Term
| Be able to think your way through the history of the OT through OT Sections 1-6, as captured on page one of the OT Section #7 notes. |
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Definition
God, as the great creator, forms the earthand the first humans to rule over it (Genesis 1-2).
Because of human sin and rebellion, sincorrupts the earth and the human race, causing God to limit the effects of sin(Genesis 3-11).
God chose to bless Abraham and his descendants(Israel), and to use Israel to defeat sin and to bring blessing to all thenations (Genesis 12:1-3). |
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Term
| Be able to think your way through the history of the OT through OT Sections 1-6, as captured on page one of the OT Section #7 notes. |
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Definition
| God forms Abraham’s descendants into anation by (1) delivering the people from Egypt (Exodus 1-18), (2) legislatingthe laws and constitution for the nation (Exodus 19-24, Leviticus,Deuteronomy), (3) establishing His presence in the midst of the nation throughthe tabernacle (Exodus 25-40), and (4) powerfully conquering the land Hepromised to them as the possession of Israel (Joshua 1-12). |
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Term
| Beable to think your way through the history of the OT through OT Sections 1-6,as captured on page one of the OT Section #7 notes. |
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Definition
| screw this. just look at the notes. haha it's WAY TOO LONG. |
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Term
| Describe the three returns from exile of the Jews to their homeland – dates, people, and purpose for returning. |
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Definition
538: Zerubbabel led the first group back fromexile.
458: Ezra the priest leads the second groupback from exile.
444: Nehemiah leads the third group back fromexile. |
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Term
| What do we know about the author of Ezra? When do the events of Ezra take place? |
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Definition
| Was a priest and scribe of the law/ 450 B.C. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of Ezra? What is the climactic event in Ezra (Ezra 9-10)? |
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Definition
Purpose: To encourage the remnant to depend on God completely, shown through temple worship and obedience to the law.
Climatic Event:When the people dissolve their sinful marriages to foreigners in order to dedicate themselves to service to God |
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Term
| Why are the first exiles allowed to return to Judah? Why does Cyrus let them go? What prophets are probably influencing Cyrus? |
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Definition
| Cyrus allowed them, probably a result of prophetic activity. Daniel/Isaiah |
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Term
| In Ezra 3:10-13, how do the people respond when the Temple foundation is laid? What happens to the work after the foundation is done? What spurs the Jews to finish the Temple? |
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Definition
-The priests and Levites rejoice with a great shout, yet the old men weep because the temple is nothing compared to the glory of Solomon’s temple.
-The work on the foundation is stopped for a number of different reasons.
-The Jews finish the Temple after they receive the encouragement provided by Haggai and Zechariah from the Lord and after the Passover is celebrated. |
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Term
What two prophets motivate Cyprus?
What are their purposes? |
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Definition
Haggai: to motivate the returned exiles to rebuild the temple where God’s presence will establish the nation’s glory
Zechariah: a priest, born in Babylon/ to motivate the Jews to trust God by tracing the kingdom’s growth from small beginnings to an all-overcoming global reign. |
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Term
| Why does Haggai deliver his first prophecy in chapter 1? How do the Jews respond to him? |
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Definition
-He rebukes the Jews for letting the Temple’s repairs lay idle.
-The Jews respond by saying “The time has not yet come.” |
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Term
| Why does Haggai offer three prophecies to the exiles after they restart work on the Temple? What does he describe in those three messages in chapter 2? |
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Definition
· The glory of the future temple (2:1-9).
· God’s blessing returning to Judah (2:10-19).
· The reign of the Messiah over the earth |
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Term
| Why is it vital that Zechariah confirms the messages of the pre-exile prophets? |
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Definition
| It confirms the promises of God, showing that He is always faithful and they intend to motivate the nation to trust God by describing God’s judgment coming against the nations as He establishes Jerusalem. |
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Term
| What vision in Zechariah 2 is central to the section of chapters 1-6? |
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Definition
| That Jerusalem is rebuilt and magnified |
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Term
| What is the setting of Zechariah’s four messages (chapters 7-8)? What does the climactic fourth message teach? |
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Definition
-Setting:People come from Bethel to ask if they should continue to mourn and fast each year in memory of the Temple’s destruction in 586.
-Climatic Fourth Message:
1. Their fasts will be turned into feasts of celebration because God’s blessing returns.
2. All of the nations will seek God in Jerusalem. |
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Term
| What is the content of Zechariah's two visions in chapters 9-14? What do we learn about the Messiah in these two visions? |
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Definition
| Messiah’s rejection and glory. Rejected Savior and triumphant King |
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Term
| In the second vision, describe the vision’s first and second stages? What is the result? |
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Definition
First Stage:God will overthrow the nations and the Jews will come to faith in their deliverer, the Messiah.
Second Stage: Jerusalem is in conflict until Messiah appears at the Mount of Olives and Messiah destroys His enemies.
Result: God is Lord alone.The people of God live in peace. |
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Term
| In Ezra 7-13, how does Ezra respond to the news of the exiles marrying Gentiles? Why is it such a big deal? |
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Definition
Leading Ezra to enter into mourning and prayer.
It is against God’s law (will lose God's blessing) |
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Term
| What does the nation do in response to Ezra? What does the shocking action of the nation say about Judah's priorities? |
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Definition
- They dissolve their marriages with the Gentiles.
- Eventhe sanctity of marriage is not as important as the nation remaining separate from their Gentile neighbors- it is their only hope of survival and blessing. |
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Term
| What three things are true at the end of Ezra? |
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Definition
Two groups of exiles havereturned
The temple is rebuilt
People recommit to the covenant |
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Term
| What do we know about the author of 1-2 Chronicles? |
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Definition
| The author of 1-2 Chronicles is unknown. Jewish tradition points to Ezra the priest. |
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Term
| What events and their dates span the books of 1-2 Chronicles? |
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Definition
| The events of the book run from the death of Saul (about 1030),to the decree of Cyrus (2 Chronicles 36) to rebuild the Temple in about 530. |
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Term
| How does 1-2 Chronicles relate to and overlap 1-2 Samuel and 1-2 Kings? When is 1-2 Chronicles written, in relation to 1-2 Samuel and 1-2 Kings? |
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Definition
- The author uses several ancient sources to write all the books and all books cover the same historical period.
- 1-2Chronicles was written much later than the other books, in the mid-400s. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of 1-2 Chronicles? What are the four major sections of 1-2 Chronicles? |
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Definition
To persuade thereestablished nation to worship God at the temple following the priest’ sleadership. Genealogy: (1 Chronicles1-9).
David: Preparation for theTemple (1 Chronicles 10-29).
Solomon: the Temple Built(2 Chronicles 1-9).
Southern Kings: Temple Worship Survives (2 Chronicles 10-36). |
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Term
| In what sense is 1-2 Chronicles an “historical polemic?” Why does the author review Israel’s history? How does he use David, Solomon, and the times of the kings of Judah to argue his message (three ways)? |
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Definition
-Urges people to devote themselves to worshiping God at the Temple because it is their only hope and survival
-The Chronicler uses this history as thereason to persuade the returned exiles to remain devoted to God and Templeworship.
Three ways:
1. David’sefforts to bring the Ark to Jerusalem
2. Preparingfor the construction of the Temple under King Solomon
3. Preparingthe worship leadership |
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Term
| What events in the lives of David and Solomon did the Chronicler omit from 1-2 Chronicles? Why did he omit these events? |
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Definition
| The chronicler does not record David’s sin with Bathsheba and the civil war with Absalom. By showing that David is Israel's greatest king, devoted to God and the Temple even before it was built. |
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Term
| What does Jehoiada the priest illustrate about leadership in the nation after the exile? |
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Definition
| Jehoiada is an example of the increasing importanceof the priests in Judah. As long asJehoiada is alive, Joash serves God. After Jehoiada’s death, Joash wanders from God, even killing Zechariah,Jehoiada’s son. |
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Term
| Why does the author include the decree of Cyrus at the end of 1-2 Chronicles? What is the message and what are the readers challenged to do? |
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Definition
To rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem.
The past devotion to God’s Temple has lead the blessing no matter how bad the people’s sin had become. Now will the present generation do the same after Cyrus gave them their chance. |
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Term
| What do we know about the author of Nehemiah? |
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Definition
| He writes most of the book in first person narrative. |
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Term
| When do the events of Nehemiah take place? |
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Definition
| The events of the book surround the third return of exiles from Babylon under the leadership of Nehemiah in 444, 14 years after Ezra’s return. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of Nehemiah? What two events stand out in the book? |
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Definition
Purpose: To explain the obedient response ofthe people to God’s faithful restoration of Jerusalem.
Two Events:
1. Jerusalem’s walls are rebuilt under God’s guidance and protection.
2. People respond by rededicating themselves to keep the covenant with God. |
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Term
| What two things does Nehemiah do in response to the report on Jerusalem in Nehemiah 1-2? |
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Definition
He prays (Nehemiah 1:4-11)
He acts, he asks Artixerxes if he can return to Jerusalem risking his life (Nehemiah 2:1-2) |
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Term
| Why does Nehemiah return to Judah with the exiles in 444 B.C.? Why do they accomplish their mission in 52 days, according to Nehemiah’s own words? |
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Definition
| To rebuild the walls. God was with them. With the words of God and what the king had spoken, the people rose up and they were strengthened their hands for good work. |
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Term
| In Nehemiah 8-12, how do the people respond to the reading of the Law in chapter 8? |
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Definition
-Weeping and Mourning
-Confessing their sins
-Signing their names to pledge to keep the covenant
-Resetting Jerusalem |
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Term
What three things are true at the close of Nehemiah?
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Definition
1. The exiles (all three groups) have returned from Babylon.
2. Judah and Jerusalem are starting to get on their feet (getting established).
3. The people commit to keep the covenant. |
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Term
| What do we know about the author and date of Esther? |
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Definition
| Unknown author. Possibly Ezra or Nehemiah. Between 483-473. |
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Term
| What are the unique characteristics of Esther? What conclusion have some scholars made about the book and its Jewish characters because of these unique features? |
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Definition
1. There is no mention of God, the law, sacrifices, or prayer.
2. Esther is never quoted in the New Testament or found in the Dead Sea scrolls. It was slow to be accepted into the Old Testament canon.
3. Mortechai and Esther seem to lack any depth of spirituality. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of Esther? What is the foundation covenant for the book?Why? |
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Definition
Purpose: to demonstrate God’s faithful preservation of the Jews
Foundation: the covenant with Abraham where God promises to bless and to protect the Jews –through Esther, God keeps the Jews from being destroyed. |
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Term
| What is the key text in Esther and what does it show about God's working? |
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Definition
-Key text is Esther 4:13-14
-God’s providence is present and God is guiding events tohis intended outcomes. |
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Term
| What two things have we learned from Esther at the close of the book |
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Definition
| The Jews, even if they are in unbelief and disobedience, are protected by God; the message to the nations is God can be trusted to protect his people. |
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Term
| What do we know about the author and date of Malachi? |
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Definition
| Nothing is known about the prophet or his family. He probably wrote in the mid-400’s because his description of the conditions in Judah fit about 450. |
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Term
| What writing style is distinctive to Malachi? |
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Definition
| Series of six debates-God accuses, people question, God proves accusations. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of Malachi? |
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Definition
| To revive the Jews' devotion to God by declaring the coming presence of the Messiah |
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Term
| In what three ways has the Jews’ devotion to God lapsed in Malachi? |
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Definition
| By offering poor sacrifices. Intermarrying with Gentiles and divorcing. Refusing to support the priests, God's servants. |
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Term
| What warning surrounds the “day of the Lord” in Malachi 3? Who precedes the coming of the Lord? What does he do? |
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Definition
-When God comes, they may face His wrath because of their hard hearts.
-His messenger
-The messenger will prepare the hearts of the people, so they are not destroyed by the Lord’s coming. |
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Term
| What three major points have we learned about God, humans, and God’s plans in the OT this semester? |
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Definition
| God is great, magnified, primarily seen as holy, loving and faithful. Humanity is proven guilty. God's plan will continue to march forward. |
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Term
| What three ideas describe God’s plan in the OT? What three things has God done to accomplish that plan? What now remains before the appearance of Messiah? |
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Definition
Three Ideas:
1. Bless the earth through Israel.
2. Established a special family of blessing
3. God has set the conditions for renewal
Three Things God has Done:
1. Disciplined their waywardness
2. Promised forgiveness and changed hearts through the Messiah
3. Predicted His triumph over sin to rule His everlasting kingdom
-The Jews await the fulfillment of God’s promises.
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Term
| What judgment falls on Judah because of the evil of Manasseh? |
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Definition
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Term
| What king leads in great revival after Manasseh? What does he do? What discovery starts it all? As a result, how does God change the judgment coming to Judah? |
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Definition
Josiah.
Repairs the temple.
Discovers the law in the temple (Deuteronomy)
God delays it but doesn't relent. |
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Term
| Be able to think your way through the political background of the period of OT Section #6, including Judah, Assyria, Babylon, and Egypt. |
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Definition
| Assyria remains a great power into the 600s and repeatedly attacks Judah and extorts money from the kings. Assyria is overcome by the rise of Babylon and its king Nabopolassar. Nineveh is destroyed by Babylon (Chaldeans). Egypt looks to expand, Pharaoh Neco kills Josiah. Babylon defeats Egypt. Daniel take into exile, Judah becomes vassal state. Later, Egypt defeats Babylon and Judah allies with Egypt. Babylon defeats Jerusalem, plunders it and takes captives. Judah rebels and Nebuchadnezzar destroys Jerusalem and the temple, taking all the people but the poorest. |
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Term
| What do we know about the prophets Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah? What are the dates for each book and to whom are they written? |
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Definition
Prophets to Judah.
Nahum: 663 - 654.
Habakkuk: 630 - 605.
Zephaniah: 622 - 612. |
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Term
What are the purposes of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah?
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Definition
Nahum: to comfort Judah by predicting Assyria's fall, showing God's justice.
Habakkuk: to motivate Judah to forsake their sin and trust God through coming disasters.
Zephaniah: to challenge Judah to humble repentance as God's day of wrath toward all nations come. |
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Term
| How do the messages of Nahum and Jonah relate to each other? What do they tell us about God's compassion and justice? How then should we pray for oppressed people? |
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Definition
Both deal with Assyria.
Nineveh repents and is spared (Jonah), then Nineveh's sin is punished (Nahum).
Seek God's mercy to be seen by all people, even the worst (Jonah). Seek God's justice to cover the earth so the abused and oppressed are protected (Nahum). |
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Term
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Definition
1. God will use the Chaldeans to discipline Judah.
2. The proud and self-sufficient ones, epitomized in Babylon, cannot save themselves from God's wrath.
3. God is the King of the earth, about to subdue everything under His rule.
Only those depending on God will survive God's coming wrath. |
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Term
| What phrase does Zephaniah borrow from Joel as the theme of his book? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Gather together, seek righteousness and humility, and then they will be spared. |
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Term
| What do we know about the prophet Jeremiah? |
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Definition
| Son of Hilkiah (high priest who found the law), a Levitical priest from Anathoth, active prophet for 41 years. Starts during Josiah's 13th year of his reign. |
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Term
| What are the textual issues related to the Greek and Hebrew versions of Jeremiah? |
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Definition
| Hebrew version was first composed, is longer. Later changed by translators. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of Jeremiah? |
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Definition
| To proclaim God's judgement toward His faithless people and the nations, yet with the hope of a lasting future restoration. |
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Term
| What two attitudes characterize the Jews when Jeremiah is active as a prophet? In response, what does Jeremiah proclaim about God? |
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Definition
| They hold superficially to the forms of religious ritual (formalism). Yet they continue to practice things hateful to God, including idolatry. |
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Term
| What two responses does Jeremiah give to Gentiles who may be tempted to look on at Judah's discipline with amusement? |
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Definition
| 1. God's wrath is coming to the Gentile nations, especially those who have persecuted Judah. 2. A new covenant will restore the nation (Judah) and give them a new heart to obey. |
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Term
| How does God reassure Jeremiah in chapter 1, in light of his difficult task to be a prophet of doom to Judah (two ways)? |
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Definition
| Everything is planned by God in advance and that God will be there to protect Jeremiah. |
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Term
| How is Judah pictured in Jeremiah 3, in light of her sister Israel? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three points does Jeremiah make from the Temple steps in chapters 7-10,according to Walt Kaiser? |
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Definition
1. Attendance at the temple is no substitute for repentance.
2. Observance of religious acts is not substitute for obedience.
3. Possession of God's Word is no substitute for responding to what God's Word says. |
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Term
| What is the climactic message of doom offered in Jeremiah 25? What will happen to Judah? For how long? |
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Definition
| Because Judah has not listened, they are going off to exile. |
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Term
| How do the priests and prophets respond to Jeremiah's warnings? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Jeremiah challenge King Zedekiah to do in chapter 27, in light of Babylon's first two plunderings of Judah? How does Hananiah the prophet respond? What is God’s response to Hananiah? |
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Definition
To submit to Nebuchadnezzar.
He gives a false prophecy and says that Nebuchadnezzar will be defeated in two years.
Judah will go to Babylon and Hananiah will die. |
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Term
| How do those already exiled to Babylon respond to Jeremiah's letter to them? |
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Definition
| They also reject his message and want to do harm to him. |
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Term
| What features of the New Covenant did we study in Jeremiah 30-33? |
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Definition
| God promises forgiven sin and changed hearts. The Messiah governs the new covenant age. |
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Term
| Why are the Gentile nations judged, according to Jeremiah 46-51? Is the judgment justified? |
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Definition
God will bring justice to all of the nations, reaping wages of sin, especially those who have abused His people.
It is shown to be deserved and never excessive. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of Jeremiah 52? |
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Definition
| Substantiates from another source that all that Jeremiah predicted came true and it vindicates the prophet. |
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Term
| What are the circumstances around the writing of Lamentations? |
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Definition
| Jerusalem just fell and Jeremiah is taken to Egypt. |
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Term
What is a "limping meter?" What is the emotional result of this kind of meter in Lamentations?
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Definition
Second line of a verse has one less beat than the first line.
Gives incomplete feeling to the reader. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of Lamentations? |
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Definition
| To grieve over the wages of sin and to call for God to deliver His people from their suffering. |
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Term
| In what way are Lamentations and Deuteronomy 28 the "theological bookends" of the OT history of Israel? |
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Definition
| Deuteronomy predicts calamity if the nation does not keep the covenant/law and Lamentations marks the calamity after they haven't obeyed. |
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Term
| What is the basis of hope for restoration in the midst of despair in Lamentations? |
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Definition
| Along with delivering wrath, God has promised restoration. |
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Term
| How did the professor summarize the 600’s in Judah? The 500’s in Judah? |
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Definition
Judah is in captivity and the temple is destroyed because they broke the covenant but hope remains for restoration.
Two prophets--Ezekiel and Daniel--give the history of the period. Judah is in captivity, humiliated by the destruction of the temple and Jerusalem. |
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Term
| Who are the exile prophets? What do we know about both of them? |
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Definition
| Ezekiel and Daniel. Ezekiel: prophet and priest during Jehoiachin's 5th year of exile. Daniel: part of royal family, taken to Babylon with first group of exiles. |
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Term
| How does Ezekiel's message change when he learns of Jerusalem's destruction? |
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Definition
| His message changes to the future hope of restoration for the Jews. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of Ezekiel? |
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Definition
| To proclaim God's glory to the disobedient nation explaining God's judgement and the coming kingdom. |
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Term
| What two attitudes are needed by the Jews at the time when Ezekiel writes? |
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Definition
| Humility, enough to repent and hope, enough to trust God. |
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Term
| In what sense does all of Ezekiel revolve around what happens in chapter 1? |
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Definition
| God's holiness explains His anger and God's majesty explains the awesome kingdom coming after the times of desolation. |
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Term
| What two prophets focus the most on the establishment of God's kingdom at the end of time? Why do they focus on this topic so much? |
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Definition
Ezekiel and Daniel.
God's plan is not done; glory is on the way. |
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Term
| What two audiences is Ezekiel writing to in chapters 1-24? |
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Definition
| The Jews with himself in exile and the Jews who remain in Judah who refuse to repent. |
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Term
| What is Ezekiel's role for the nation, according to Ezekiel 3:16-21? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Ezekiel see in the Temple in chapter 8? What is God’s response? |
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Definition
The sins of the people, idols carved in the temple walls. Women pray with tears and men ignore God as they worship the sun.
He will show no mercy. |
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Term
| What is the climactic vision of Ezekiel in chapter 25? How do we understand the symbolism of what happened as it relates to the destruction of Jerusalem? |
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Definition
Ezekiel's wife dies.
The destruction will affect all inhabitants, no one untouched to help. |
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Term
| How does Ezekiel describe God's restoration of the nation in chapters 40-46? |
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Definition
| Jerusalem is rebuilt with a new temple, God's glory returns to fill the temple, and the people now serve God with changed hearts. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of Daniel? What sub-purpose did we also identify? |
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Definition
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Term
| What common theme about God, related to the book’s purpose, is repeated in the stories of Daniel 1-6? How is God's power displayed in Daniel 1-6? |
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Definition
God's power is displayed.
Interpreting Nebuchadnezzar's dream, the fiery furnace, Nebuchadnezzar is humbled, Belshazzar is overthrown for defiling. |
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Term
| What two approaches does Babylon use to try to assimilate Daniel and the Hebrew youth into Chaldean culture? |
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Definition
| Subtlety and direct with King's food and worship idol or die. |
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Term
How does Daniel 9:24-27 describe coming events for Israel?
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Definition
| They will return to Judah. Jerusalem rebuilt and the Messiah will come later, eventually cut off. |
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Term
| Who is the “prince who is to come” in Daniel 9:24-27? What does he do? What two characters in human history fit who he is? What future character is also pictured in the “Abomination of Desolation?” |
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Definition
He establishes peace and then desecrates the temple.
Antiochus Epiphanes and Titus and Romans
Anti-christ |
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Term
| What is the impact of all the specific prophecies in Daniel? What does it tell us about God? |
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Definition
Critics think it was written after the events occurred.
He is in control of all; He knows and controls the future |
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Term
| What four statements summarize OT Section #6? |
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Definition
1. Judah is exiled and the temple is destroyed.
2. God warned through prophets but people don't care.
3. Even in disgrace the promises remain. God is not finished with His people.
4. The promises revolve around the Messiah's appearing. |
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