, worse squatting or stairs, x-ray with separation and new bone growth |
|
|
Term
| meralgia paresthetica: cause, signs, treatment |
|
Definition
compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve under inguinal ligament
pain and parasthesia of lateral leg, often obese or wears heavy tool belt or pregnant
remove offending cause |
|
|
Term
| components of medial, lateral, and transverse arches |
|
Definition
medial: talus, navicular, cuneiforms, metatarsals 1-3
lateral: calcaneus, cuboid, metatarsals 4-5
transverse: navcular, cuneiforms, cuboid |
|
|
Term
| number 1 site in foot of somatic dysfunction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what supports longitudinal arch |
|
Definition
| spring/calcaneoavicular ligament |
|
|
Term
| what ligament prevents pronation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which ligaments are the lateral stabilizers |
|
Definition
| anterior talofibular, calcenofibular, posteriotalofibular |
|
|
Term
| 5 most common arch dysfunctions |
|
Definition
cuboid medial edge glides plantar
navicular lateral edge glides plantar
cuneiform #2 glides plantar
pes cavus: high arches
pes plantus: flat arches |
|
|
Term
| what does ligamentous sprain do to the fibula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve and muscles dorsiflex and extend toes |
|
Definition
| deep peroneal: tibialis anterior, extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum, extensor digitirum brevis, extensor hallicus brevis, peroneus tertius |
|
|
Term
| what nerves and muscles plantar flex and flex toes |
|
Definition
tibial: gastrocnemus, soleus, plantaris, flexor hallicus longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
superificial peroneal: peroneus longus, peroneus brevus
medial plantar nerve: abductor hallicus, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucus brevis
lateral plantar nerve: quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi brevis |
|
|
Term
| what bones does vagus interact with |
|
Definition
| temporal, occiput, OA, AA, C2 |
|
|
Term
| where is asterion, bregma, lambda, nasion, petron |
|
Definition
asteron: occipital, temoral, pariteal
bregma: saggital, frontal, coroneal
lambda: saggital, lamboidal
nasion: 2 nasal and frontal
petron: greater wing of sphenoid, temporal, parietal, frontal |
|
|
Term
| what bone does the hypoglossal interact with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the components of the primary respiratory mechanism |
|
Definition
inherent motility of brain and spinal cord
fluctuation of CSF
movement of intracranial and intraspinal membranes
articular motion of cranial bones
involuntary motion of scraum between ilia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SBS superior
paiered bones externally rotate
dura pulled up
counternutation
decreased AP diameter
head widens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SBS inferior
paired bones internally rotate
dural down
nutation
increased AP diameter
narrows head |
|
|
Term
| where does the dura attach |
|
Definition
falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
foramen magnum
C2-3
S2 posterior |
|
|
Term
| normal cranial sacral rhythm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SBS torsion: movement, axis, hands, naming, cause |
|
Definition
sphenoid and occiput rotate opposite
1 AP axis
6 shooters
name for greater wing
trauma to head quadrant often downward blow |
|
|
Term
| SBS sidebending rotation: movement, axis, hands, naming |
|
Definition
crack the egg and dump motion
1 AP axis, 2 vertical axis
one side feels like flexion
name for side of dumping to |
|
|
Term
| SBS vertical strain: movement, axis, hands, naming, cause |
|
Definition
tipping of sphenoid and occiput forward or back
2 transverse axis
fingers in nod (superior) or rock back (inferior) position
named for base of sphenoid
trauma to vertex of head or blow to mouth |
|
|
Term
| SBS lateral strain: movement, axis, hands, naming, cause |
|
Definition
twisting of sphenoid and occiput in same direction
2 vertical axis
parelleogram head
name for superior greater wing
trauma to side of head anterior, birth |
|
|
Term
| SBS lateral shear: cause, diagnosis |
|
Definition
lateral translation of base of sphenoid relative to base of occiput
translate sphenoid left and right with fingers to find restriction |
|
|
Term
| absolute and relative contraindications to cranial |
|
Definition
absolute: intracranial bleed, increased ICP, skull fracture
relative: seizure hx, dystonia hx, traumatic brain injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| headache, tinnitus, dizziness, altered HR/BP or respiration, GI irritability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) nothing
2) greater wing
3) temporal bone anterior to ear
4) mastoid
5) occiput |
|
|
Term
| explain motion of occiput, temporal bone, and mandible |
|
Definition
| temporal external rotation (paired bone) is associated with occiput flexion, temporal external rotation causes mandible posterior displacement and chin displacement towards dysfunctional temporal |
|
|
Term
| signs of temporal dysfunction |
|
Definition
| UL facial nerve pressure (myokymia/eyelid contractions, descending facial contractions if internally rotated), dizziness, tinnitus, otitis media, TMJ, headache, bells palsy |
|
|
Term
| two causes and treatments for TMJ |
|
Definition
mastoid suture compression: V spread (often associated with headache)
temporal rotation: temporal rocking |
|
|
Term
| cause and treatment of GERD in newborn after traumatic birth |
|
Definition
| CN X irritation due to condylar compression, tx condylar decompression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
III: miosis, contraction for near vision
VII/sphenopalatine: lacrimal and nasal secretion
VII/submandibular: salivary secretion
IX/otic: garotid secretion, carotid body and sinus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreased contraction and conduction velocity in heart
contraction of bronchiolar smooth muscle, thin respiratory secretions
contract lumen and relax GI sphinctors, increase secretion, motility, glycogen synthesis
kidney and ureter peristalsis, gonadal PNS control |
|
|
Term
| pelvic splanchnic PNS functions |
|
Definition
S2-4
descending sigmoid and rectum secretion and motility
lower ureter peristalsis
detrusor contraction
trigone relaxation
penile erection
uterus/fundus relaxation
cervix constriction |
|
|
Term
| sympathetic innervation to the GI tract (mouth to anus) |
|
Definition
T1-4: head and neck
T2-4: upper 1/3 esophagus
T5-7: lower 2/3 esophagus
T5-9: foregut
T10-11: midgut
T12-L2: hindgut
T12: appendix |
|
|
Term
| sympathetic innervation to the cardio and respiratory system |
|
Definition
T1-5: aortic arch
T2-6: trachea, bronchi, heart, mammary
T2-7: lungs |
|
|
Term
| sympathetic innervation to the urinary system |
|
Definition
T10-11: adrenal, kidney, upper ureter
T12-L1: lower ureter
T11-L2: bladder, urethra |
|
|
Term
| sympathetic innervation to upper and lower extremities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sympathetic innervation to the male reproductive system |
|
Definition
T10-11 gonads
T11-L2 erectile tissue
T10-L2 prostate
L2 penis, seminal vesicle, cavernosa |
|
|
Term
| sympathetic innervation to the female reproductive system |
|
Definition
T10-11 gonads
T10-L2 uterus, cervix |
|
|
Term
| describe a chapmans point |
|
Definition
viscerosomatic reflex
gangliform contractions
smooth, firm, palpable, 2-3mm
in deep fascia or on periosteum
pain sharp, non-radiatng |
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T2-5 transverse processes |
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: middle ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: nasal sinuses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inferior sternoclavicular |
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: tonsils and larynx |
|
Definition
| mid 1st intercostal space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: esophagus, bronchi, thyroid |
|
Definition
| mid 2nd intercostal space |
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: myocardium |
|
Definition
| mid 2nd intercostal space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: retina/conjunctivae |
|
Definition
| humerus superior to deltoid tuberosity |
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: upper lung |
|
Definition
| mid 3rd intercostal space |
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: lower lung |
|
Definition
| mid 4th intercostal space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: gallbladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: stomach acidity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: stomach peristalsis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: small intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2in superior 1in lateral to umbilicus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1in superior 1in lateral to umbilicus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral to pubic symphysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral to pubic symphysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: prostate, broad ligament |
|
Definition
| lateral femur, posterior IT band |
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: intestine peristalsis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chapmans point: rectum, gonads |
|
Definition
| lesser trochanter of femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior IT bands proximal to knee |
|
|
Term
| what is the order of treatment for visceral/somatic treatment with lymphatics |
|
Definition
1) support homeostatic mechanisms
2) ensure healthy metabolism and nutrition
3) support mental and emotional needs
4) assess champans points, dont treat
5) treat dysfunctional causing facillitation of spinal cord segments
6) reduce sympathetic nervous system contributions
7) aid in fluid movement
8) rib raising
9) treat fascial restriction
10) reduce parasympathetic nervous system imbalance |
|
|
Term
| how do you reduce sympathetic nervous system imbalance |
|
Definition
champans points
treat sympathetic chain ganglia: rib raising, inhibition of lumbar segments
treat collateral gnanglia: preaortic (celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric) cervical |
|
|
Term
| how and in what order do you aid in fluid movement |
|
Definition
thoracic inlet release
diaphragm release
treat mesenteries
lymphatic pumps |
|
|
Term
| how do you reduce parasympathetic nervous system imbalance |
|
Definition
treat vagus dysfunction (OA, AA, C2)
treat sacral dysfunction
treat splanchnic nerves |
|
|
Term
| what is the theory behind rib raising / inhibition of lumbar segments |
|
Definition
| sympathetic reduction: thoracic sympathetic ganglia anterior to rib, pressure increases then decreases sympathetic output from the ganglia |
|
|
Term
| where are areas of boggyness that could indicate lymphatic dysfunction |
|
Definition
| supraclavicular, posterior axillary folds, epigastrum, inguinals, popliteals, achilles |
|
|
Term
| in what order should the diaphragms be released |
|
Definition
1) cervicothoracic (stibsons/thoracic inlet)
2) craniocervical (tx SBS)
3) abdominal
4) pelvic |
|
|
Term
| 6 types of lymphatic pumps |
|
Definition
thoracic pump of miller
abdominal bump
pedal pump of dalrymple
splenic pump (never do in splenomeagly)
liver pump
extremity pump of wales |
|
|
Term
| what are the compensatory curves and the normal pattern of fascial restriction |
|
Definition
occipitoalantal, cervicothoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbosacral
OA left, cervicothoracic right, throacolumbar left, lumbosacral right |
|
|
Term
| how do you reduce parasympathetic input to the splanchnic nerves |
|
Definition
sacral rocking
sacral inhibition |
|
|
Term
| what does a trigger point feel like |
|
Definition
hypersensitive
taught band of skeletal muscle or vascia
viscerosomatic, somatovisceral, somatosomatic
refered pain to area of body, reproducable |
|
|
Term
| what trigger point can cause supraventricular tachyarrhythmia |
|
Definition
| mid 5-6th rib on R pec major |
|
|
Term
| how are trigger points treated |
|
Definition
spray and stretch
anesthetic injection
dry needling
muscle energy
myofascial release
US
reciporical inhibition
ischemic compression |
|
|
Term
| what does a jones point feel like |
|
Definition
small, tense, hypersensitive
tender, no radiation
in region of chief complaint |
|
|
Term
| anterior and posterior cervical tenderpoint location |
|
Definition
ant: lateral to articular pillars
C7 ant: SCM on clavicle
post: tip of spinous process |
|
|
Term
| anterior and posterior thoracic tenderpoint location |
|
Definition
ant: T1-6 at rib attachment to sternum, T7-12 in rectus abdominus 1in from midline
post: on either side of spinous or transverse process |
|
|
Term
| anterior (exhaled) rib tenderpoint locations |
|
Definition
AR1 rib 1 at manibrium
AR2 mid clavicle
AR 3-6 flare lateral until axilla |
|
|
Term
| posterior (inhaled) rib tenderpoint locations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| position of anterior cervical non-maverick tenderpoints |
|
Definition
RA - C1
F SARA - C2, 3, 5, 6, 8
M - C4, 7 |
|
|
Term
| position of anterior cervical maverick tenderpoints |
|
Definition
C4 - E SARA
C7 F STAR
C7 located SCM on clavicle |
|
|
Term
| position of posterior cervical non-maverick tenderpoints |
|
Definition
E SARA - C2, 4-7
F SARA - C8
M- C1, C3 |
|
|
Term
| position of posterior cervical maverick tenderpoints |
|
Definition
C1/inion: flex
C3 - F SARA |
|
|
Term
| position of anterior and posterior thoracic tenderpoints |
|
Definition
anterior T1-L1 F head or knees, SARA
posterior T1-L1 extend in prine, SARA |
|
|
Term
| position of anterior and posterior rib tenderpoints |
|
Definition
anterior: flex head, STRT
PR1: flex head, ST
PR2-6: SARA |
|
|
Term
| location and treatment of iliacus tenderpoint |
|
Definition
7cm medial to ASIS
supine, flex hip, external rotation |
|
|
Term
| treatment of ileum/SI tenderpoint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| location and treatment of piriformis tenderpoint |
|
Definition
7cm medial to greater trochanter
prone, hip and knee flexed, abducted, externally rotated |
|
|
Term
| treatment of inguinal ligament tenderpoint |
|
Definition
| supine, flex knees, internal rotation |
|
|
Term
| cause and treatment of high flare out SI tenderpoint |
|
Definition
coccygodynia
prone, leg extended, adduction, external rotation |
|
|
Term
| location of anterior lumbar tenderpoints |
|
Definition
L1 medial to ASIS
L2-4 on ASIS
L5 superior to pubic ramus
L2M abdominal point |
|
|
Term
| location of posterior lumbar tenderpoints |
|
Definition
L1-5 on side of spinous or transverse process
L3-4 on iliac crest
L5M on PSIS or cauded |
|
|
Term
| treatment of anterior lumbar tenderpoints |
|
Definition
L1-5 flex knees and hips, STRA
L2M flex knees and hips, SART |
|
|
Term
| treatment of posterior lumbar tenderpoints |
|
Definition
L1-5: prone, extend, sidebend away
L5M: internal rotation, abduction |
|
|
Term
| location of psoas tenderpoint |
|
Definition
| 1/2 between ASIS and umbilicus |
|
|
Term
| levator ani syndrome signs and treatment |
|
Definition
dysmenorrhea, dyspartenuria, urinary frequency, fecal incontinence, sexual dysfunction, prolapse of bladder, pelvis, rectum
steroids, treat dysfunctions |
|
|
