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Property does not include confidential information. |
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Property does not include corpses. |
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A defendant can steal his own property. |
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An assumption of ANY rights of the owner constitutes an appropriation. |
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Appropriation can still take place even if there is consent. Everything depends on the mens rea. |
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Two-stage test for dishonesty: (objective) would a reasonable person consider the act to be dishonest and (subjective) did the defendant realize that a reasonable person would consider his act to be dishonest. |
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Borrowing would only amount to deprivation of property if it was returned in such a changed condition that it no longer had its previous characteristics. |
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Even a gift, if received dishonestly can be held to have appropriated property. |
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Dishonesty is a question of fact for the jury. |
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Making off from "the spot" can be a mobile location. |
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If D agrees to pay later, there will be no offence of making off without paying. |
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A D who intends to pay later, will not be guilty of making off without intention to pay. |
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