Term
| What is apocalyptic literature? |
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Definition
| a genre of revelatory literature with a narrative framework, in which a revelation is mediated by an otherworldly being to a human recipient. |
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Term
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Definition
| a priest exiled in 597 (1st deportation); he was called to be a prophet in 593 by the river Chebar in Babylon - he had a Vision of Glory |
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Term
| What is Ezekial's message? |
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Definition
.Fall of Jerusalem (prophecies from 593-587)
- Brick painting - siege
- Lying down (left side - 390 days for Israel, right side - 40 days for Judah) |
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Term
| What is the reason for Jerusalem's fall? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does classical prophecy consist of? |
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Definition
| Preaching, local politics, individual events, rule of Yahweh over his people, Davidide, human agency, plain speech |
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Term
| What does Apocalyptics Prophecy consist of? |
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Definition
| Writing, cosmic message, universal history, world wide domain, Son of Man, divine intervention, symbolic visions |
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Term
| What are other characteristics of Apocalyptic literature? |
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Definition
| Periodization of history (man = metal, beasts = empires), dualism, end-time battle (hinted at), mythic elements (sea monsters, son of man in clouds : El and Baal ), heavenly mediators, anonymous or pseudonymous authorship |
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Term
| What books are apocalypses? |
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Definition
| Biblical: Daniel, Revelation; Extra-biblical: 1Enoch, 2 Enoch, 4 Ezra, 2 Baruch, 3 Baruch |
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Term
| What is the main message for apocalyptic literature? |
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Definition
| The kingdoms of this world will become the kingdom of God, and he will reign forever/eternally |
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Term
| Who was Alexander the Great? |
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Definition
| (334-323) – Pagan King. Left to conquer the world. Conquered many lands. However he died at the age of 33 from fever. He had no heir, and so his kingdom was divided among 4 of his generals. |
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Term
| Who were Alexander's successors? |
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Definition
| Cassander – Macedonia and Greece; Lysimachus – Thrace; Seleucus – Syria, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia; Ptolemy – Palestine, Egypt |
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Term
|
Definition
| He tried to get control of Palestine |
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Term
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Definition
| Seleucid – he tool Palestine from Ptolemy IV in 198. He was an ambitious man who tried to take Greece but was stopped by the Romans. As a result he had to pay a debt to the Romans. The debt was carried on to his successor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nickname Epephanes – 175-163. He inherited the debt to the Romans from Antiochus III; He was passionate about Greek Culture. As a result he forced Hellenization on his citizens, sold the high priesthood, and promoted worship of the Greek Gods. The Jews did not agree with him and so resisted. |
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Term
| What did Antiochus IV fail at in 168? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened with Antiochus IV in 167? |
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Definition
| His failure to take Egypt caused tribulation and abomination of desolation. He met with Popilius Laenas, who orders Antiochus to remove his troops before he leaves the circle drawn around him. Antiochus backs down, as a result of being humiliated in front of his army. |
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Term
| Who does Antiochus IV take out his wrath upon? |
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Definition
| After being humiliated in front of his troops, he takes his wrath out on the Jews: making circumcision illegal, forbid the Sabbath, forced the Jews to eat pork (those who did not were martyred). As a result, the Jews revolted under Maccabaes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leader under whom the Jews revolt against Antiochus IV. |
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Term
| What was the Maccabean Revolt? |
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Definition
| Fought for independence of the Jews. As a result the greeks were driven out |
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Term
| When was the book of Maccabeas written? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Chapter 8 of the book of Daniel, what did the ram represent? |
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Definition
| There were two horns on the ram that represent Media and Persia |
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Term
| In Chapter 8 of the book of Daniel, what did the male goat represent? |
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Definition
| Alexander, who defeats the ram. |
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Term
| In Chapter 8 of the book of Daniel, what did the four horns represent? |
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Definition
| The Diadochi (four commanders who took control after Alexander's death) |
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Term
| In Chapter 8 of the book of Daniel, what did the little horn represent? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Chapter 2 of the book of Daniel, there was a vision of the statue of man – what were the parts of the man mentioned in the vision? |
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Definition
| Head = gold = Babylon; breast = silver = media; middle and thighs = bronze = Persia; legs = iron = greek; feet = iron and clay = successors. |
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Term
| What did the head represent in the 2nd book of Daniel? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the breast represent in the 2nd book of Daniel? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the middle and thighs represent in the 2nd book of Daniel? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What did the legs represent in the 2nd book of Daniel? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What did the feet represent in the 2nd book of Daniel? |
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Definition
| Iron and clay, successors |
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Term
| What are the Temple visions in Ch 8 of Ezekial? |
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Definition
. wall paintings (egyptians) - Osiris = cult of dead?;
. weeping for Tammuez - diety who dies and raises from the dead;
. sun worship
. Glory of Yahweh leaves Temple -> East -> Babylon with the exiles
. |
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Term
| What was one of the messages in Ezekial about refering to Ezekial's wife? |
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Definition
| it was predicted that his wife will die (his wife represented Jerusalem). Ezekial is dumb/silent to speak |
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Term
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Definition
| 587 - Ezekial is able to speak again |
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Term
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Definition
| return to the land; new heart, spirit-obediance; reunification of Israel and Judah (dry bones, 2 sticks); restored community; |
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Term
| What is the restored community in Ezekial? |
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Definition
| dyarchy (2 rulers - davidic king, zekokites), external convenant, rebuilt temple (glory re-enters, healing river) |
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Term
| what is Ezekial's view of the individual? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| written in exile by an anonymous prophet |
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Term
| What is the message of Isaiah? |
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Definition
| comfort, new exodus, creation (big emphasis on God acting in history), cyrus, monotheism, universal God, Yahweh's servant |
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Term
| what was the importance of the theme of creation is Isaiah? |
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Definition
| big emphasis on God acting in history; way to dialogue and correct Babylonians on their beliefs |
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Term
| what is the importance of the theme Cyrus in the book Isaiah? |
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Definition
. a messiah - annointed one (pagan, persian king - means God chose him to rebuild Jerusalem and let Jews go home)
. 539 Cyrus marches ->Babylon; issued decre for Gods -> ancesterol land; allows Jews to go back to Jerusalem to rebuild temple with Persian funds
. he then taxes everyone in the land |
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Term
| what is the most important theme in Isaiah? |
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Definition
| Yahweh's servant; characterics of servant: chosen, endowed with spirit, brings justice -> nations, restores Israel, suffers vicariously |
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Term
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Definition
| Some Jews said it was Cyrus? prophet-Jeremiah? Israel? |
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Term
| What is the theophoric name? |
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Definition
name with a divine element
ex. Elijah = "my God is Yahweh"; Melkaizia = "my divine king ks righteous"; Abraham = "exalted father |
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Term
| What is the future hope in Isaiah? |
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Definition
| 587 - end of kingdom - restored Davidic Monarchy |
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Term
| In the first restoration, why did they return? Who returned? |
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Definition
| decree of Cyrus - 538; Sheshbazzar (Davidide Govenor), Akk Sin-Ab-Ushur "Sin aids the father" |
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Term
| What happened on the first return? |
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Definition
| Temple started but not finished; Sheshabazzar disappears |
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Term
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Definition
| Davidide Govenor; father = Pediah or Shealtier - Ezra, Neh, Hag; Grandfather = Jerhoiachin; Uncle = Sheshbazzar |
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Term
| who laid down the temple's foundation? |
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Definition
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Term
| who support the temple rebuilding? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the temple completed? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When is the first return? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who returned in the first return? |
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Definition
| Sheshbazzar (Davidide Govenor); Ak Sin - Ab-Usur "Sin aids the father" (moon god) = shenazzar; elders, priests, and levites |
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Term
| what happened during the first return? |
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Definition
| temple was started to be rebuilt, but it was not finished. Sheshbazzar disappears |
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Term
| who returned in the second return? |
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Definition
| Zerubbabel (Davidide Govenor) - finished the temple |
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Term
| who was the high priest who said to rebuild the temple? |
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Definition
| joshua (jeshua) - high priest |
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Term
| which prophets supported messianic hope? |
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Definition
| Haggai: said Zerubbabel is the signet ring and the chosen one; Zechariah: Jeshua and the Branch, 2 olive trees/ 2 annointed ones |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Who was in the 3rd return? |
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Definition
| Ezra (Brought Tora with him) |
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Term
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Definition
| was in the 3rd return. brought torah with him. made people divorce their foreign wives, 13 years later he build the walls of Jerusalem |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who was in the fourth return? |
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Definition
| Nehenuah - builds city walls. Sanballat, Tobiah, Geshem - all three resisted Yemiah (govenor of Jehud) |
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Term
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Definition
| govenor of Samaria (4th return) |
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Term
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Definition
| 4th return. govenor of aman |
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Term
|
Definition
| 4th return. king of arabs |
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Term
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Definition
| govenor of jehud. he was resisted by sanballat, tobiah, and geshem |
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Term
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Definition
| ruler who enforced the payment of ties. he put a stop to sabbath violations. put a stop to mixed marriages |
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Term
|
Definition
| jeremiah(?) = unlikely - older scripts in Hebrew don't mention him. The authorship is anonymous |
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Term
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Definition
| 5 lyric poem lamenting destruction of Jerusalem by Babylonians. mourning of the destruction of Jerusalem and it's temple (586 B.C.) |
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Term
| When was Lamentations written? |
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Definition
586-530? There is evidence (vivid) that it was written shortly after the fall of Jerusalem. Ch. 5 may be from somewhat later in the Exile.
* 586/7 |
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Term
| Lamentation's theological insight? |
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Definition
| combines the themes of judgment and grace, (reminds one of Jeremiah = possible author?). |
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Term
| What are some formal elements of Lamentations? |
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Definition
- Acrostic (poetry):
. mnemonic
. fullness of grief and suffering
- meter
. 3:2 - long:short
- Dramatic contrast
- Lament individual |
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Term
| What is Lamentation's theological purpose? |
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Definition
1. prayer - it is good to express our complaints in prayer
2. God's sovereighty - Yahweh caused the destruction
3. Sin brings judgment - repent and return
4. Hope - trust in the Lord and pray for restoration |
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Term
| Is there any hope in Lamentations? |
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Definition
| yes. Trust in the Lord and pray for restoration |
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Term
| Is it ok to complain to God in prayer? (Lamentations) |
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Definition
| yes. prayer is a good way to complain to God |
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Term
| What is the Hebrew name for the book of Ecclesisastes? |
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Definition
| "Qohelet" - feminine noun. "to gather", "assemble", teacher |
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Term
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Definition
| wisdome response. deals with evil |
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Term
| When was Ecclesiastes written? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Ecclesiastes, how should we live? |
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Definition
| enjoy the life God has given you |
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Term
| What is the outline of Ecclesiastes? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| patient man (in prologue); impatient (in dialogue) |
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Term
|
Definition
| yes. but why? don't know. However, God is present in suffering. |
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Term
| Where is Ecclesiastes place in the canon? |
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Definition
| it is placed among the five scrolls used on official festive occasions, assigning it to Tabernacles. There is also a tie between Solomon and Qoheleth. |
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Term
| When was Ecclesiastes written? and who wrote it? |
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Definition
| 400-200 BC? Author = someone with ties to Solomon? anonymous. |
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Term
| What is main purpose and theme of Qoheleth? |
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Definition
Purpose: Solomon and the sages who counted him their mentor.
Theme:
- Conventional wisdom = not inadequote but close to blasphemous. difference between God and humankind. |
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Term
| What is the structure of Ecclesiastes? |
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Definition
(1) repetitive nautre of arguments to demonstrate theme, a Semitic device.
(2) use of clusters of proverbs, "words of advice" to clarify or reinforce the argument. |
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Term
| What are some literary characteristics of Ecclesiastes (Qoheleth)? |
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Definition
| Reflections. Rhetorical Questions. Proverbs. Descriptive language. |
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Term
| What does Qohelet observe about rewards and punishments in this life? |
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Definition
| Enjoy the simple things God has given us in life. |
|
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Term
| what are some themes of Qoheleth? |
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Definition
enjoy life as God gives it by:
- by the constancy of creation
- by knowledge
- by pleasure
- by fate of all persons
- by human toil
- by God's control of all events
- by lack of immortality
- by evil oppression
- by work
- by miserly hoarding wealth
- by the transient nature of popularity
- by wealth lost in business
- by wealth that cannont be enjoyed
- the the fixity of fate
... |
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Term
| What are some words of advice in Qoheleth? |
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Definition
| honor God in your worship, pay your vows, expect injustice in government, do not overvalue wealth. honor is better than luxury, sobriety is better than levity, caution is better than rashness, wisdome with wealth is better than wisdom alone, resignation is better than indignation, integrity is better than pretentiosness, facing limitations is better than claiming achieveents, compromise is sometimes better than being right |
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Term
| What is Qohelet's view of the afterlife? |
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Definition
| reinforces his view of the idea of the powerless individual. (Individual is only a small part of a large scene = evident in political allusions). Inevitability of one's fate, and the unavoidability of death and repritions of life = vision of remoteness, inscrutability, and ultimately indifference, acknowledges it, inability to transcent it: it is how world is. |
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Term
| How does Qoheleth councel us to live? |
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Definition
| enjoy what God has given us in life. But don't do it greedily. |
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Term
| Ecclesiastes: Biblical theology: Freedom of God and Limits of Wisdom. |
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Definition
stressed limits to human understanding and ability: (1) people are limited by way in which God has determined the events of their lives. They have little power to change the course of history. even times for life's experiences are set in place in such a way that human toil cannont alter them. People are in the world, and not in Heaven where God is.
(2) human creatures are limited by their inability to discover God's ways. Can't affect own destiny. |
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Term
| Ecclesiastes: Biblical theology: Facing Life's Realities. |
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Definition
(1) Grace. God's gift. reward. Humankind can earn nothing; God sees that they have enough.
(2) Death. coming = sure, but timing is not. one fate that comes to all (wise and foolish, person and beast). confronts people most drastically with their limitations reminding them continually that the future is beyond their control. in death process = reverse of God's creation (man --> dust)
(3) enjoyment. joy is possibl when sought in the right placeL gratitude for and appreciation of God's simple gifts of food, drink, work, and love |
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Term
| Ecclesiastes: Biblical theology: Preparation for the Gospel. |
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Definition
| prepare's for the Christian gospel. |
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Term
|
Definition
| "Where is Father>?", "Be an enemy" |
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Term
| Who is the author of Job? |
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Definition
| unkown. what is known about the author is read from the book. (1) he must have suffered excruciatingly (2) he may have found insight in his sufferig and release from his pain in an encounter with God (3) He had been thoroughly trained in wisdom tradition (4) experience of suffering must have set him at odds with the teaching of conventinal wisdome about absolute patterns of divine retribution - blessing is always the fruit of righteousness, suffering ever the wage of sin. (5) he was an Israelite (6) probably used non-Israelite setting of Uz because it was the source of the ancient story and because such suffering is a universal human woe. |
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Term
| What is the overall structure of Job? |
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Definition
| prose-poetry-prose (a-b-a) |
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Term
| What is the structure in Job of the prologue (prose)? |
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Definition
| narratives alternate between the land of Uz, where Job lives with integrity and piety, iin prosperity, and the court of Yahweh, where the Satan challenges Yahweh totest Job. Tragic reversal sharpens the patos and spotlight's Job's plight: radical change from life with an ideal family and vast possessions to poverty, pain, and loneliness. Prologues enables audience to have confidence in Job, while at the same time it keeps the characters in the debate of darkness abot real nature of Job's plight. it depicts God's sovereignty over the Satan, who can not harm Job beyond God's limits and sets up a deliberate tension with the conversations that floow by honoring Job's strong trust in Yahweh. |
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Term
| What is the structure in Job of the laments, dialogues, and speeches (poetry)? |
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Definition
A fate wose than death: Job's despair and Yahweh's silence. Comfort more painful than censure: three accusers and one defender. (conversational form, with each friend speaking three times to save for Zophar. each friend speaks from a different perspective. all call Job to repent).
Speech:
many genres. (1) Job tends to speak to friends as a group (2) responses are not always directed at the preceding speech.
. vents despair of life...
. Job decides to take God to court. He is convinced that his suffering has turned his very body into a false witness against his woeds, he draws on language of the court to press his craving for vindication. He is convinced that his redeemer will come to his defenses, make sure he has a fair trial, and enable him to win a vaborable verdict. he also is convicted that an pright person cold win acquittal before the divine judgment seat. but he cannot find God in order to have the trial held. |
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Term
| What is the conversational perspective of the three friends in Job? |
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Definition
Eliphaz as a gentle, confident mystic; Bildad as a firm traditionalist, Zophar as a rash dogmatist.
(~Speeches of freind= many genres:
- Eliphaz: opens with words of consolation.
- Bildad and Zophar opens with accusation
~Body of speeches: includes wisdom instruction as well as the fate of the upright, hymnic lines in praise of God, and exhortations he expouses with his own personal observations.)
the second cycle: friends suspect Job ahs done something wrong: accusations and implied threats in descriptions of the fate of the wicked - only Eliphaz adds a wisdom instruction. recount fate of wicked as a way to get Job to repent
third cycle: (only Eliphaz's speech = intact) accusatoin, couplet in praise of God, a disputation, and an eloquent call to repentance. Brief speech from Bildad: hymn in praise of God. Friends agree that Job is guiltly of some serious, hidden wrongdoing, the guld between him and them has widened considerably. they tempt Job to seek the wrong solution. |
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Term
| What is the definition of Israel? |
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Definition
. Before the exile: nation, people, cult, geography
. After the exile: Jews who keep the law (didn't have to be in Israel), Sabbath, circumcision, ritual purity, tithing, temple cult |
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Term
| What was the development in Israel in scripture? |
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Definition
| (1) Torah – primary importance (5 books of Moses) (2) former prophets (3) latter prophets (4) writings – still fluid |
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Term
| What was the development in Israel in institutions? |
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Definition
| (1) prophecy ceased (tied to kingship) (2) synagogue (when the temple was destroyed in 70 AD, the center of worship went to the synagogues) (3) scribes (4) wisdom = important |
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Term
| What was the relationship with God in the development of Israel? |
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Definition
| Absolutizing of the law (people of the book: Muslims, some Jews, Christians are not people of the book, they believe in a relationship with God), legalism |
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Term
| In the development of Israel, what was the relationship to the nations? |
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Definition
| Tension – (1) narrowing: some Jews said no to dealings with the gentiles (2) broadening: reach out to gentiles |
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Term
| In the development of Israel, what was the beliefs? |
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Definition
| (1) Monotheism (2) Angels and Demons (3) Wisdom personified (4) life after death (5) Eschatology, especially Apocalypse |
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Term
| When did the belief of Angels and Demons begin? |
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Definition
| It developed in the Persian period: Michael (mentioned in Daniel), before = hierchy, heavenly host; Gabriel (Daniel and NT); demons had names |
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Term
| When did the belief in life after death develop? |
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Definition
| Resurrection from the dead started first in Daniel; beforehand there were no promises of resurrection. |
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Term
| In the development of Israel, what were the sects? |
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Definition
(1) Sadducees: priest (back to the Zadokites of OT), elite, wealthy, power – disappeared after the temple was destroyed (2) Pharisees – teachers of the law, rabbis, scribes, more popular with the people – still around today - Judaism (3) Zealots – Nationalists, assassins – killed off by Romans (4) Essenes – Apocalyptic priestly community – died in the wilderness.
There can be a fifth: (5) Jewish Christians. |
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Term
|
Definition
a. OT: (1) Talmud/Judaism/Synagogue (2) Gospel/Christianity/Church
b. Historical Judgment: both are legitimate
c. Theological judgment: the glory of God is on the church |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Last Adam, New Moses, rest, paschal lamb, sin offeing, high priest,…. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| In Romans 11:17-36: compared to olive tree: Jews who reject Jesus = natural olive branches broken off, Gentile Christians = wild olive branches grafted in with Jews who believe in Jesus. |
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|
Term
| What is the structure of Job in Epilogue (prose)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of Job in poetry? |
|
Definition
| (1) drama on a double stage: Job's prosperity and Yahweh's test (2) A fate worse than death: Job's despair and Yahweh's silence (3a) A comfort more painful than censure: three accusers and one defender (3b) Job's speeches likewise are composed of many genres (4) an interlude with a message: musings on the mystery of wisdom (5) A protest against heaven: Job's calamitous fall and demonstrated innocence (6) a rebuke and a lesson: Elihu attempts to correct both Job and his friends in four unanswered speeches (7) A voice that silences debate: Yahweh appears and interrogates Job about the structure and maintenance of the world (8) a vindication scarcely needed: God resotres Job's reputation, wealth, and family |
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Term
| What are Elihu's unanswered speeches to Job and his friends? |
|
Definition
He present new ideas about suffering and prepares Job for the appearing of Yahweh.
(1st speech) teaches that God is gracious to those who serve him, ever seeking to turn them from the error of their ways. God uses 2 primary means: dreams and disciplinary suffering. Believes that suffering is preliminary punishment for some wrong done. In addition, God provides a mediating angel to resuce a person who is approaching the grave.
(2nd speech) drives home the truth that righteousness is the foundation of God's rule. Job must drop his complaint that God has dealt with him unjustly, lest he be handed in greater penalty. He locates Job's sin as in his rhetoric rather than in some unknown wrong.
(3rd speech)lays bare the presumptuous tone of Job's argument. Plant the idea in Jobs mind that he will have to drop his claim of innocence beore finding reconciliation with God
(4th speech) recounts the theme of disciplinary suffering and then in powerful poetry describes the glory of God's appearing in a thunderstorm. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An Israelite, and he is introduced by linage. His ancestors are tied directly to the Patriarches. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A prophecy from the Exile. The prophet's message came from Yahweh during the first part of the Exile, between 593 and 571. Ezekiel marks a distinct phase n Israelite prophecy, and its form and characteristics differ somewhat from the prophecies studied thus far. |
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Term
|
Definition
| He was from a priestly family. Grew up in Palestine and was taken into exile in 597. |
|
|
Term
| what kind of allegories and sign acts does ezekiel consist of? |
|
Definition
| jerusalem as a vine and yahwehs wife, imperial eagles, davidic dynasty as a lioness and a vineyard, the sword of judgment, Oholah and Ohlibah representing the two corrupt capitals, Samaira and Jerusalem, and he cauldron of destruction. |
|
|
Term
| What does classical prophecy consist of? |
|
Definition
| Preaching, local politics, individual events, rule of Yahweh over his people, Davidide, human agency, plain speech |
|
|
Term
| What does Apocalyptics Prophecy consist of? |
|
Definition
| Writing, cosmic message, universal history, world wide domain, Son of Man, divine intervention, symbolic visions |
|
|
Term
| What are other characteristics of Apocalyptic literature? |
|
Definition
| Periodization of history (man = metal, beasts = empires), dualism, end-time battle (hinted at), mythic elements (sea monsters, son of man in clouds : El and Baal ), heavenly mediators, anonymous or pseudonymous authorship |
|
|
Term
| What books are apocalypses? |
|
Definition
| Biblical: Daniel, Revelation; Extra-biblical: 1Enoch, 2 Enoch, 4 Ezra, 2 Baruch, 3 Baruch |
|
|
Term
| What is the main message for apocalyptic literature? |
|
Definition
| The kingdoms of this world will become the kingdom of God, and he will reign forever/eternally |
|
|
Term
| Who was Alexander the Great? |
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Definition
| (334-323) – Pagan King. Left to conquer the world. Conquered many lands. However he died at the age of 33 from fever. He had no heir, and so his kingdom was divided among 4 of his generals. |
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| Who were Alexander's successors? |
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Definition
| Cassander – Macedonia and Greece; Lysimachus – Thrace; Seleucus – Syria, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia; Ptolemy – Palestine, Eypt |
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Definition
| He tried to get control of Palestine |
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| Seleucid – he tool Palestine from Ptolemy IV in 198. He was an ambitious man who tried to take Greece but was stopped by the Romans. As a result he had to pay a debt to the Romans. The debt was carried on to his successor. |
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Definition
| Nickname Epephanes – 175-163. He inherited the debt to the Romans from Antiochus III; He was passionate about Greek Culture. As a result he forced Hellenization on his citizens, sold the high priesthood, and promoted worship of the Greek Gods. The Jews did not agree with him and so resisted |
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| What did Antiochus IV fail at in 168? |
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Definition
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| What happened with Antiochus IV in 167? |
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Definition
| His failure to take Egypt caused tribulation and abomination of desolation. He met with Popilius Laenas, who orders Antiochus to remove his troops before he leaves the circle drawn around him. Antiochus backs down, as a result of being humiliated in front of his army. |
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| Who does Antiochus IV take out his wrath upon? |
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Definition
| After being humiliated in front of his troops, he takes his wrath out on the Jews: making circumcision illegal, forbid the Sabbath, forced the Jews to eat pork (those who did not were martyred). As a result, the Jews revolted under Maccabaes. |
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Definition
| Leader under whom the Jews revolt against Antiochus IV. |
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| What was the Maccabean Revolt? |
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Definition
| Fought for independence of the Jews. As a result the greeks were driven out. |
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Term
| When was the book of Maccabeas written? |
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| In Chapter 8 of the book of Daniel, what did the ram represent? |
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Definition
| There were two horns on the ram that represent Media and Persia |
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| In Chapter 8 of the book of Daniel, what did the male goat represent? |
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Definition
| Alexander, who defeats the ram. |
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| In Chapter 8 of the book of Daniel, what did the four horns represent? |
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Definition
| The Diadochi (four commanders who took control after Alexander's death) |
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| In Chapter 8 of the book of Daniel, what did the little horn represent? |
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Definition
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| In Chapter 2 of the book of Daniel, there was a vision of the statue of man – what were the parts of the man mentioned in the vision? |
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Definition
| Head = gold = Babylon; breast = silver = media; middle and thighs = bronze = Persia; legs = iron = greek; feet = iron and clay = successors. |
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| What did the head represent in the 2nd book of Daniel? |
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Definition
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| What did the breast represent in the 2nd book of Daniel? |
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Definition
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| What did the middle and thighs represent in the 2nd book of Daniel? |
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Definition
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| What did the legs represent in the 2nd book of Daniel? |
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Definition
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| What did the feet represent in the 2nd book of Daniel? |
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Definition
| Iron and clay, successors |
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Term
| What is the definition of Israel? |
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Definition
. Before the exile: nation, people, cult, geography
. After the exile: Jews who keep the law (didn't have to be in Israel), Sabbath, circumcision, ritual purity, tithing, temple cult |
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Term
| What was the development in Israel in scripture? |
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Definition
| (1) Torah – primary importance (5 books of Moses) (2) former prophets (3) latter prophets (4) writings – still fluid |
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Term
| What was the development in Israel in institutions? |
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Definition
| (1) prophecy ceased (tied to kingship) (2) synagogue (when the temple was destroyed in 70 AD, the center of worship went to the synagogues) (3) scribes (4) wisdom = important |
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Term
| What was the relationship with God in the development of Israel? |
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Definition
| Absolutizing of the law (people of the book: Muslims, some Jews, Christians are not people of the book, they believe in a relationship with God), legalism |
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Term
| In the development of Israel, what was the relationship to the nations? |
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Definition
| Tension – (1) narrowing: some Jews said no to dealings with the gentiles (2) broadening: reach out to gentiles |
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| In the development of Israel, what was the beliefs? |
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Definition
| (1) Monotheism (2) Angels and Demons (3) Wisdom personified (4) life after death (5) Eschatology, especially Apocalypse |
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| When did the belief of Angels and Demons begin? |
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Definition
| It developed in the Persian period: Michael (mentioned in Daniel), before = hierchy, heavenly host; Gabriel (Daniel and NT); demons had names |
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Term
| When did the belief in life after death develop? |
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Definition
| Resurrection from the dead started first in Daniel; beforehand there were no promises of resurrection. |
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| In the development of Israel, what were the sects? |
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Definition
(1) Sadducees: priest (back to the Zadokites of OT), elite, wealthy, power – disappeared after the temple was destroyed (2) Pharisees – teachers of the law, rabbis, scribes, more popular with the people – still around today - Judaism (3) Zealots – Nationalists, assassins – killed off by Romans (4) Essenes – Apocalyptic priestly community – died in the wilderness.
There can be a fifth: (5) Jewish Christians |
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Definition
| An Israelite, and he is introduced by linage. His ancestors are tied directly to the Patriarches |
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Definition
| A prophecy from the Exile. The prophet's message came from Yahweh during the first part of the Exile, between 593 and 571. Ezekiel marks a distinct phase n Israelite prophecy, and its form and characteristics differ somewhat from the prophecies studied thus far. |
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Definition
| He was from a priestly family. Grew up in Palestine and was taken into exile in 597. |
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| What are some theological motifs expressed in the primeval history? |
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Definition
| (1) God is creator (2) entrance of sin to the created order radically alters original creation (3) God's judgement meets human sin at each point (4) God sustains both creation and humans by his preserving grace |
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| Warriors of old, warriors of renown. Angels? |
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| "Out of the ground that the Lord cursed this one shall brig us relief from our work and from toil of our hands. He had 3 sons: Shem, Ham and Japheth. |
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| Son of Noah. Covered Noah when he was naked. |
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| Noah's son – father of canaan – told brothers of Noah's nakedness. Had many sons – one = cush = father of Nimroid = 1st to be a mighty warrior and hunter before God. – Cannanites. |
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| Noah's son. Covered father. From his sons =coastland people. |
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| A city with tower in heavens. Lord mixed and scattered people and languages. "Babel" = confusion or Lord's Gate. |
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| Whom did Noah curse and why? |
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Definition
| He cursed Cannann – Ham's son. |
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Term
| What was the Noahic covenant and what was the sign of it? |
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Definition
| No flood shall strip earth of life- symbol = rainbow |
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| Compare the Gensis flood story with the Mesopotamian one. |
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Definition
Genesis: one God. Sin. 40 days/nights. Noah. Oblong shape of ark. Window, door pitch. 1 pair unclean animals. 7 pair clean. Family. Mt. anarat. Raven, dove, dove, dove. Sweat smell of sacrifice. Raindbow reminder.
Mesopotamian : several gods. Noise (sin). 7 days/nights. Utrapshtim. Cubic shape. Window, door, pitch. Animals. Family and craftsmen. Mt. Nisir. Dove, swallow, raven. Sweat smell of sacrifice. Necklace reminder. |
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Definition
| Of Salem and prist of God. Most high. Blessed abram. Abram gave him 1/10 of everything. |
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Definition
| Abram's nephew (brother's son) whom Abram took with him when he left his country. Lot took Jordan as area where he kept his cattle. He was then taken captive by enemies. Abram, in return went after lot with trained men and freed lot; lot invited 2 angels into his house one night and after a mob tried to break down the house, lot and his family fled (by angels) to another city because God was going to destroy Sodom. Lot's wife turned to salt when she looked back. |
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Definition
| A twin son of Rebekah. When he was born, he came out red and hairy. His brother = Jacob. Esau = skillful hunter, man of field. Issaac loved esau, rebekah loved Jacob. He was called deom because he was famished for Jacobs stew. He gave his birthrights to his brother Jacob – he despised his birthright. At 40 years of age, he married Judith and Basemath – they made life bitter for Isaac and Rebekah. Esau also got his blessing taken away by Jacob, his brother. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rebekah's brother. The Aramean. Let Abraham's servant into his house. Gave permission along with Bethuel that Rebekah be married. Had two daughters, Leah and Rachel, who both married Jacob-Isaac's son). Laban = herdsman. Got jealous when Jacob's black and spotted sheep were stronger. Jacob fled and Laban pursued him (7 days). Made a covenant with Jacob. |
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Term
| 3 main partriarchs and four main matriarchs? |
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Definition
| Abraham, Isaac, Jacob; Sarah, Rebekah, Rachel and Leah |
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Term
| What are three distinctive features of partriarchal religion? |
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Definition
| The partriarchs prayed, often protrating themselves in the common near easter manner, built alters and made sacrifices, but no special location for such sites and no official priesthood. Worship was conceived primarily in terms not of ceremony but of a relationship between God and human beings. |
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| Masonetic – 10th century AD - Jewish scribes who get it passed on; source to study older language. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Originally oral, assumed written form before Christian era. History = difficult to trace. |
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| Street Latin. Gerome translates it. |
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| What are some common scribal errors? |
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Definition
| (1) Dittography ex. The king sat on the (the) large throne (2) haplography – something drops out of text ex. The king sat on the [large] throne. (a) Homioarchton – similar beginning ex. The man bought [2 books] 2 bookmarks (b) Homoioteleuton – similar ending ex. I went to the temple [when the prophet left the temple] then I prayed. |
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Term
| How does Israelite law compare with Hammurabi's code? |
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Definition
| Hammurabi's is usually stricter than Israelite law. |
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Term
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Definition
| code – casuistic law = case law. If…(description of crime) then… (penalty) |
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Definition
| You shall not… absolute law |
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| Grounded in Exodus – motif clause. God gives his name, he is compassionate |
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| What does herem have to do with holy war? |
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Definition
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Term
| Know the cyclical pattern of the book of Judges. |
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Definition
| (1) people do evil (2) Yahweh send oppressor (3) people cry Yahweh (4) He raises a deliverer (5) Oppressor defected (6) rest |
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Definition
| - ca 1000 or earlier - egyptian proverbs. resembelence betwee AV and NRSV proverbs - reinforced with 30 sayings vs. excellent sayings. scholars have debated as to whether this is the original or not, there is wide agreement that it is. |
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Definition
| - a prophet who found Jeroboam. he was a Shilanite, he had a new garmet and he tore 12 pieces: 10--> Jeroboam, 1 for Solomon (David) and 1 for Jerusalem |
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Definition
| - Solomon's most important enemy. He was found by Ahjaj. He is the son of Nebat, who had been superintendent of labor forces of the house of Joseph, which had been helping with construction in Jerusalem. He was given 10 tribes of Israel. And he was to lead the northern tribes to independence. |
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| - Son of Solomon who succeeded to the throne. Wanted northern tribes to recognize him as king, but he was poorly advised, announced his policies would be harsher than his fathers |
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| - Rehoboam's task master who was assassinated by Israelites, prophetic vision kept his troops from marching north. Only Judah remained loyal. |
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| - work gangs in Jerusalem? |
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Definition
| - another general. Well respected by army. crowned king. |
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Definition
| - military commander. army did not respect him. burned house down |
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Definition
| - married Jezebel (daughter of King Tyre) for peace with north during his reign. but there was political troubles because of fights with Syria. |
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Term
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Definition
| - She is pictured as a driving force in the kingdom. Wife of Ahab, daughter of King Ethbaal of the Sidonians. She was throne out of the window, trampled upon by the horses and her skull, feet, and palms of her hands fed the dogs. |
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Term
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Definition
| - prophet who went up in a dust of clouds. His manetle passed on to Elisha. |
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Term
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Definition
| - Jezreelite who had a vineyard in Jezreel beside the palace of King Ahab of Samaria. He refused to give his vinyard to the King because the Lord told him not to give up his ancesteral inheritance. He was set up by Jezebel, who had him stoned to death for "curing God and the king". |
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Definition
| - Prophet during Jehoshaphat's time. He was never liked by Jehoshaphat because he never prophesized anything favorable about the king. He sees the Heavenly counsel. He tells Ahab that he should not go into battle or he will not return. Ahab does not listen. |
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Term
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Definition
| - powerful libyan-egyptian pharoah. (biblical shishak); invaded/devastated judah |
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Definition
| - Battle where King Ahab was killed while in disguise |
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Term
| What does the call vision of Isaiah reveal about the prophetic consciousness |
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Definition
| - Before this vision, Isaiah saw the glories and splendor of Uzziah's court. The vision contains a revelation. Since he has seen the King, the Lord of Hosts, he is understood to have recieved the revelation of his appointed ministry. |
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Term
| What is Isaiah's message for the king for the Syro-Ephraimite war? |
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Definition
| His message is to not rely on the Assyrians. |
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Term
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Definition
| - The ruler of Damascus. during Isaiah's time. He and Pekah of Israel attempted to form an anti-Assyrian alliance; when Ahaz of Judah refused t join them, they put a puppet ruler, Tabeel, on the throne. |
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Definition
| - The King of Israel during Isaiah's time. He and Rezin of Damascus tried to form an anit-Assyrian alliance; when Ahaz of Judah refused to join them, they put a puppet ruler, Tabeel on the throne. |
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Term
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Definition
| - A king of Judah during Isaiah's time. He refused to join Rezin and Pekah in an anti-Assyrian alliance. A puppet ruler was put in his place. Against Isaiah's advice, Ahaz sought help from Tiglath-pileser III and in consequence became an Assyrian vassal. |
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Term
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Definition
| - king of Assyria. he brought unprecendented vigor to the throne. Menahem paid a tribute to him. reigned during Hosea's time. King of Assyria. He led the Assyrian army. He invaded the upper Jordan region, took Gilead and Galilee, and carried off many of the Israeltes to Assyria |
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Definition
| - King of Assyria. When Samaria fell in 721 either to Shalmaneser or his successor Sargon II (who claimed victory). When Sargon died, many revolts against Assyria. |
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Definition
| - King of Assyria. He noticed Hezekiah's deficance, and he outfitted his army, defeated Merodachbaladan, and set an Assyrian prince over Babylon. Then he marched west, crushing the coastal rebellion of Tyre, Acco, Joppa, and Ashkelon. He also defeated an Egyptian army that had marched north to support the rebels. |
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Term
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Definition
| - first hero. a coregent of Judah with father - Ahaz. He ruled Judah. He learned important lessons from Israel's collapse. Influenced by Isaiah, he pursued two commendable goals. (1) tried to break Assyria's political dominance in the west. (2) attempted to purify Judah's covenant aith by abolishing the worship of Canaanite and Assyrian gods. Two tasks were related. |
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Definition
| - Incomparable king. After Manasseh. there was no other king like him and he did right. the same was also said of Hezekiah. three events led to his desire to reform faith:(1) discovery of the book of law (2) battle with nero (3) realization that his reforms could not undo what manasseh had done. King who found the book of the law. he was free from Assyrian rule. Reclaimed Israel, renewed the covenant, and renewed national feeling. |
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Term
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Definition
| - A very evil king. He reversed Hezeikiah's reforms - brought back idols, magic, sacrificed his own son, shed innocent blood and submitted to Assyria. "I will wipe Jerusalem as one wipes a dish..." |
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Term
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Definition
| - Pharoah who killed Josaiah. appointed Eliakium (Josaiah's son) as a puppet king and gave him the regional name Jehoiakim. He met his military match with Nebachudanezzar (who was in an alliance with Jehoiahim). |
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Term
| What reforms did Josiah institute? |
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Definition
| - reversed all of Manessahs. (similar to Hezekiah's). desposed idolatrous priests and defiled pagan shrines. Defilement meant that they could not be in use again. He purged the temple of pagain vessels and presided over the first Passover celebration in more |
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| What kingdom destroyed Israel |
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Definition
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| When was Israel destroyed? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - the false prophet who contradicted Jeremiah's message that Judah and her neighbor nations should submit to Babylon rather than rebel. |
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Definition
| - Governor - Jew - no more king - assassinated by Ishmael |
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| When does the temple fall? |
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