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| Rule, measure, or standard |
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| The Japhethites--- The Hamites—the Semites |
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| a written version of the book of Jeremiah |
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| believe that only the first five books in the Bible were true. |
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| the discovery and publication of ancient biblical manuscripts at the location of Qumran near the Dead Sea. |
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| an early translation of the Hebrew Old Testament into Greek |
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Commentaries on the OT texts written in
Aramaic |
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| the oldest written story on Earth. It comes to us from Ancient Sumeria. It is about the adventures of the historical King of Uruk |
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| beyond and outside the ordinary range of human experience or understanding |
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| JEDP/Documentary Hypothesis: |
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| the belief that multiple documents were edited together sometime after 1,000 BC-- based on evolution theory; (the JEDP theory believes it is a combination of different sources). |
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| a sweep of land bordered by sea and desert that stretches from the Nile Delta northward along the Mediterranean coast. |
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| the first five books of the bible |
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| a Hebrew word used by the Jews--- meaning God’s law; its direct definition is “instruction or teaching; the first five books of the bible (Pentateuch); it is made up of command, statute, and case law. |
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| the Mesopotamian/ Babylonian Creation Myth; |
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was the sixth king of Babylon. He became the first king of the Babylonian Empire, extending Babylon's control over Mesopotamia by winning a series of wars against neighboring kingdoms. Although his empire controlled all of Mesopotamia at the time of his death, his successors were unable to maintain his empire.
He is known for the set of laws called Hammurabi's Code. |
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| A mixed group of Asian invaders who dominated Egypt from about 1786 to 1567 B.C. during the fifteenth through the seventeenth Dynasties. |
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| a confederacy of seafaring raiders who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean, caused political unrest, and attempted to enter or control Egyptian territory |
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| Israelite history - Time Periods in the O.T. |
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A. Patriachs (200-1500 BC)
B. Edodus (1500-1200BC)
C. Joshua/ Conquest (C. 1200 BC)
D. Judges- Early Monarchy (1200-930 BC)
E. Kings/ Prophets (930- 539 BC)
F. Return from Exile (539-332 BC) |
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| Major Empires - Series of Empires |
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1. Assyrian (900-600’s BC)
2. Babylonian (600’s- 500’s BC)
3. Persian (500’s- 300’s BC)
4. Greek (300- 1st century BC) |
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Cultural setting of ANE:
Ancient |
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A. Limted “global” awareness
B. Small villages/ cities
C. Slowly social change
D. Limited technology
E. Limited travel |
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Emphasis/Authorship of Pentateuch
The Pentateuch: |
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A. Pentateuch
a. Penta= Five
b. Teuchos= scroll
B. Theory one:
a. Moses wrote it
C. Theory two: JEDP Theory- multiple documents were found and edited together sometime after 1,000 BC; based on evolution theory. |
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a. Before the beginning God was
b. God created the heavens out of nothing |
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Theories of the Creation process:
Old Earth, New Earth, Old and New Earth: |
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a. “Old earth”
a. age day: Each day is a theological age
b. religious only: Biblical story of creation is only for theology, not science.
c. Pictoral: Creation was revealed to the author in 6 days
d. Theistic evolution: The earth and its inhabitants evolved, but god guided the process
b. “New Earth”
a. Flood geology: scientific data is misinterpreted because of the flood
b. Literalist:
i. day= 24 hours
ii. Biblical genealogies are unabridged
c. Pro- Chronic: Creation came into existence with age built into it
c. “Old and New Earth”
a. gap theory: creation occurred in genesis 1:1, but before genesis 1:2 a great catastrophe occurred. |
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| The nature of humanity (before/after Fall): |
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Before the fall
a. Humanity is made in the image of God.
b. imago dei (likeness)
c. skill/ authority:
a. work/ create
b. rule over earth
c. human is male and female (mutual authority/ mutual partners for life)
d. vulnerable without fear
After the fall
a. awareness of human’s potential for evil
b. shattered trust
c. impulse to hide
d. blame shifting
e. self centered attitude |
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Revelation
General revelation
Special revelation |
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Revelation: unveiling the truth
General revelation: God revealing himself through creation
Special revelation: God revealing himself through Christ and scripture. |
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| What is revealed technology? |
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| Theology derived from special revelation. |
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| Inspiration is exhaling/ it is the action of God by his spirit through human writers |
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| Distinguish verbal plenary inspiration from dictation and conceptual inspiration. |
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Verbal plenary inspiration: When God has influenced each word of scripture/ not leaving a part out for another own interpretation. He has controlled each word.
Dictation theory: God commanded specific language do be recorded.
Conceptual inspiration: God inspired ideas/ the human writers set them forth in his own words. |
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| What is meant by inerrancy? Infallibility? Authority? |
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Inerrancy: The bible is without error or false hood in all that it affirms and teaches.
Infallibility: It is a reliable, certain, absolutely trust worthy; adequate and effective.
Authority:
1. Innate: it is inherent in his being
2. Derived: comes from a greater authority. |
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| What is meant by canon? Canonicity? Divisions of the canon? |
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| Canon: a term used to describe all the books of the bible. Canonicity: an inherent quality rather than the results of a formal action. (determined by God) Divisions of the canon (Pentateuch, historical books, ect.) |
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| What is genre? Hermeneutics? |
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| The type or style the literature text falls into. Hermeneutics: is the purpose for the scripture, prerequisites for the interpreter, precommittments in coming to the texts, basic principles in interpreting the texts, and recognition of personal issues. |
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| Identify the major biblical languages. |
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What is the structure of the book?
The book is divided into two major parts: |
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Genesis 1:1- 11:26 (Primordial history)
Genesis 11:27- 50:26 (Abraham and his descendants) |
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| What do the first two chapters of Genesis tell us about God? About creation? About being human? The unity of the human species? The created order? Marriage? |
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Tells us about God
1. God is preexistent. He existed before all else.
2. If he created space and time it shows that he must exist independent of them.
3. He is a God of order.
4. He is personal and has personality and personhood.
5. He can reach and be reached by those he has created.
6. He is sovereign.
7. He is the life- giver.
Creation:
1. Is an act performed by God.
2. It is something entirely new.
Being human:
1.Created in the image of God.
2. Both male and female make up the species that bares the image.
Unity of Species:
1. Humanity extended from a single set of parents.
2. When humans interbreed they only produce humans.
3. All humans share the same needs: need for companionship aka fellowship.
Created Order
1. Referring to God’s own evaluation of creation recorded in Genesis
2. What God’s unfallen creation would have looked like.
3. What gods plan of redemption labors to accomplish (to restore humanity and with it, all creation).
Marriage
1. The man should leave his family to be united with his wife.
2. The two of them should become one flesh.
3. Not only a private matter, it matters to God as well. |
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| Give the five major arguments for a creation, aside from the bible, and explain each of them. |
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1. The Universe is Expanding: Big band theory, when all the mass was bundled up in a small space then an explosion sent all the “astronomical bodies” pushing away from each other. The rate at which they move away from the center can be calculated, the expansion proves it all had a beginning.
2. The universe is not static: The universe and slowing down at the same time (According to Einstine). This theory predicted a universe with a beginning and end.
3. Anthropic principle: It evaluates the universe from the perspective of human life, exploring the relationship between highly technical mathematical constants. They slightest different would completely change our planet. Showing that the universe was not an accident, but rather intelligent design.
4.Heat is distributed unevenly throughout the universe: Matter can neither be created or destroyed. But it can be transformed into another form. For example. The light given off from the sun does not just disappear, instead it is captured as heat by anything it touches. If the earth were eternal, then the heat would be evenly distributed. But it is not. There are areas that are extremely hot, and others that are extremely cold. This proves that the universe had a beginning.
5.Radioactive elements decay into other elements: If the universe were eternal, all unstable elements (such as radio activity) would have long ago reached stability. |
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| What is the “old earth” interpretation of creation? The “young earth?” The “gap” theory? |
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Old earth interpretation of creation: That each day was not a twenty four hour day but rather geological ages. Day can be millions of years. Explains that we are still in the seventh day.
Young earth: The earth is young, weather built with age in it, or the flood lead to misinterpretation of the age.
Gap Theory: A lapse of time between the creation of the Universe and the creation of the world. |
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| What are the varieties of “old earth” interpretation? “young earth?” What are their strengths and weaknesses? |
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Old earth:
. Progressive creationism: creative process of creation over a period of time.
. Religious only: God did it, and its up to science to articulate how it happened. But the scripture does not give a hint that it is not to be considered as historical.
.Pictorial- Day: revealed in six days instead of being created in six days.
.Theistic Evolution: God guided evolution. But the word “create” poses a problem with this interpretation.
Young earth:
.Flood geology: Scientific data has been misinterpreted because of the flood. But if the flood was not global, this view is impossible.
.Literalist view: World created in six literal days.
. Pro-Chronic: creation came into existence with age built into it. (example Adam was made grown up so why not the earth) But God does not deceive, so many have abandoned this theory. |
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| How can the bible and modern science work together in interpreting creation? |
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1. The cosmic perspective: as if the observer were watching from somewhere in space.
2. earth perspective: as if the observer were then watching it from earth.
3. Human: Events are described in terms of their importance to, and perception by, human beings. |
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| What is meant by the “image of God,” and to whom does it belong? |
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| It refers to humans, likeness of God, referring to both male and female. |
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| How does the man relate to the woman? What is meant by the “helper suitable for him?” |
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| Without woman, the species was not complete. For man, the woman completes him, filling the emptiness he feels. She is help, not a helper and she is suitable for him. She is = “Like”, “Opposite,” “him”. |
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| They both exist as equals that man and woman were meant to be joined forever. |
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| Reflect on sin and evil awhile. |
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| It alienates people from God, nature, other people, and self. |
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| Know the arguments for global versus local world floods. |
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Global: everything is covered. Argument is supported with legends of floods throughout the world that covered the whole earth. Also fossils of marine fossils have been found.
Local: back then earth could have meant that region. So when they refer to earth, they really mean that part of the region. |
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| Why was Canaan important? |
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| It was the meeting point for Europe, Asia, and Africa |
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| What is the military or strategic significance of the shephelah (foothills) of Judah? Why did Israel oppose Philistia here? How did this contribute to young David’s popularity? |
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| • The foothills carry a military significance because it worked as a “buffer zone” to help protect invasion into Judah. Israel opposed Philistia here to prevent them from entering Judah. Because David prevented Goliath from entering Judah and fought him in the foothills, he gained popularity. |
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| Explain the phenomenon of a rift? How is the Jordan Valley a rift? |
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| • A rift occurs when the forces of the earth create parallel cracks that are certain distance apart. The Jordan Valley is a rift because it is the northern portion of one of the largest visible tears in the earth’s crust. |
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| Does archaeology prove the Bible? What contributions can archaeology make a study of scripture? |
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Yes, archaeology does in fact prove the Bible. Archaeology makes contributions such as:
Giving us a clearer understanding of the world in which the Bible was written and shaped, it helps us know how people from that time saw the world, and it provides evidence such as monuments and documents to prove the Bible correct. |
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