Term
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Definition
| A State of bipedal support of body weight during which all bones of the foot remain nearly motionless. |
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Term
| What causes the interruption of Static Stance? |
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Definition
| Muscle contraction that relieves fatigue |
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Term
| T/F In Static Stance, body weight is supported by both feet equally? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the weight distribution of each foot? |
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Definition
| 1/4 on Forefoot, 1/4 on Heel and 1/2 on bones of the Midfoot. |
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Term
| The bones of the Midfoot make up what system? |
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Definition
| The Arch System (Medial, Lateral and Transverse) |
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Term
| In parts, what is the weight distribution of the Met. Heads? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Loading axis extends from ___________________ and the _________________ for normal distribution to be seen? |
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Definition
| Center of the Trochlea of the Talus and 2nd Intermetatarsal Space |
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Term
| If the Loading Axis was shifted medially the 1st and 2nd Mets would bear how much more weight? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes a medial shift of the Loading Axis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes a lateral shift of the Loading Axis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What must happen for the FF to bear 1/4 of the total weight placed on the foot? |
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Definition
| Gastrocnemius muscle must fire. (Thereby placing tension on the Achilles tendon which places a plantarflexory force on the foot) |
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Term
| The force exerted by the Achilles tendon must __________ the force of the load on the Tibia before the forefoot will bear wieght? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much of the body should be supported by the feet anterior to the ankle joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| What make up the Base of Support of the feet? |
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Definition
| Lateral Margins and Posterior Margins of both feet, and MPJ of both feet. |
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Term
| What FF structure does not bear weight without muscle function? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the position during static stance of the Leg and Calcaneus? |
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Definition
| The Legs and the saggital bisection of the Calcaneus are Perpendicular to the ground. |
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Term
| What is the position during static stance of the STJ? |
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Definition
| The STJ of both feet are in Neutral (Heel biseciton perpendicular to the ground) |
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Term
| What is the position during static stance of the MTJ? |
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Definition
| The MTJs are locked in their fully pronated positions. (FF is perpendicular to the heel bisection) |
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Term
| Are the MTJ and STJ different? |
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Definition
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Term
| What difines the STJ as Neutral? |
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Definition
| We can get 20' of inversion and eversion |
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Term
| What is occuring on the Plantar Surface of the FF during Static Stance? |
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Definition
| It rests fully on the ground, all Met Heads bear weight, and the FF is perpendicular to a vertical bisection of the heel. |
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Term
| T/F No muscle support is needed to keep structural integrity during Static Stance? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Bones of the foot are moving while they bear weight? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does loss of postural equilibrium cause in Static Stance? |
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Definition
| Bone movement as compensation for position. |
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Term
| How does Newton's 2nd Law translate in the Kinetic Foot? |
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Definition
| f = forces action upon bones of a joint, m = mass or in this case body weight, a = acceleration or the speed of locomotion. |
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Term
| How does Newtons 2nd Law effect the foot? |
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Definition
| The faster a person walks or the heavier that person is the greater the forces action on the joints of thefoot during gait. |
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Term
| What are "all" the forces at work on the foot during gait? |
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Definition
| Ground reactive forces interacting with the forces of mass, acceleration, and muscle tension at the joints of the foot. |
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Term
| What are the two components of forces interacting at a joint? |
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Definition
| Comression and Bending (Rotaional) |
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Term
| What 3 things are necessary for achieving joint stability? |
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Definition
| Bone compression, muscle contraction and little or no ligament tension. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscles undergo contraction at certain periods of the gait cycle to exert their action. |
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Term
| What do Phasic Activity of muscle do at joints and Ground Reactive Forces? |
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Definition
| Resist Rotatory Movements |
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Term
| T/F Rotational Force increases at most joints during pronation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does rotational force increase during pronation? |
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Definition
| B/c the angles between bones increase and the angles that forces interact across a joint also increase. |
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Term
| T/F Muscle needs to work harder in a stable supinated footo resist rotational forces? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F You can't have to much stability in a Foot? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Emergency Stability? |
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Definition
| Movtion that is not anticipated so muscle provides little initial resistance, and stability is given by ligaments and joint capsule. |
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Term
| T/F As ligaments lengthen resistance to the emergency rotational forces increases? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does stretch on ligaments and capsules stimulate, that stabilize the joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during emergency instability? |
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Definition
| Dec. motion of subluxing joint, Inc. contraction of muscles responsible for stabilizing joint and keep joint integrity intact until muscle fx reestablishes the joint. |
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Term
| Why is fiberous tissue that replaces ligament tissue in a sprain not as good? |
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Definition
| Not as strong, elastic or as many propriocetors. (This leads to more sprians) |
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Term
| What are the 5 ways Ligaments can fail? |
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Definition
| Sprain, Rupture, Avulsion Fracture, Joint damage due to compression of articular surfaces and Total Joint Dislocation. |
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Term
| What is the Primary cause of mechanical trauma to the foot? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 examples of Kinetic instability? |
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Definition
| Hypermobility and Subluxation |
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Term
| What does abnormal shifting of weight bearing bones, between bone and surrounding soft tissue wihich are fixed against shoe gear, in the hypermobile foot result in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Shearing Force cause? |
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Definition
| Internal tissuse damage which eventually maifests in external symptoms like corns, calluses and neuromas. |
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Term
| What is another down fall of Shoe Gear? |
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Definition
| Inhibits proprioception and sensory in general (Just as you body ignores your clothes and becomes less sensitive) |
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Term
| What are some pathologies that can result from subluxations? |
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Definition
| Ligament Strain, Muscle Fatigue and Joint Deformities (Hallux Abducto Valgus, Hammer Toes and Hallux limitus) |
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Term
| T/F Juvenile bone is more adaptable than adult bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can subluxation in the adult foot result in? |
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Definition
| Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) |
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Term
| T/F Trauma is more likely in Adult Bone? |
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Definition
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