Term
| How is an animal different from a plant? Can animals make their own food? |
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Definition
| Plants make their own food AND then use it. Animals can only use food, they cannot make it. Animals are possible because plants make more food than they themselves can use, and store the balnce in seeds, leaves, fruits, veggies, roots, their bodies etc. |
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Term
| Have animals been around for most of the age of Earth? What had to happen before animals could evolve? |
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Definition
No, animals are relatively recent additon to Earth's life forms. Animals arose about 800 million years when there was enough oxeygen to support them(plants make their own oxygen, and we animals use their leftovers.
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Term
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Definition
(sponges)
characteristic- Collar Cells |
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Term
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Definition
(Jellies, Anemones, Siphonophores)
flower |
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Term
| Phylum Cnidaria Characteristics |
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Definition
1.(radial symmetry like a flower)
2.Stinging cells called Cnidoblasts-retractable stinger threads that immobilize prey and draw it in towards mouth |
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Term
| Phylum Porifera Characteristics |
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Definition
1.Collar Cells
2.Suspension Feeder |
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Term
| Which is the most successful animal phylum. (And, by the way, how do biologists define success. |
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Definition
| Success in biology is measured ONLY by offspring numbers. (A fish can control a huge territory, be drop dead beautiful, and have the prettiest collection of rocks in the reef, but if it dies without any babies, its a failure.)Be ANY measure of success (biomass, number of individuals, number of species,etc.)the arthropods are most successful Phylum,by far. There are more arthropods than all other animal groups combined |
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Term
| Of the vertebrates, which are most successful? |
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Definition
| Fishes, There are more species of fishes, and individual fishes, than all other vertebrates combined. |
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Term
| How are marine birds different from land-based birds? How do marine birds navigate over great distances? |
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Definition
| Marine birds have extremely efficient wings, are very light in weight for their size, and have salt glands to remove salts from their blood(they never need to drink freshwater)They appear to navigate by using sight, magnetism(Earth's magnetic feild),and even smell. |
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Term
| What's the difference between Odontoceti and Mysticeti(Types of whales)? |
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Definition
| Odontocete whales have teeth(like dolphins). Mysticete whales have plates of baleen a fibrous protein-carbohydrate material used to sieve zoo-plankton from the water. |
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Term
| What are Sirenians? Would you mistake one for a mermaid |
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Definition
| They a large vegetarian beasties. And NO!! You would have to have been at see for a very long time to mistake one for a mermaid!! |
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Term
| What is the most valuable resource taken from the ocean? |
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Definition
OIL(petroleum)
and natural gas |
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Term
| What is the second most valuable resource taken from the ocean? |
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Definition
| Sand and Gravel Surprisingly |
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Term
| Are marine resources generally easily accessible? |
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Definition
| Almost never. It's always harder to get resources from the ocean than to find and mine them on land. But as land resources get more scarce, the economic incentive to go to sea becomes overwhelming. |
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Term
| What percentage of crude oil used by humans comes from the seabed? |
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Definition
| In 2004(the last year for which i have good data), about 34% of crude oil and 28% of natural gas came from the seabed. |
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Term
| What % of human food comes from the ocean? |
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Definition
| About 18% of total animal protien consumed by humans comes from the ocean, but plants make protein also. If one looks at all human food, the ocean provides perhaps 4% |
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Term
| Where in general, are the productive fishing grounds? |
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Definition
| Along the coasts of temperate and sub-tropical regions. |
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Term
| How has the worldwide fishery changed in recent years? Are yields stable? Increasing? Decreasing? |
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Definition
| World fisheries are in a state of catastrophic decline. With the exception of the Alaskan wild salmon fishery, all wild fisheries are being overexploited. Today's fisheries are not sustainable(see pages 471-476) |
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Term
| Are marine energy resources exploited on a large scale(electrical generation from oceanic processes, for example)? |
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Definition
| Not yet. The Pelamis on page 470 is most promising, but that is still a few years off. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is growing success story. Gobs of energy is required to convert seawater to fresh water, but as water becomes more polluted and less abundant, reverse osmosis systems will become more cost effective. About 32 million cubic meters of fresh water are converted from seawater each day in the world! Amazing |
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Term
| Where does most spilled oil come from? |
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Definition
| The majority of spilled oceanic people flushing used motor oil down domestic drains. and natural seeps are responsible for tar balls on your feet and more oil than tanker spills. |
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Term
| Which is more dangerous, a spill of crude oil or a spill of refined oil? |
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Definition
| Refined oil is more dangerous because it contains toxic additives. Crude oil is a natural product and would have been here with or without humans. It is messy and sticky but bacteria and organisms can clean it up over time. Used engine oil is the most toxic of all because of the combustion byproducts it contains. |
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Term
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Definition
| Toxicity caused by methyl mercury. Material causes neural and physiological damage to the developing fetus. |
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Term
| Why is the ozone layer important? |
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Definition
| It protects us from short-wave ultraviolet radiation,the kind of sunlight that causes the worst forms of skin cancer. |
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Term
| Is global warming real? what will happen if it continues at its present pace? |
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Definition
| Yes it's real. It's a combination of the normal rise in Earth's temperature as we continue to emerge from the last ice age plus the effects of atmospheric gases generated by human activity. Of the two, the human contribution appears to be the greater. We probably cannot stop the accelerating warming unless the world economy is substantially slowed. TRADE-OFF |
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Term
| What you would say is the greatest danger to the marine environment, overall? |
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Definition
| Overpopulation of humans combined with the desire of those humans for more goods and services. |
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Term
| Phylum Platyhelminthes Examples |
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Definition
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Term
| Phylum Platyhelminthes Characteristics |
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Definition
1.Parasitic
2.Flat in shape
3.Eyes are light sensitive small pigmented cups. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Phylum Nematoda Characteristics |
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Definition
1.Most species Microscopic live in marine sediments
2.Also live in vertebrates and invertebrates
3.long and thin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Phylum Annelida Characteristics |
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Definition
1.Bodies divided into a number of small rings(metamerism-strategy for making them larger by adding units)
2.Each segment can have its own circulatory system and reproductive
3.Polychaeta most important species of annaelid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Phylum Mollusca Characteristics |
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Definition
1.Internal or External Shell
2.Some posses acute sight and even intelligence
3.Bilaterally Symmetrical |
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Term
| Phylum Anthropoda Examples |
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Definition
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Term
| Phylum Anthropoda Characteristics |
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Definition
1.exoskeleton
2.Striated muscle- quick strong lightweight
3.Articulation- ability to bend segmentation at specific spots. |
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Term
| Phylum Echinodermata Examples |
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Definition
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Term
| Phylum Echinodermata Characteristics |
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Definition
1.No eyes or brains
2.Radially Symmetrical body based on 5 sections or projections.
3.Star shaped with 5 arms, Spiny projections on top and delicate tube feet beneath |
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Term
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Definition
| (vertebrates and a few invertebrate forms) |
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Term
| Phylum Chordata Characteristics |
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Definition
1.Stiffing notochord-tubular dorsal nervous system.
2.Gill slits behind the oral opening at some time in development.
3.vertebrate chordates(fish reptiles and birds) |
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Term
| What is the age of the earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the percentage of the earth covered in sea water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is produced in primary productivity? |
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Definition
(EX-Phytoplankton)Synthesis of organic materials from inorganic substances(carbon) into carbohydrates(glucose/sugar)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS- |
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Term
| What is the big point about plate tectonics. |
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Definition
1.Continents and oceans form and are destroyed where plates collide flex and sink.
2.Earths interior is layered and layers are arranged by density. Each deeper layer is denser than the layer above
3. Evidence of plate movements is recorded in symmetrical magnetic fields in the ocean floor. |
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Term
| Name a few Atmospheric Circulation facts? |
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Definition
1. Ocean and atmosphere are unevenly heated by the sun.
2.More solar energy near equator than at the poles
3.Coriolis affect- Wind and currents rotate to the clockwise in northern hemi and counter in southern hemi
4.There are six large circuits of atmospheric circulation. 3 in each hemi driven by heating. |
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Term
| Name the 6 main atmospheric wind circuits |
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Definition
1.north polar
2.westerlies
3.north easterly
1.southeasterly
2.westerlies
3.south polar |
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Term
| What do waves transmit across ocean surface? And do the water molocuels move? |
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Definition
| 1.Waves transmit energy not water mass across ocean surface, Water molocueles move in closed circuits as the waves pass. |
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