Term
| 3 Major stages in Oceanic Research |
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Definition
1- Exploration of boundaries
2- Early Scientific - describing ocean
3- Modern Oceanography - 20th cent. interdiciplinary research
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Term
Important Scientists (5)
Hint: Racoons Need Cake For Waking |
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Definition
Robert Boyle - Father of Oceanography
Newton - Tidal forces
Cook - 3 voyages
Forbes - Ocean lifeless more than 550 m
Wyville - Challenger |
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Term
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Definition
90% liquid in oceans
-only 10% of whats on earth,
rest is chem. bound |
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Term
| Basic cross section of the earth |
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Definition
Oreo cookie model
-Litho, asthen, mesosphere = rigid
-Outer core = liquid
-Inner core = rigid |
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Term
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Definition
Lithosphere- basalt
Asthenosphere- plastic
Mesosphere
Outer core
Inner core- iron, nickle, sulfur |
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Term
| Oceanic vs. Continental crust |
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Definition
•Continents
thick (30 to 40 km)
have low density
rise high above the supporting mantle rocks.
light colored igneous (aluminum)
•Sea floor
is thin (4 to 10 km)
has greater density
does not rise as high above the mantle.
dark colored volcanic (silicon/oxy)
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Term
How do we know structure?
Siesmetology
P vs. S waves |
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Definition
P- Push/Pull
Sound waves
Travel faster
S-Shake/Shear
Cannot pass through liquids
Layers:
-P & S
-No waves (Shadow Zone)
-Only P waves |
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Term
Bathymetry
average depth of the ocean?
deepest spot in the ocean? |
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Definition
-Submarine Landscape, Depth of ocean
- Av. Depth = 3796 m
-Deepest = Mariana Trench= 11022 m
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Term
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Definition
| boundary between crust and denser mantle |
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Term
| Sea floor divided 3 provinces |
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Definition
Continental Margin
Deep Ocean Basin
Midocean Ridge |
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Term
| Continental Margin vs. Ocean Basin |
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Definition
Continental Margin:
Continental Shelf
Slope
Rise
Basin:
Abyssal plains
Abyssal hills
Seamounts
Deep sea trenches
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Term
| Sonar vs. Seismic Profiling vs. Altimetry |
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Definition
Sonar:
Sound Navigation and Ranging
Siesmic Reflection:
examines how sound waves are bent (refracted)
Velocity of sound proportional to density
Altimetry:
Satellite
Gravitational attraction |
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Term
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Definition
-Continental Margin
-Most productive to man and sea life
-Beaches, lagoons, marshes, deltas, estuaries
-Estuaries = partially enclosed. source of fresh water = Chesapeake |
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Term
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Definition
-Shallow sea floor next to coast, fishing
-7.5% of sea floor
-Formed by glacial scour & sea level rise
-Georges Bank |
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