Term
eye movements which work to hold an image steady on the
fovea of the retina:
-___ ___ holds image of a stationary object on fovea when head is still
-___ holds images steady on retina during brief head rotations.
-___ holds images steady on retina during sustained head rotation. |
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Definition
| Visual fixation; Vestibular; OPK |
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Term
Types of eye movements that direct the fovea to any object:
1. ___ bring images of objects of interest rapidly to the fovea.
2. ___ quick phases reset the eyes during prolonged rotation and direct gaze toward oncoming visual scene.
3. ___ ___ hold the image of a moving target on the fovea
4. ___ moves both eyes in opposite directions so that images of a single object are simultaneously placed on the fovea |
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Definition
| Saccade; Nystagmus; Smooth pursuit; Vergence |
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Term
| What are the 6 eye muscles responsible for moving the eye? |
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Definition
| Lateral, Superior, Medial and Inferior rectus, and Superior and inferior oblique |
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Term
Innervation for eye muscles:
-The superior oblique muscle is innervated by the ___ nerve
-the medial, inferior, and superior recti, and the inferior oblique are innervated by ___ nerve.
-the lateral rectus muscle, innervated by the ___ nerve. |
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Definition
| trochlear nerve (IV); oculomotor nerve (III); abducens (VI) |
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Term
| horizontal movement away from the median plane |
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Definition
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Term
| horizontal movement toward the median plane |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| rotation where the top pole of the eye rotates toward the median plane |
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Definition
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Term
| rotation where the top pole of the eye rotates away from the median plane |
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Definition
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Term
| conjugate eye movements, rotating both eyes in the same direction by the same amount |
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Definition
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Term
| both eyes rotating to the right |
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Definition
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Term
| both eyes rotating to the left |
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Definition
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Term
| both eyes rotating so the top pole of the eyes rotates toward the subjects right |
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Definition
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Term
| both eyes rotating so the top pole of the eyes rotates toward the subjects left |
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Definition
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Term
| Monocular movements of each eye |
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Definition
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Term
disjunctive eye movements, rotating the two eyes in opposite
directions |
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Definition
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Term
| both eyes rotating horizontally toward the median plane |
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Definition
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Term
| both eyes rotating horizontally away from the median plane |
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Definition
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Term
both eyes rotating the upper pole toward the median
plane |
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Definition
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Term
| both eyes rotating the upper pole away from the median plane |
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Definition
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Term
Sherrington’s Law:
-When a muscle contracts its direct antagonist ___ to an equal amount allowing ___ movement |
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Definition
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Term
Hering's Law: -Conjugacy of eye movements is due to ___ connections in which eyes muscles for each eye are innervated ___
-Allows conjugate ___ movement
-Note: HL Underlying neural signals to both eyes are driven by the ___ innervation. This results in conjugate eye movement. For horizontal eye movements, contractions of the lateral rectus on one side must be accompanied by contraction of the ___ rectus on the opposite side |
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Definition
| innate; equally; saccade; same; medial |
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Term
| Which eyes provide horizontal movement? |
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Definition
| medial and lateral recti muscles |
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Term
Vertical and torsional eye movements are controlled by 2 pairs:
-Superior rectus – primary function is ___ (intorsion, adduction)
-Inferior rectus – primary function is ___ (extorsion and adduction)
-Superior oblique – primary function is ___ (depression and abduction)
-Inferior oblique – primary function is ___ (elevation and abduction); outward turning of the muscle inward turning of the eye |
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Definition
| elevation; depression; intorsion; extorsion |
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Term
| What pathology causes disconjugate eye movement? |
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Definition
| Multiple sclerosis. Eyes don't move together. |
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Term
The neural pathway for saccade movement:
-Many ___ pathways
-Calibrated by ___
-All saccadic pathways go through the ___
-Almost all clinically important saccadic disorders are due to ___/___ lesions
-Created by rapidly firing brainstem cells called “___ ___”
-Horizontal saccade-cells located mainly in the ___ in the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)
-Vertical saccade-cells in ___ in the rostral interstitial nucleus of the median longitudinal fasciculus (RIMLF) |
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Definition
| parallel; cerebellum; brainstem; brainstem/cerebellar; burst cells; pons; midbrain |
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Term
Timing of the events of saccade movement:
-Rapid eye movements made to bring a point of regard onto the ___
-Begin abruptly with about ___ ms latency after appearance of target
-Last __-__ ms
-Ends ___ |
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Definition
| fovea; 200; 50-100; abruptly |
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Term
| List 7 important neural structures for smooth pursuit. |
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Definition
| Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), Medial superior temporal visual area (MST), Posterior parietal cortex (PEF), Frontal eye field (FEF), Supplementary eye field (SEF), Dorsolateral pontine nuclei (DLPN), and Nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) |
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Term
| Alexander's Law: Nystagmus is strongest when gazing in the direction of the ___ phase |
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Definition
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Term
6 eye movement symptoms expected for a peripheral gaze evoked nystagmus:
-Acute – nystagmus only visible with ___ present
-Direction fixed – nystagmus with fixation ___ or ___; may have both horizontal and vertical components but must have a ___ component (Pure vertical nystagmus is considered ___)
-Alexander’s Law – should follow Alexander’s law for ___ component
-Enhanced with fixation ___ – primary determiner of the periphery as source
-Nystagmus ___ with head-shake test
-Linear ___ component |
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Definition
| fixation; present or absent; horizontal; central; horizontal; removed; enhanced; slow |
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Term
Eye movements expected for a central gaze nystagmus:
-Acute or Chronic – nystagmus seen with ___, persists following lesions onset without significant change in ___
-Direction _________.
-Rarely in ___ gaze
-___ with fixation present
-___ nystagmus post head-shake test
-___ (non-linear) speed of slow component |
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Definition
| fixation; intensity; fixed or changing; primary; Enhanced; Vertical; Decreasing |
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