Term
| An individual fell backwards onto their palm. What direction did the radial head go? Name the dysfunction. |
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Definition
| They fell in a supinated position, so the radial head went anterior. This is an anterior radial head somatic dysfunction (decreased posterior glide). |
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Term
| Name the three joints of the elbow. |
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Definition
| Humero-ulnar joint, proximal radio-ulnar joint, humero-radial joint |
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Term
| Which joint of the elbow participates in flexion/extension and abduction/adduction (gliding)? |
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Definition
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Term
| The elbow is less stable in what two directions? |
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Definition
| Anterior and posterior. It has really stable in medial and lateral directions due to collateral ligaments. |
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Term
| Name the ligament that is known as the "primary elbow stabilizer". How is it injured? |
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Definition
| Ulnar Collateral Ligament. It is injured from repetitive overhead throwing (baseball). |
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Term
| Is it easier for us to go into pronation or supination? Why? |
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Definition
| Pronation. We live in a largely pronated world; thus, a restriction going into pronation is severely debilitating. |
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Term
| In pronation, the proximal radius moves ________________. Distal radius? |
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Definition
| Posterior (DORSAL). Think P for Pronation and P for Posterior. The distal radius always moves the opposite way (anterior in this case). |
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Term
| In supination, the proximal radius moves __________. Distal radius? |
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Definition
| Anterior (VOLAR). The distal radius moves in the opposite direction (posterior in this case). |
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Term
| Biceps brachii action and reflex (vertebral level)? |
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Definition
| Action: Supination of forearm, and when supine, it flexes the forearm. REFLEX: C5. |
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Term
| Triceps brachii action and reflex (vertebral level)? |
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Definition
| Action: Extends the forearm. REFLEX: C7. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stabilizes elbow joint. It also assists the triceps in extending the forearm. |
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Term
| If you find a muscle that is weak, what should you do to treat it per Greenman's Upper Quarter Muscle Imbalance pearls? |
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Definition
| Find the inhibitor of the weak muscle, and stretch/lengthen it (it is normally tight). |
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Term
| Brachioradialis action and reflex. |
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Definition
| Action: flexes forearm. REFLEX: C6. |
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Term
| Extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus have the same actions. What are they? |
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Definition
| Extends and ABducts the hand at the wrist joint. |
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Term
| Extensor carpi ulnaris' actions? |
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Definition
| Extends and ADducts the hand at the wrist joint. |
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Term
| Actions of Flexor carpi radialis? |
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Definition
| Flexes and abducts hand at wrist. |
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Term
| Actions of Flexor carpi ulnaris? |
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Definition
| Flexes and adducts hand at wrist. |
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Term
| What is the significance of the TFCC (Triangular fibrocartilage complex)? |
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Definition
| The TFCC is the bundle of ligaments and meniscus between the radius, ulna, and triquetrium. Dr Scott mentioned she had several pts with FOOSH injuries that had injured the TFCC. |
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Term
| In a pt with an INCREASED carrying angle, what direction do you expect the wrist to move? Olecranon? Distal ulnar? |
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Definition
| ADduction, ADduction, ABduction |
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Term
| Dermatome level on lateral aspect of arm? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dermatome level on lateral aspect of FOREarm? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dermatome at tip of third digit? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dermatome level on medial aspect of FOREarm? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dermatome level on medial aspect of arm? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ulnar n. entrapment most commonly occurs at what anatomical landmark? |
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Definition
| Posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Compression (cubital tunnel syndrome) may cause numbness and tingling along the medial part of the palm/digits. Ulnar n. injury --> motor and sensory loss to hand with impaird wrist ADduction. |
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Term
| What are the 4 P's describing the function of Facia? |
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Definition
| Packaging, Protection, Posture, Passageways. |
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Term
| Medial epicondylitis is known colloquially as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral epicondylitis is known colloquially as what? |
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Definition
| Tennis elbow. Think laTEral = TEnnis. |
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Term
| Describe a Colles' fracture. |
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Definition
| Extension fracture of the distal radius ("Dinner fork"). |
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Term
| Describe a Smith's fracture. |
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Definition
| Flexion fracture of the distal radius. |
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Term
| Lateral epicondylitis is the result of what? |
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Definition
| Overuse of the forewarm muscles in rotation of the arm and extension of the wrist. (Racquet sports, turning screwdriver, painting, direct blow to lateral elbow) |
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Term
| What would action can you use in office to precipitate pain in a pt with lateral epicondylitis? |
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Definition
| Have the pt grab the back of a chair and try to lift it. Lifting, with the palm down will increase pain referring to the elbow. |
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Term
| T/F: In the initial stages of carpal tunnel syndrome, the Tinel sign and phalen test are always positive. |
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Definition
| False. This pain/paresthesia is transient. Thus the tests MAY or MAY NOT be positive. |
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Term
| Pt presents with late stage symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. What do you see on inspection? |
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Definition
| Atrophy of the thenar eminence. Weakness of thumb. Weak grip or DIFFICULTY CARRYING BAGS. |
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Term
| T/F: in the late stages of carpal tunnel syndrome, Tinel sign, Phalen test, and reverse Phalen test are all positive. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: pain from carpal tunnel syndrome is localized to the hand, specifically the thenar eminence. |
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Definition
| F. Pain may radiate up the arm to the elbow or higher. |
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Term
| Which of the following are unlikely reasons for bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome? Hypothyroidism, Poor posture, Diabetes mellitus, Pregnancy, Leukemia, Poor ergonomics at work, Gout |
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Definition
| Poor posture and poor ergonomics should only cause unilateral CTS |
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Term
| What OMM can be done to improve brachial plexus function? |
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Definition
| Remove cervical somatic dysfunctions, and remove myofascial restriction in UE. |
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Term
| How can you reduce sympathetic tone with OMM? |
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Definition
| Correct upper thoracic and rib dysfunctions. |
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