Term
| T/F All motion of the foot produces forces against the ground? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 types of Ground Reactive Forces? |
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Definition
| Vertical and Linear Shear Forces |
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Term
| T/F The ground response with equal and opposite forces against the foot? |
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Definition
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Term
| The foot supports body weight as the __________________ of the body passes in linear progression above the foot? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Vertical ground reactive forces on the foot are constat during the stance phase of gait? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of progression does the Center of Gravity have during the Contact Phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the two peaks of center of gravity for Vertical ground reactive forces? |
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Definition
| End of contact period (when weight is supported by one foot) and Midway through propulsive phase (All weight is on the ball of one foot) |
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Term
| What causes the 1st peak of center of gravity of the vertical ground reactive forces? |
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Definition
| The elevation of the center of body weight as it is lifted over the weight of bearing limb. |
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Term
| What causes the 2nd peak of center of gravity of vertical ground reactive forces? |
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Definition
| The kinetic energy from the falling trunk and muscle function that elevates the heel and provides a push to the center of gravity during propulsion. |
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Term
| "T/F During the peaks of center of gravity of vertical ground reactive forces, ground reactive force is smaller than body weight?" |
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Definition
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Term
| The abnormal foot is more open to trauma from instability or compensation during the peaks of center of gravity of vertical ground reactive forces? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of force is Linear force? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when stress causes one part to slide over another because of a blow or other significant impact. |
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Term
| When does Shear Force occur during Stance Phase of Gait? |
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Definition
| "Contact Period and Propulsive Period (Similar to the peaks of center of gravity of vertical ground forces, but not exactly)" |
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Term
| What type of shearing occurs at Heel Strike? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure dissipates most of the posterior shear? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does the Plantar Fat Pad function well to dissipate posterior shearing force? |
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Definition
| High in water content. Water dissipates Heat well. Friction produces Heat. |
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Term
| T/F Posterior Shear Force is between Skin and the Ground? |
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Definition
| "TRUE, though the posterior shear between bone and ST is more relevant." |
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Term
| What people are effected more by posterior shear force? |
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Definition
| Elderly and those with pathology including autoimmune ds. |
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Term
| What causes Anterior Shear? |
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Definition
| Heel lift and the puss off of propulsion. This imparts a linear acceleration of center of gravity of the trunk in a forward direction. |
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Term
| What prevents posterior movement of the foot during propulsion? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is Anterior Shear at it's peak? |
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Definition
| When the opposite foot makes contact with the ground. |
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Term
| What cause the Anterior Shear? |
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Definition
| Soft tissue will be displaced anteriorly to the Met Heads. |
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Term
| What is one pathology that would shift the Fat Pad under the ball of the foot? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the wasting or further anterior displacement of the Fat Pad cause? |
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Definition
| "ST Trauma, Hermorrhage, Fibrosis, and Hyperkeratiotic Lesions or even Ulcerration." |
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Term
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Definition
| When forces produce a turning effect (observed as a moment.) |
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Term
| When does Torque develop between the ground and the foot? |
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Definition
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Term
| What specifically causes Troque to develop during the Stance Phase of Gait? |
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Definition
| Internal/External rotation of the Leg. |
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Term
| At what point in gait is the leg internally rotated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes the STJ to pronate during Heel Strike? |
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Definition
| Internal rotation of the Tibia and the fact that the ground friction stops the foot from rotating with the Tibia. |
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Term
| What is the Torque converter? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The STJ dissipates all of the Torque form the Tibia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What prevents the foot from rotating with the Tibia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the initial internal torque (that the STJ can't dissipate) at early Contact Period do? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is Torque virtually eliminated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of Torque begins to develope as the leg externally rotates at the start of Midstance Period? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does the 2nd Toque reach it's peak? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which Torque peak is larger? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes Lateral Shear? |
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Definition
| Side to side motion of the trunk. |
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Term
| When does Lateral Shear peak? |
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Definition
| End of Contact Period and during Propulsion. |
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Term
| T//F Lateral Shear Forces are clinically insignificant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 primary factors in stability? |
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Definition
| Osseous Structure and Muscle Activity. |
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Term
| What are the 2 primary causes of abnormal shearing between bones and ST? |
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Definition
| Abnormal STJ Pronation and Hypermobility. |
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Term
| What would be Abnormal STJ Pronation? |
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Definition
| Pronation during Midstance or Propulsive Periods. |
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Term
| T/F ST is fixed against shoe gear? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Most shear between bone and ST will cause ST trauma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does pronation of the STJ during propulsion cause? |
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Definition
| Excessive Osseous Motion (which can lead to ST trauma) |
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