Term
| What is the structure of Exodus? |
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Definition
ch. 1-18 God saves Israel from Egyptian bondage
ch. 19-24 God gives Israel His law
ch. 25-40 God commands Israel to build the Tabernacle |
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Term
| What is the genre of Exodus? Describe. |
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Definition
| narrative, law and poetry...prophetic, theological and mental history--reveals the nature of God |
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Term
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Definition
| The Yam Suph= "body of water" that the Israelites crossed during the Exodus...translated as “Red Sea” in most English translations (not literal). Some argue that it should be translated, “Reed Sea”, which might be a shallow body of water that could have been waded across. What is true is that the Yam Suph is a deep body of water and the crossing was a miracle of God. |
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Term
| What is the basic purpose of Exodus? |
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Definition
| Exodus = “depart” (from Egypt), gives the account of the birth of Israel as a nation, and shows the continuity of past promises. (seed & land) Exodus-40yrs-conquest-settling. |
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Term
| Where does the Bible call God a warrior for the first time? |
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Definition
Exodus 15:3
God crushes Pharoah's troops pursuing Israel in the Red Sea |
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Term
| How are the plagues a part of a war against the gods of Egypt? |
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Definition
Exodus 12:12
Plagues are not directed toward Egyptians, but this is a battle bt Yahweh and gods of Egypt (referred to as demons with some real power) |
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Term
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Definition
| god of fertility // turning Nile River into blood |
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Term
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Definition
| frog-headed god // plague of frogs (stretched connection) |
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Definition
| sun god // plague of darkness |
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Term
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Definition
| Pharaoh is considered a god in Egyptian mythology // plague of the death of the first born sons |
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Term
| How was Jesus' life patterned on the Exodus? |
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Definition
Mark 1: Jesus is the fulfillment of the Exodus wanderings
*Jesus begins His ministry by being baptized in the Jordan River // passing through Red Sea
*Jesus goes into the wilderness for 40 days // 40 years of wandering in wilderness
~Israelites succumbed to temptation, but Jesus did not
*Temptations:
1) stone into bread // grumbling about manna (Moses’ last sermon, “man does not live on bread alone”)
2) Satan: go to highest point of temple and jump bc angels will protect you
*Massah (in Numbers) = “testing”
*Deut. “do not test the Lord your God”
3) Satan: I’ll give you power if you worship me // Israelites w/golden calf
*Jesus then choose 12 disciples // 12 tribes of Israel
*Matt. 5: Jesus gives sermon on the mount // God giving law to Moses on Mt. Sinai
*Jesus is crucified on the Eve of Passover |
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Term
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Definition
| an obelisk found in an archaelogical; victory humn of a pharaoh named Mernepthah on it...this victory hymn is the first extra-biblical mention of Israel (1208 BC). The Mernepthah stele supports the 15th and 13th century dates for the writing of Exodus. There is controversy as to whether the Israel mentioned refers to a small tribe of people without a land or a great nation with a land. |
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Term
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Definition
| deal with specific application of the ten commandments to the sociological, redemptive, and historical status of Israel. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to universally valid laws, like the ten commandments |
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Term
| Describe how the holiness increases in the Isrelite camp as you walk from the outside to the Most Holy Place in the tabernacle: |
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Definition
Outside the camp were the gentiles and the unclean. Those in Gods covenant, the Israelites (clean) were inside the camp. Only the Levites could occupy the area immediately around the tent and only the priests could enter Holy place (the outer room of the tent). Only one man, the high priest, could enter the Most Holy room in the back center of the tent, which contained the Ark of the Covenant (representing God on earth).
The Materials used in the construction of the tabernacle also showed the Holiness, increasing in value/holiness as one approached the center. (ie: outer materials like bronze and silver / inner materials like pure gold). The interior curtain was purple with cherubim embroidered into it. As the menorah lit the inside, one was reminded of Heaven and the Garden of Eden (where Adam and Eve walked in perfect harmony with God), ultimately anticipating the New Jerusalem (which has symbolism connected with Eden). |
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Term
| How does Christ fulfill the law? |
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Definition
| Christ, in the sermon on the mount, frees us of the curse of the law. Through his words and actions (picking grain on the Sabbath), Christ now takes the place of the ceremonial law. He fulfilled the law by keeping it perfectly (and dying for us breaking it). |
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Term
| Tabernacle--function and representation |
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Definition
Israelite place of worship.
Represents God's dwelling place on earth. |
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Term
| Menorah--function and representation |
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Definition
Lampstand...provided light for the tabernacle's interior.
Symbol: almond tree
Represents God's presence; reminders of Eden and Heaven |
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Term
| Ark of the Covenant--function and representation |
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Definition
Leads the Israelite army into battle.
Represents the most potent symbol of God's presence on earth; footstool of God's throne; mobile symbol of God's presence |
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Term
| Cloud--function and representation |
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Definition
It appears when it filled the tabernacle (same cloud that led their journey out of Egypt and through the wilderness).
Symbolized God's presence (God's chariot). |
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Term
| Describe the biblical theology of place of worship from Genesis to Revelation: |
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Definition
| The historical order of places to worship is as follows: Eden, altars, tabernacle, temple, Jesus, New Jerusalem. After the fall, His people needed a place to worship. Traditionally, people could come before God in alter ceremonies conducted by the head of the family. During the Exodus, however, Israel was no longer a large family but a great nation. During this sociological and redemptive time in history they needed a central place for worship so God commanded the construction of the tabernacle. |
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Term
| Leviticus--title and content |
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Definition
| means "pertaining to the Levites" |
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Term
| Leviticus: structure, genre, and composition |
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Definition
Its structure is as follows:
(1-7) sacrificial laws
(8-10) priestly narrative
(11-16) laws to protect ritual cleanness (17-27) Holiness code.
Genre:
primarily instructional history (law) with some historical history. It intends to inform the reader about the past providing a historical background to the law.
composition:
assigned mostly to P since most of its matters revolve around priestly matters of cult and laws. It may have also used an earlier source called the Holiness Code (H)(17-27). It is believed to have essential Mosaic authorship. |
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Term
| Five Sacrifices of Leviticus |
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Definition
1. burnt offering – ola
2. grain offering – minha
3. fellowship offering – shelimim
4. purification offering – hattat
5. guilt offering – asham |
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Term
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Definition
grain sacrifice, contains flour, olive oil and incense
*gift or "tribute" offering
*divided into 2 parts:
1) offering to God
2) food for the priest |
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Term
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Definition
burnt offering; means "descending"
*concerned with the expiation or atonement of sins.
*When the animal was brought to be sacrificed, the worshiper placed their hands on the animal before it was slaughtered. This was an act of identification signifying that the animal was to take the place of the worshiper, dying for his sins. After this identification, the animal is slaughtered, its blood gathered and splattered (on the altar). Then it is skinned and burned.
*he type of animal used depended in the economic situation of the worshiper. Cattle were used for a high income, sheep and goats for a middle, and birds for a low one. |
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Term
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Definition
fellowship offering; means "peace"
*fellowship bt worshiper and God and other worshipers
*meal took place afterward as a celebration of God's covenant relationship with His people |
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Term
| What is the connection bt sacrifice, repentance and covenant? |
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Definition
| when they sinned, they sacrificed as an outward sign of an inward act of repentance, and this restored their covenant with God. |
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Term
| what is the significance of the priest's clothes? |
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Definition
| used blue, purple and scarlet thread, which is the same colors used for decoration of the tabernacle...priests are becoming mini tabernacles set apart for God's service |
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Term
| Reconstruct the Day of Atonement and identify it's purpose: |
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Definition
literally means "at one with God"
One day a year, the high priest entered the Most Holy room, the one containing the Ark of the Covenant.
Step 1: First he changed clothes from his priestly tunic to a simple white robe. This was to show humility while in the presence of God.
Step 2: He then offers sacrifices for his sins and the sins of Israel after which he uses two goats in the ceremony.
Step 3: He places his hands on the first goat (which becomes the scapegoat) and
Step 4: sends it out into the wilderness to associate it with the removal of sin from the community.
Step 5: The second goat is sacrificed with regular atonement value for Israel and himself.
Step 6: He brings the blood of the goat into the Most Holy place and sprinkles it on the arc. In this ritual, the sins of the nation of Israel are atoned for. |
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Term
| Why are some foods unclean? |
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Definition
unclean foods do not conform to the norms of their categories.
*food laws separate Israelites from the Gentiles |
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Term
| Why are skin diseases a problem? |
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Definition
| sanitation; did not want to infect the priesthood...needed to protect the holiness of God's dwelling place |
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Term
| Why are skin diseases a problem? |
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Definition
| sanitation; did not want to infect the priesthood...needed to protect the holiness of God's dwelling place |
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Term
| Why do blood and semen get special treatment in Leviticus? |
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Definition
they were such holy substances that they were considered unclean
~blood: important in sacrifices; represented both life and death
~semen: offered life and the divine promise of seed. |
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Term
| Numbers: title, structure, genre, composition and theme |
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Definition
Title:
The book of Numbers is named such because of its use of numbers.
composition: follows the same general pattern of the rest of the Pentateuch-essential Mosaic authorship with the use of some source material (JEPD and others).
Genre: consistent with that of the rest of the Pentateuch--instructional history. It also shows the prophetic history of the law.
structure: of Numbers is based on the death of the Old generation of God’s people (which occurred out of Egypt on the march in the wilderness) and the birth of the New (as they prepare to enter the Promised Land).
Theme: God stays involved. The sin of the first generation could have ended the story of redemption and destroyed Gods people, but God did not abandon his people even in their rebellion and sin. |
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Term
| What role do the census reports found in Numbers 1 and 26 play in the book fo Numbers? |
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Definition
ch. 1 is the original wilderness generation, who dies there bc of their sin
ch. 26 is the 2nd generation who is allowed to go into the promised land |
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Term
| Structure of a covenant/treaty: |
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Definition
Berit is the Hebrew word for covenant/treaty. There is a six-part structure to this covenant/treaty:
1. Introduction of parties.
2. Historical review – the relationship between a King and his vassal people (past to present).
3. Law: this flows from the historical review.
4. Blessings and curses (the consequences of the law).
5. Witnesses to testify if the relationship was ever made.
6. Review and succession. |
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Term
| Development of covenant theology from the beginning to the end of the Bible: |
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Definition
The history of covenant theology (relationship between God and his people) is based on five main covenants. It’s important to note that the covenants do not replace one another, but rather build on one another. They can renew and reaffirm ones commitment to previous covenants.
1. Noah (Gen. 9)–covenant of creation. (Adamic covenant?)
2. Abraham (Gen. 12:1-3)- covenant of promise (seed, offspring, land, blessings). Renewed in Gen. 15:17.
3. Moses (Ex. 19-23)- covenant of the law (renewed in Joshua 24). Renewed in Joshua 24.
4. David (2 Sam. 7)– covenant of Kingship.
5. Jeremiah (Jeremiah 31:31-34)– New covenant. Gives future promise and hope. |
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Term
| Deuteronomy: title, structure, genre and composition |
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Definition
title: Deuteronomy means, “second giving of the law”.
composition: It is the last book of the Pentateuch given by Moses late in his life. It used D and has a third person narrative due to the mention of “across the river” of Palestine
structure: Many of the earlier laws are repeated again, sometimes with a new twist.
genre: a collection of Moses’ sermons, is in the form of a vassal treaty. This means that God is like the great king ruling over us, his servants. |
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Term
| Distinctive laws of Deuteronomy: |
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Definition
1. The law of centralization: there will be only one place to worship in the future. This law comes into effect with the building of the temple.
2. The law of the prophets: listen to the prophets, but beware of false prophets. Do not follow the prophet if a. what he says comes true but he says to follow another god, or b. if what he says is from Yahweh does not come true. False prophets are to be put to death.
3. The law of the King: these laws lay down the conditions for how future kings should behave. This human king is a reflection of the divine King and is to be a standard among his people.
4. The law of blessings and curses: these really just flow from the law. If you follow God, you will be blessed. If you don’t follow God, you will be cursed. |
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Term
| Ancient Near Eastern background of the treaty covenant: |
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Definition
2 Collections:
1) Hittite-15th C. BC
2) Neo-Assyrian-7th C. BC
This vassal treaty was written in Akkadian. It was a treaty between the Hittite King, Mursilis, and the Amerru King, Tuppi-Deshub. This illustrates the six-piece structure, which is also found in Deuteronomy and Joshua 24. |
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