Term
| WHAT IS AORTIC STENOSIS SEVERITY DETERMINED BY? |
|
Definition
| THE DIFFERENCE IN LEFT VENTRICULAR PRESSURE (LVP) AND PEAK AORTIC PRESSURE DURING SYSTOLE. |
|
|
Term
| WHICH PRESSURE LAGS BEHIND WITH AORTIC STENOSIS? |
|
Definition
| THE AORTIC PRESSURE WILL LAG BEHIND THE VENTRICULAR PRESSURE AS IT OVERCOMES THE STENOTIC VALVE. AORTIC PRESSURE ATTAINS ITS PEAK AFTER VENTRICULAR PRESSURE. |
|
|
Term
| IS THERE A CHANGE IN AORTIC PRESSURE DURING AORTIC STENOSIS? |
|
Definition
| ARTERIAL PRESSURE DOES NOT REDUCE SIGNIFICANTLY DUE TO COMPENSATION. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT TYPE OF MURMUR DO YO HEAR WITH AORTIC STENOSIS? |
|
Definition
| DECRESCENDO SYSTOLIC MUMUR. VERY LOUD INITIALLY WHEN THE VALVE IS FORCED OPEN BUT THEN TRENDING DOWN AS PRESSURE FALLS. |
|
|
Term
| HOW IS SEVEREITY DETERMINED WITH MITRAL STENOSIS? |
|
Definition
| AMOUNT OF ELEVATION OF ATRIAL PRESSURE DURING DIASTOLE. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT TYPE OF WAVES WILL CHANGE WITH AORTIC STENOSIS? |
|
Definition
| WILL RETAIN A AND V WAVES BUT WILL LOSE THE C WAVE FROM THE INCREASED ATRIAL PRESSURE. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT TYPE OF MUMUR DOES MITRAL STENOSIS CAUSE? |
|
Definition
| A DIASTOLIC MUMUR DECRESCENDO CRECENDO AT THE END OF THE MURMUR IS CAUSED BY ATRIAL KICK. |
|
|
Term
| IS THERE A DIACROTIC NOTCH WITH AORTIC REGURGITATION? |
|
Definition
| NO. AORTIC REGURGITATON CAUSES A DROP IN AORTIC END DIASTOLIC PRESSURE AND ABSENCE OF DIACROTIC NOTCH. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT TYPE OF MUMUR IS PRESENT WITH AORTIC REGURGITATION? |
|
Definition
| DIASTOLIC MUMUR DE CRESCENDO THAT IS CAUSED BY THE MOST TURBULENT FLOW AT THE BEGINNING OF DIASTOLE WHEN AORTIC PRESSURE IS HIGHEST THEN TRENDING DOWN. |
|
|
Term
| HOW IS MITRAL REGURGITATION SEVERITY DTERMINED BY? |
|
Definition
| THE INCREASE IN LEFT ATRIAL PRESSURE AT THE V WAVE. |
|
|
Term
| IS THE AMOUNT OF FLOW GOING INTO THE AORTA THE SAME AS THE AMOUNT GOING THROUGH THE CAPILLARIES? WHY? |
|
Definition
| YES. THE AREA FOR CAPILLARIES IS SO MUCH LARGER BECAUSE WE ARE COMPARING THE AREA OF BILLIONS OF CAPILLARIES TO OUR 1 AORTA. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT CAUSES OUR CHANGES IN VELOCITY? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHERE DO WE SEE THE LOWEST VELOCITY AT? |
|
Definition
| IN THE CAPILLARIES BECASUSE THEY HAVE THE LARGEST TOTAL CROSS SECTIONAL AREA. |
|
|
Term
| WHEN WE COME TO THE ARTERIES THERE IS A SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE BUT AS THE BLOOD MOVES THROUGH THE ------ PULSATILITY IS LOST? |
|
Definition
| ARTERIOLES. THIS SI GOOD BECASUE WE WANT A CONTSTANT VELOCITY THROUGH THE CAPILLARIES FOR DIFFUSION, NOT SPURTS OF BLOOD THEN NONE. THIS IS DONE BY THE INCREASING VASCULAR RESISITANCE OF THE ARTEROLE BED AS NOTED ON THE BOTTOM GRAPH. |
|
|
Term
| DOES THE FLOW THROUGH THE ARTERIOLES AND THE FLOW THROUGH THE CAPILLARIES EQUAL EACH OTHER? |
|
Definition
| YES Q IS THEREFORE CONSTANT. SO AS RESISTANCE INCREASE (IN ARTERIOLES) AND FLOW IS MAINTAINED, THERE WILL BE AN INCREASED PRESSURE AT THE ARTERIOLES AND DECREASED PRESSURE DOWNSTREAM (CAPILLARIES). |
|
|
Term
| WHAT CAUSES A SIGNIFICANT DROP IN PRESSURE TO THE CAPILLARIES? |
|
Definition
| ELEVATED VASCULAR RESISITANCE OF THE ARTERIOLES. |
|
|
Term
| WHERE IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LV OUTPUT AND RV OUTPUT TAKEN UP TO? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHERE DOES THE HIGHEST PRESSURE DROP TAKE PLACE AT? |
|
Definition
| THE ARTERIOLE BED. THE VASCULAR BED IS DESIGNED THIS WAY BECAUSE WE NEED TO SLOE DOWN THE VELOCITY IN THE CAPILLARIES TO PROMOTR DIFFUSION AND TO PROTECT THE CAPILLARIES. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT LAYERS OF THE VESSEL DOES THE ARTERIOLES HAVE? |
|
Definition
| ALL 3. TUNICA INTIMA, MEDIA, AND EXTERNA. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT LAYER OF THE VESSEL DOES THE CAPILLARY HAVE? |
|
Definition
| ONLY 1. THE TUNICA INTIMA WHICH IS FOR DIFFUSION. CONSISTS OF SIMPLE SQUAMOUS ENDOTHELIUM. INSIDE IS LIKE TEFLON SO NOTHING STICKS AND IS FLOWS THROUGH. |
|
|
Term
| DESCRIBE THE ARTERIOLES IN RELATION TO THE CELL LAYERS. WHAT IS DIFFERENT WITH THEM? |
|
Definition
| THE ARTERIOLES HAVE A VERY THICK TUNICA MEDIA (SMOOTH MUSCLE) IN ORDER TO DIVERT FLOW TO VARIOUS BEDS AND TO PROTECT THE CAPILLARIES FROM EXCESS PRESSURES. |
|
|
Term
| FROM THE PULSATILITES THE UPSTROKE ON THE PULSATILITY TO THE LEFT IS SYSTOLE-HEART EJECTING BLOOD INTO THE AORTA. WHAT IS THE FALL? |
|
Definition
| IT IS THE DIASTOLIC RUNOFF. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT HAPPENS TO DO B/P WITH AORTIC STENOSIS? |
|
Definition
| PERHAPS ONLY A SLIGHT DECREAE IN PEAK SYSTOLIC PRESSURE AND PERHAPS SLIGHT DECREASE IN DIASTOLIC PRESSURE AND MAP. DIASTOLIC PRESSURE IS DETERMINED BY AORTIC DIASTOLIC RUNOFF. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT HAPPENS TO B/P WITH AORTIC REGURGITATION? |
|
Definition
| A DECREASE IN DIASTOLIC PRESSURE BASED ON HOW SEVERE THE REGURGITATION IS BECASUE OF THE ADDITIONAL SOURCE OF AORTIC RUNOFF. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT DETERMINES HOW THICK THE TUNICA MEDIA IS? |
|
Definition
| THE FUNCTION OF THE BED. ARTERIOLES WILL HAVE MORE THAN VENULES (90% OF THEIR THICKNESS). |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS TUNICA EXTERNA MADE OF? |
|
Definition
|
|
