Term
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Definition
| Represented by arrows indicating direction of a vector and the length of the arrow indicating the magnitude of the force. Acceleration is also considered a vector. Vectors and Magnitude AND Direction. |
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Term
| What is a Vector Polygon? |
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Definition
| When all forces lie on the same plane we have a Vector Polygon. |
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Term
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Definition
| The resultant vector sum of forces that act upon a given mass. |
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Term
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Definition
| The vector representing motion that is in one direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| The vector representing force along one axis aor are linear in nature. |
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Term
| What is Rotational Motion? |
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Definition
| (EG) Weight on the end of a rope traveling on a circular path. Tension on rope exerts a force on the mass toward the center of the circle. Direction of velocity of the mass is Counter Clockwise. Vectors must be viewed a various moments in the rotation. |
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Term
| What is Newton's 1st Law? |
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Definition
| The net moment action on the mass is equal to the moment of Inertia time angular acceleration. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency of something to remain at rest. |
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Term
| What is Newton's 2nd Law? |
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Definition
| f = ma (Force = Mass x Acceleration) |
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Term
| T/F The foot generally has no acceleration when in contact with the ground? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 time of acceleration in the foot? |
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Definition
| Contact Period and Final Propulsion Off |
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Term
| If net forces are zero, we call that? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Newton's 3rd Law? |
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Definition
| To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bones are the levers which are rotated about an axis by means of muscles AND external forces. |
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Term
| Energy derived from muscular contraction is transmitted by what to move body segments? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A rigid bar that revolves around an axis or a fulcrum |
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Term
| How many classes of Levers are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Point of Application of Effort? |
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Definition
| The point at which contracting muscle is attached to the moving bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| The force acting at its point of application represented by a vector, vector is always the muscle (E) |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement arm for the effort - the distance from the axis of rotation to the point of muscle attachment (EA) |
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Term
| What is the Point of Acceleration of Resistance? |
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Definition
| The center of gravity of the mass of the lever. CAN change with weight (mass) of external object applied to lever changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The force acting at its application point having a vector in the opposite direction of the effort (R) |
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Term
| What is the Resistance Arm? |
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Definition
| The moment arm for resistance - distance from the axis of rotation to the resistance vector. (RA) |
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Term
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Definition
| Resistance Arm is larger than Effort Arm |
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Term
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Definition
| Effort Arm is larger that Resistance Arm |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle that will have influence over 2 joints, thus multiple axis. They can act like Class 1 or 2. |
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Term
| T/F In a Positive Mechanical Advantages, EA > RA? |
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Definition
| TRUE, Magnifies force (2nd Class, wieght lifting) |
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Term
| T/F In a Negative Mechanical Advantage, RA < EA? |
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Definition
| FALSE, Magnifies Speed (1st Class) |
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Term
| T/F Negative Mechanical Advantage overcome resistance well? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F All muscles operate on the Lever Principle? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Standing Still - Bones in static stance are in near balance in which the bones move slowly and slightly. |
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Term
| T/F Tension of ligaments always resist motion at weight bearing joints? |
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Definition
| FALSE, only in Static Stance |
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Term
| What structures in tendons sense for proprioception? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the ability to stand in Static Position limited? |
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Definition
| Because Equilibrium is not perfect, motion occurs stretching the ligaments slightly. It actually lasts for < one minute, and then requires momentary muscle contraction to re-establish osseous position and relieve tension on the ligaments. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Joints must only move within their normal planes of motion and to a limited amount of motion? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| This occurs whenever a joint moves excessively or in any direction outside its normal plane of motion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any motion in a direction outside its normal plane of motion causes instability. |
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Term
| What does Hypermobility cause in a joint? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A state of partial dislocation - joint margins compress on one side and separate on the opposite side. |
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Term
| What is the result of Subluxation at a given joint? |
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Definition
| Trauma to the joint and results in Functional Adaptation or Degenerative Joint Disease. |
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Term
| T/F Small amounts of force can result in osseous instability |
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Definition
| TRUE, especially over time. |
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Term
| What 2 forces act on weight bearing bones? |
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Definition
| Compression and Rotational Force |
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Term
| T/F Muscles play a role in dynamic stance only? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Compression force? |
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Definition
| Pushing bones together, enhances osseous stability. |
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Term
| Is Compression force good or bad? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Rotational Force? |
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Definition
| Rotating bone abnormally against its axis of motion, enhances instability. |
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Term
| Is Rotational Force good or bad? |
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Definition
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Term
| When angulation of forces at a joint is __________, compression is usually achieved. When anulaiton is _____________ less joint compression achieved and more rotational force is seen creating instability? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Muscle activity helps keep angulation of forces low, increasing stability? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does Pronated Foot increase or decrease angulation of forces thus decreasing stability? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The Supinated Foot increases angulation of forces, thus increasing stability? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F If you increase angulation of forces than muscles don't have to work as hard to maintain stability. Muscles can do this efficiently for a long time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when muscles fail to be efficiently maintain foot stability? |
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Definition
| This then decreases efficiency of overall gait and cause muscle imbalance. |
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Term
| Does the foot rely more on muscles during supination or pronation? |
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Definition
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