Term
| What are the three type of bathymetric soundings |
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Definition
| Multibeam sidescan and echo |
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Term
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Definition
a mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that doesn't reach to the water's surface,and isn't an island
Hawaiian Emperor seamount chain is a well-known example of a large seamount |
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Term
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Definition
is an isolated underwater volcanic mountain, with a flat top over 200 metres below the surface of the sea
As the mid-ocean ridges spread apart, the guyots move with them, thus continually sinking deeper into the depths of the ocea |
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Term
| Earths Structure by composition |
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Definition
Crust- Fe-poor Rock)
Mantle(Fe-richRock)
MetallicCore(Ni/Fe) |
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Term
| Earths crust by physical properties |
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Definition
Lithosphere (Crust andRigid Upper Mantle
Asthenosphere (Toothpaste Upper Mantle)
Mesosphere (Mantle)
Outer Core (Liquid Ni/Fe
Inner Core (Solid Ni/Fe) |
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Term
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Definition
The outer shell of the earth, the lithosphere, is broken into a few(10-20) internally rigid plates in continuous
relative motion. |
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Term
| Divergent Plate boundaries |
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Definition
Plates Move Apart at Mid-Ocean Ridges or Continental Rifts
Lithosphere is Created |
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Term
| Convergent Plate boundaries |
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Definition
Plates Collide at Trenches or Continent to Continent
Lithosphere subducted to Mantle
Lithosphere Raised to Himalayas |
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Term
| Transform Plate boundaries |
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Definition
Lithosphere is Conserved Transform Faults (San Andreas)
No volcanism
Moderate to Severe Earthquakes Transform (strike-slip) faults Connect spreading segments |
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Term
What boundary has
Shallow Focus (mild) Earthquakes
Basaltic Volcanism (non explosive)
Normal Faulting (extension) |
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Definition
| Divergent plate boundaries |
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Term
| How are rift valley's formed |
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Definition
| as the content undergoes extension crust is thinned and rift valley is formed |
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Term
| What are features of convergent plate boundaries |
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Definition
• Ocean trenches
• 1. Ocean crust - ocean crust
• 2. Ocean crust - continental crust
• 3. Continental crust - continental crust
• Shallow-, mid- and deep-focus earthquakes
• Volcanism (explosive)
• Mountain building |
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Term
| Content to Content collision |
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Definition
Buoyant continental crust just won’t go down. Massive Mountain building
Thickest crust
No volcanism |
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Term
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Definition
• Localized regions of high heat flow in the mantle.
• Cause melting in the overlying crust.
• Remain fixed for between 20 million and 100 million years.
• Massive Volcanic (non-explosive) eruptions |
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Term
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Definition
originate at CMB
thought to remain stationary relative to one another |
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Term
| What drives the plates and earths thermal engine |
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Definition
1. Original heat of planetary formation Kelvin:
Earth was originally molten
Cooling ever since Age of Earth=30My
2. radioactive decay (K, U, Th)
3. Heat of crystallization at outer/inner core boundary |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
plates are moving down slope due to gravity, from
high elevation at ridges to low elevation in trenches. |
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Term
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Definition
Subducting slab sinking into mantle pulls the rest
of the plate behind it. |
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