Term
| Distrubution of body fluids |
|
Definition
2/3 intracellular
1/3 extracellular |
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Term
| Factors contributing to an increase in blood sodium concentration (3) |
|
Definition
decrease in body water,
decrease in blood volume
or increase in sodium |
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Term
| what is stimulated when blood sodium content is increased |
|
Definition
| osmoreceptors in hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| what two things are stimulated when osmoreceptors are stimulated |
|
Definition
posterior pituaritory gland to release ADH
or thirst |
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Term
| How does the release of ADH help to maintain homeostasis when there is an increase in sodium blood concentration (1+2) |
|
Definition
The kidney reabsorb water:
-less urine is formed therefore causing an increase in blood volume and decreasing blood sodium concentration |
|
|
Term
| What effects doe soft drinks have when used to relieve thirst (3) |
|
Definition
| flud is drqwn from the digestive tract, lost in faeces and worsens the blood sodium concentration |
|
|
Term
| What effects does alcohol have wehn used to relieve thirst |
|
Definition
| ADH release by the posterior pituaritory is inhibited and therefore worsening the sodium blood concentration |
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Term
|
Definition
Occurs as fluid is attracted to protein in the bloodstream. Fluid is drawn from the interstitual space and into the capillaries |
|
|
Term
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure |
|
Definition
Force in the interstitium. Presence of fluid in the interstitum facilitated the inward movement of water from the interstitual space and into the capillary and also, the lymphatic vessels |
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|
Term
Capillary hydrostatic pressure |
|
Definition
Present within all blood vessels. The pressure that pushes the blood along the blood vessels, also push water out from the capillary to the interstitual space |
|
|
Term
| role of the lymphatic system in maintaining balance between fluid compartments |
|
Definition
| collects extra fluids in the interstitial fluid. This fluid is called 'lymph and is drained in the lymph nodes and returned back to the blood vessels as plasma |
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Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of excessive fluid within the interstitial space |
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|
Term
| factors causing oedema (4) |
|
Definition
| decrease in plasma oncotic pressure. Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure and capillary permeability. Reduced lymphatic drainage |
|
|
Term
| clinical manifestaions of oedema |
|
Definition
| weight gain, swelling/puffiness, tight fitting clothes/shoes, limited movements in joints, less nutrient absorption and wastes removal from the blood due to swelling, decrease in blood flow, prolonged wound healing process |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A by-product of protein metabolism. Liver metabolises amino acids into albumin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low albumin in plasma due to liver not being able to metabolise protein |
|
|
Term
| predisposing factors to pulmonary oedema (3) |
|
Definition
| left ventricular heart failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome and toxic gas inhalation |
|
|
Term
| describe processes of pulmonary oedema (increase in pulmonary hydrostatic pressure, changes in hydrostatic pressure/lymphatic drainage and inflammatory response) |
|
Definition
increase in pulmonary hydrostatic pressure -> fluid escapes from pulmonary tissue and into lungs -> pulmonary oedema
or
hydrostatic pressure > lymphatic systems drainage
or
pulomanry capillary damage -> inflammatory process -> triggers chemical mediators -> dilation and increased permeability of capillaries |
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|
Term
| describe process of oedema in kidney damage |
|
Definition
| glomeruli fails to filter proteins -> protein excreted in urine -> hypoproteinemia -> decrease oncotic pressure -> more fluid to interstitial space -> oedema |
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