Term
| Explain why studying the Prophets is important. |
|
Definition
| 1/4 of all Scripture is prophecy, prophets contribute enormously to doctrinal study, prophets demonstrate God’s use of human resources, the prophet’s message is relevant to today’s church and word. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the prophetic ministry. |
|
Definition
| A precedent, person, purpose, procedure, protection for this ministry. |
|
|
Term
| Give the book and chapter where the prophetic ministry is explained. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe what a prophet "is." |
|
Definition
| A prophet is a person with authority who is raised up by the LORD from among the people. |
|
|
Term
| Explain two lessons we can learn from the prophets' ministry. |
|
Definition
| We learn what we should do with God’s word, we enjoy conviction of truth based on God’s word, and we learn that our ability to speak for God is proportional to our fear of God. |
|
|
Term
| Categorize the prophets by their "locations." |
|
Definition
| Five - Gentile (Jonah, Nahum, Obadiah), pre-exile Israel (Joel, Amos, Hosea), pre-exile Judah (Isaiah, Micah, Zephaniah, Habakkuk, Jeremiah), exile (Babylon/Persia) (Ezekiel, Daniel), reconstruction period (Judah) (Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi). |
|
|
Term
| Categorize the prophets by the century in which they ministered. |
|
Definition
8th Cent - Jonah, Amos, Obadiah, Hosea, Isaiah, & Micah.
7th Cent - Zephaniah, Habakkuk, Jeremiah, Joel, Nahum.
Exile - Ezekiel & Daniel
Reconstruction - Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the great sins that each prophet addressed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Write a brief description of each major prophet's political setting. |
|
Definition
Isaiah - Israel fell to Assyrians under his ministry in Judah. Under Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah. 8th Century.
Jeremiah - Jerusalem was destroyed and then captured. Under Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, Zedekiah, Gedaliah. 7th Century.
Daniel - Babylon gave special deportees training. Served under Nebuchadnezzar (Babylon) ... during the exile.
Ezekiel - Babylon was deporting people from their land to Babylon. Started under Josiah, and ended up in Babylon with Nebuchadnezzar. |
|
|
Term
| Describe each major prophet in a way that identifies him and distinguishes him from any other person. |
|
Definition
Isaiah - His name means "Yahweh is salvation" and his children he named "Signs and Wonders."
Jeremiah - God told him not to marry or have children.
Daniel - He became one of the premiere leaders in Babylon during both the Babylonian and Persian exile.
Ezekiel - He was both a priest and prophet. |
|
|
Term
| Describe each major prophet's call to ministry. |
|
Definition
Isaiah - He saw God in all his holiness, and offered to go for him.
Jeremiah - He hears the Lord as a priest.
Daniel - Was faithful amidst the exile - he had visions and was told to record.
Ezekiel - Was a minister when Jerusalem fell, God called him to his prophetic ministry in 30th year. |
|
|
Term
| Summarize the major message each major prophet proclaimed. |
|
Definition
| Isaiah proclaimed God's impending judgment as well as the hope for salvation. Jeremiah proclaimed that God would judge if repentance did not occur, but if they did, blessings would come. Ezekiel said that the Temple and Jerusalem would be destroyed "that they may know that I am the Lord." ... Daniel proclaimed that God had not lost control of the world. |
|
|
Term
| Name the political settings for the minor pre-exile prophets. |
|
Definition
| Pre-Exilic prophets prophesied against the wickedness of both Judah and Israel before they were carried off and put in exile. They lived under Israel’s kings (Jehoahaz, Jeoash, Joash; Shallum, Menahem, Pekah, Uzziah, and Jeroboam) and battled against them and the false prophets. |
|
|
Term
| Name the particular sins addressed by Amos and by Hosea. |
|
Definition
| Hosea – idolatry, Amos – injustice. |
|
|
Term
| Describe Amos' and Hosea's situations and how their prophetic messages were delivered. |
|
Definition
Amos - Instead of honouring the Sabbath year and the year of Jubilee, the rich were impoverishing the poor. Amos' message promised a better life for those who obey God's word.
Hosea - the people were idolatrous. God used Hosea's wife who was a ho to show Israel's adultery. Hosea proclaimed God's judgment if the people would not change. |
|
|
Term
| State and explain the major theme of both Amos and Hosea. |
|
Definition
Amos - love others as God has told you in the Law. Love your neighbor as yourself.
Hosea - love God alone as God has told you in the Law. Love God with your heart, soul, mind, and strength. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the political/religious setting for the minor post-exile prophets. |
|
Definition
| Post-exile prophets were in the midst of different cultures and other religious environments, whether in Persia or in post-exilic, restoration-period Judah in Jerusalem. |
|
|
Term
| Name the particular issue by Haggai and Zechariah. |
|
Definition
| Lack of effort in rebuilding the temple. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the differences in situation between Haggai/Zechariah and Malachi. |
|
Definition
| Haggai and Zechariah focused on rebuilding the temple (520), Malachi addressed the sins explained in Nehemiah (433). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psalms and Song of Solomon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes. |
|
|
Term
| Explain what each wisdom book contributes to the Biblical message. |
|
Definition
| Proverbs provides advice for skillful living. Job addresses a question that requires great wisdom to grapple with. Ecclesiastes explores the folly of defining wisdom from a completely human perspective. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the major characteristic of Hebrew Poetry. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define and be able to recognize four types of Parallelism. |
|
Definition
| There are four – synonymous, antithetic, synthetic, and climactic. Synonymous – the second line of the verse repeats the thought expressed in the first line. Antithetic – the second line of the verse is set in contrast to the first line. Synthetic is incomplete parallelism where the first line is completed in the second (comparison or reasoning). Climactic – the lines proceed step-by-step to a climax of thought. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the purpose of Proverbs and the broader wisdom literature. |
|
Definition
| The purpose of Proverbs is to help others gain wisdom and instruction – to help people understand words of insight. Basically Proverbs 1. |
|
|
Term
| Discuss authorship of the Proverbs. |
|
Definition
| Proverbs is attributed to Solomon, but there are other authors credited within it. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the relationship between Proverbs and Ecclesiastes as explained in class. |
|
Definition
| Proverbs says that life is manageable, predictable, and fair – practical, theological, and optimistic. Ecclesiastes says that things cannot be understood – speculative, secular, and skeptical. Will not gain/know vs. cannot gain/know. |
|
|
Term
| Explain what the title of "Psalms" refers to. |
|
Definition
| Psalms refers to the “praises” within. |
|
|
Term
| Describe religious lyric poetry. |
|
Definition
| Religious lyric poetry is emotional – containing the full array of human emotions. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the sometimes earthy and militaristic language used in the psalms. |
|
Definition
| Earthy language exists because Israel’s people were farmers and shepherds. It is also militaristic because they were often at war. |
|
|
Term
| Discuss authorship of the psalms and explain why we don't attribute all the psalms to David. |
|
Definition
| We don’t attribute all of the psalms to David because other psalms are credited to others. |
|
|
Term
| Describe how the Psalter was formed. |
|
Definition
| Four stages – poems were written, poems were gathered, collections were formed into five books, final editor collected books into single volume. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the "Go/No-Go" idea of Genesis 1 and the rest of the Bible. |
|
Definition
| If you do not take as authoritative the statement that God is the creator, you cannot read and understand the Bible as it was intended. |
|
|
Term
| Reproduce the OT books by category. |
|
Definition
Poetry and Wisdom - Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon.
Color Books - Job, Leviticus, Deuteronomy, Ruth, 1 and 2 Chronicles, Esther.
Chronology Books - Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings, EEEEEXILLLLLEE, Ezra, Nehemiah.
Prophetic - 8th Century (Micah, Nahum, Jeremiah, Zephaniah, Zechariah) ... 7th Century (Amos, Hosea, Isaiah, Joel, Haggai) ... Exile Prophets (Ezekiel, Daniel) ... Post-Exile (Obadiah, Zachariah, Malachi). |
|
|
Term
| Name and explain any 3 of 8 reasons given for why people don't study the Old Testament. |
|
Definition
1. Unfamiliar religious practices - the use of sacrifice and temple worship, confuses and grosses people out.
2. Unfamiliar culture - no slaves or understanding of culture of conquest.
3. Uncomfortable theology - people are uncomfortable with a jealous or violent God. |
|
|
Term
| Name and explain any 3 of the 16 reasons given for why we SHOULD study the Old Testament. |
|
Definition
1. All scripture is profitable for life. Nothing unprofitable.
2. It was important enough to Paul to use the Scriptures to defend Christianity.
3. We can use OT theology to understand the coming of Christ and its significance. |
|
|
Term
| Name and explain two questions Genesis DOES and DOES NOT focus on in creation. |
|
Definition
DOES: Who and why.
DOESN'T: When and how. |
|
|
Term
| State and explain two challenges to Mosaic Authorship of the Pentateuch. |
|
Definition
1. Anachronisms.
2. Illogical statements coming from Moses. |
|
|
Term
Give dates for:
Abraham moved to Canaan.
The Exodus.
Beginning of Israel's Kingdom.
End of the Old Testament. |
|
Definition
1. Prehistory ... 2100 BC
2. Exodus ... 1500-1400 BC
3. Beginning ... 1375-1050 BC
4. End of the OT ... ~400 BC |
|
|
Term
| Name the five books of the Pentateuch and the purpose or theme of each. |
|
Definition
Genesis - God creates, book of beginnings.
Exodus - God delivers his people, book of salvation.
Leviticus - God seeks holiness, book of expected standards.
Numbers - God maintains covenant, book of wanderings.
Deuteronomy - God holds second generation responsible, book of repetition and re-establishment. |
|
|
Term
| List two reasons for accepting Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch. |
|
Definition
1. OT references outside the Pentateuch for Mosaic authorship.
2. In Jesus' day, Mosaic authorship was accepted. |
|
|
Term
| Reproduce Genesis' two-part outline. |
|
Definition
Beginning of it all - Prehistory (1-11)... Creation (1-2), Fall and Result (3-4), Flood & Rebellion (5-11).
Beginning of Israel - The Patriarchs (12-50) .. Abraham (12-25), Isaac (21-27), Jacob (28-37), Joseph (38-50). |
|
|
Term
| Name the three options Genesis 1:1 offers for explanations of creation. |
|
Definition
1. Existing material and God organized it.
2. There was nothing and God created all matter - ex nihilo.
3. There were huge periods of time between steps of creation - Gap theory. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the difference between the creation accounts of Genesis 1 and 2. Include at least two specific differences in your explanation. |
|
Definition
| The order of creation is different, specifically the grouping of Adam and Eve's creation. Genesis 1 focuses on the creation of the cosmos, emphasizing the Powerful God, dealing with generalities. Genesis 2 focuses on creation of humanity, emphasizing the Personal God, and deals in specifics. |
|
|
Term
| Genesis 1:2 states that the earth was "tohu" and "bohu" - formless and empty. The days of creation show how God addressed these two facts. Name what God created on each day of creation. |
|
Definition
| TOHU - Days 1-3. Light, sea/sky, fertile earth. BOHU - Days 4-6. Sun/moon, creatures for sea/sky, creatures for fertile earth (including man). |
|
|
Term
| Name and explain the three points about the Imago Dei. |
|
Definition
1. Humans have capacity to communication with God.
2. Humans have the responsibility to steward the earth.
3. Humans are made equal, male and female. |
|
|
Term
| What was Satan's three-part strategy to mislead Eve? |
|
Definition
1. Raise doubts about clarity of God's will.
2. Contradict God's words.
3. Raise doubts about God's goodness and motivations. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the phrase "Sin is crouching at the door." |
|
Definition
| Sin never takes a vacation - we are in a battle for our lives and hearts. |
|
|
Term
| Name three factors that shape how we date the exodus. |
|
Definition
1. Dates in the Bible - figurative or literal?
2. Naming of cities and dates.
3. External indications. |
|
|
Term
| Name the three parts of the Abrahamic Covenant. |
|
Definition
1. Land
2. Seed + Nation
3. Blessing |
|
|
Term
| Why is "authorship" of the Pentateuch a complicated question to discuss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give either Numbers' four-part structure or three-part structure. |
|
Definition
1. Census and Preparation to Depart (1-10)
2. From Sinai to Kadesh (10-14)
3. From Kadesh to Moab (15-25)
4. Preparation to enter Canaan (26-36) |
|
|
Term
| What two roles did the fire and the cloud play in Numbers? |
|
Definition
| Fire and cloud provided both guidance and direction, and served as manifestation of God's presence among the Israelites. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the role Deuteronomy plays in the Old Testament Narrative - include the Code of Deuteronomy and Deuteronomistic History in your explanation. |
|
Definition
| Deuteronomy serves as a second giving of the Law - God time and time again provided the covenant to his people. Thi cycle is a pattern marking Deuteronomistic history... if the people of God wouldn't follow God's commands, they were cursed, but if they did follow His commands, they enjoyed God's protection and blessing. Thus the Code of Deuteronomy. |
|
|
Term
| Name and explain Leviticus' Big Idea. |
|
Definition
| The Holy God requires worship from a holy people. |
|
|
Term
| Name and explain Leviticus' three major themes. |
|
Definition
1. Holiness is expected from a people of a holy God.
2. The Law is how people can remain holy before the Lord.
3. Sacrifice is used as worship and as a means of forgiveness for a sinful people. |
|
|
Term
| Name and state the focus of each of Israel's three categories of law. |
|
Definition
1. Moral law focused on one's personal life.
2. Civil law focused on what was right in society and politics.
3. Ceremonial law focused on what was right in religious practice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| God honours and rewards obedience to His will. |
|
|
Term
| Joshua's big idea is developed in a 4-part outline. Name those four logical movements in the book. No references needed. |
|
Definition
1. Preparation of the people
2. Taking the land
3. Division of the land
4. Joshua's charges |
|
|
Term
| What were the two parts of Joshua's code for success in his commission recorded in Joshua 1? |
|
Definition
1. God told him to be strong and courageous.
2. God told him this would all be hinged on Joshua obeying his word. |
|
|
Term
| What was the point of including Caleb's story in Joshua 14? |
|
Definition
| It illustrated the success that could occur when someone (Caleb) trusted God and obeyed Him by claiming the land and wiping out the inhabitants. |
|
|
Term
| What is Judge's Big Idea? |
|
Definition
| The perpetual failure to obey God allowed Israel to sink into anarchy. |
|
|
Term
| What role does Judges play in the Old Testament story? |
|
Definition
| Judges describes how Israel sank from a theocracy to a monarchy, and illustrates the consequences of disobedience. |
|
|
Term
| Name, and in one sentence each, explain the four-step cycle that recurs repeatedly in the central section of Judges? |
|
Definition
| First, Israel would sin, second, God provided war as judgment, third - Israel would cry out to the Lord in repentance. Fourth, God would respond and raise up a judge for their deliverance. Rinse, repeat. |
|
|
Term
| List any three characteristics of the judges' leadership. |
|
Definition
1. Local heroes.
2. Mostly military.
3. No dynasty. |
|
|
Term
| Describe either one of the two purposes we gave for Ruth's inclusion in the canon. |
|
Definition
| Ruth illustrates how God was faithful to those who chose to obey and trust Him - he offered this faithfulness to a Moabite woman. |
|
|
Term
| Explain why Israel wanted a king and include two specific reasons stated in 1 Samuel. |
|
Definition
| Israel became discontent with the use of judges - they didn't want Samuel anymore because he was old, and wanted a tangible leader in battle. |
|
|
Term
| Name at least three dangers Samuel gave Israel about having a monarchy. |
|
Definition
1. Draft.
2. Servitude.
3. Taxes. |
|
|
Term
| Give a simple chronology of David's early reign from 2 Samuel 5:4-5. |
|
Definition
| David was 30 when he became king, and he ruled in Judah for 7 years. Then the nation was united, and David ruled for 33 further years over the two - Israel and Judah united. |
|
|
Term
| Produce the 2-part outline of David's life given in 2 Samuel. |
|
Definition
David's Success (2 Samuel 1-10)
David's Descent (2 Samuel 11-24) |
|
|
Term
| State where the Davidic Covenant is found and explain its significance in Israel's history. |
|
Definition
| 2 Samuel 7 - it defined a new hope in the form of a promised Messiah, determining those who would rule over Israel. |
|
|
Term
| Name at least two specific promises the Davidic Covenant includes. |
|
Definition
1. The house would never end. Israel would last and still does today.
2. There would be an eternal ruler - thus the promise of a Messiah. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the significance of David moving the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem. |
|
Definition
| By moving the ark to Jerusalem, David united the political and religious focuses. The King ruled from the same place the focus of God's presence was. |
|
|
Term
| Explain why God judged Solomon. |
|
Definition
| Solomon allowed his heart to turn from the Lord, worshiping other gods. He despised the Lord's correction, dishonoured the Lord, and was judged accordingly. |
|
|
Term
| Describe God's judgment on Solomon and explain its influence on Israel's history. |
|
Definition
| God said he would take the throne from Solomon's hand, but there would be a portion that would stay. The judgment determined Israel's history - its split and the events after. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the sin of Jeroboam (what was it and why did he commit it?) |
|
Definition
| Jeroboam was afraid that those in the North would go to Jerusalem to worship - as they should have - and so created a system of idolatry in Dan and Bethel for worship of Yahweh. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the difference between Jeroboam's sin and Omri/Ahab's sin. |
|
Definition
| While Jeroboam introduced idolatry to allow the Northern tribes an opportunity to worship Yahweh, Omri/Ahab introduced Baal worship - it was idolatry of the worst degree. |
|
|
Term
| How was the Hezekiah/Isaiah relationship different from most king/prophet relationships? |
|
Definition
| It was the ideal relationship - Hezekiah and Isaiah cooperated, instead of being at odds. |
|
|
Term
| Explain "decline-not-event" as it relates to Israel's and Judah's downfalls. Give specific illustrations to explain your answer. |
|
Definition
| The nations around Israel and Judah slowly whittled down at the two nations' territories, influencing their religious and social practices. It was a gradual decline leading to the exile, not one drastic event. |
|
|
Term
| Name the nations that defeated Israel and Judah and give the date Israel and Judah fell to them. |
|
Definition
| Israel was defeated by Assyria in 722 BC, while Judah was defeated by Babylon in 586 BC. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the sequence of events in Judah's reconstruction under its three primary leaders. Include the leaders' names, the Start-Stop-Start process, and the people's revivals. |
|
Definition
| Under Zerubbabel, the Temple rebuilding started, but when opposition arose, they stopped. It took Haggai and Zechariah's encouragement and exhortation to get them to start again. Ezra came after a 58-year gap, preaching and calling the people to revival. By 444, Nehemiah had come, and seeing that the Jews were discouraged and disorganized, prompted them to rebuild the walls. Revival followed as the Jews realized how much God had enabled and protected them in this endeavor. |
|
|
Term
| Name and describe the six principles from God's Law that regulated Israel's economy. |
|
Definition
Responsibility - God owns everything, Israel as a steward.
Dependency - God is provider of all things and acts according to the Deuteronomic Code.
Prosperity - God intended prosperity and peace.
Equity - God intended for all his people to have sufficient material to live well.
Security - God built laws into legal code to maintain prosperity and equity.
Generosity - An essential part included generous sharing by those with additional resources when various conditions produced inequities. |
|
|
Term
| Discuss how these six principles protected Israel's citizens from financial ruin. |
|
Definition
| Each citizen was responsible to God (responsibility) and dependent on Him (dependency). God's part was to will prosperity (prosperity) sufficiently (equity), and maintained this with legal boundaries (security) that encouraged liberal giving (generosity). |
|
|
Term
| Relates these laws to the prophetic messages against injustice and social irresponsibility. |
|
Definition
| These laws ensured that even if the desire was not there in the people, the laws would still provide for the poor people. |
|
|
Term
| Explain what happened on the Sabbatical year and the Year of Jubilee and explain why it was important to Israel. |
|
Definition
| Sabbatical year was the year where the fields were let fallow. The Year of Jubilee was the same except it was when the original owners got back their land. It was both a spiritual, economic, and an agricultural sabbath - it was a way to trust God for His provision, the poor (and without land) got their land back, and the fields benefited from the rest. |
|
|
Term
| Relate the six principles of equity and justice to Israel's monarchy under Solomon and in the divided kingdom. |
|
Definition
| All of these principles were distorted in some way in the monarchy - responsibility/dependency through lack of permanent ownership. Prosperity was disparate. Corrupted legal systems distorted security, and the needy were oppressed. |
|
|
