Term
|
Definition
| self-nourishing, can make its own food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| light, using light energy and storing it as sugar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gain energy by eating organic molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "swimmers", capable of swimming against waves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spend larval/juvenile stages but adults benthos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spend whole life as plankton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"pertaining to the ocean bottom"
answer: variability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "the open ocean environment" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| live on seafloor, attached to rocks, moving along the surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| live in the ocean bottom, buried in sand, shells or mud |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deeper water, biomass goes down, food is limited |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resistance to flow affected by temperature--> cold, salty water has high viscosity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dark coloration on the top, light on the bottom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oxygenic photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, and respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms that live in or on ocean bottom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| varied physical and nutritive conditions leads to high biological success |
|
|
Term
| moving into deeper water resources diminish. Conditions are less varied |
|
Definition
| number of species. Biomass decreases |
|
|
Term
| physical environment of deep ocean |
|
Definition
-light is present only to ~1000 m
-temperature range -1.8 to 3 degrees celsius
- salinity is fairly uniform ~35 ppt
- high pressures
- high oxygen content |
|
|
Term
| hydrothermal vent communities |
|
Definition
-discovered 1977: 2500 m deep
-food supply limited on seafloor
-chemosynthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CO2 + H2S -> CH2O + S + H2O |
|
|
Term
| why so few marine species? |
|
Definition
-origin of life
-prime habitat
Answer: stability (also low temp) |
|
|
Term
| Why so many benthic marine species? |
|
Definition
98% of marine species are benthic
Answer: VARIABILITY
Rocky,Sandy,Muddy,Flat,Sloped,Irregular,Mixed
-Adaptations to these different environments creates diversity |
|
|
Term
| Adaptations to the Ocean Environment |
|
Definition
-Physical Support-->Bouyancy (phytoplankton)
-Temperature <-- more stable than terrestrial
-Salinity
-Dissolved gases
-Transparency
-Pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a marking or color pattern that confuses prey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a marking or color pattern that confuses prey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the property of having equal osmotic pressure. If two such fluids were serperated by a semipermeable membrane that will allow osmosis to occur, there would be no net transfer of water molecules across the membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the property of an aqueous solution having a lower osmotic pressure (salinity) that another aqueous solution from which it is separated by a semi permeable membrane that will allow osmosis to occur. The hypotonic fluid will lose water molecules through the membrane to the other fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the aqueous solution having a higher osmotic pressure (salinity) that another aqueous solution from which it is separated by a semi permeable membrane that will allow osmosis to occur. The hypertonic fluid will gain water molecules through the membrane from the other fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passage of water molecules through a semi permeable membrane separating two aqueous solutions of different solute concentration. The water molecules pass from the solution of lower solute concentration into the other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - process by which bacteria or archaea synthesze organic molecules from inorganic nutrients using chemical energy released from the bonds of a chemical compound by oxidation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - a fundamental category of taxonomic classification, ranking below a genus or subgenus and consisting of related organisms capable of interbreeding |
|
|
Term
| Hydrothermal vent community- |
|
Definition
| a deep bottom dwelling community of organisms associated with a hydrothermal vent. The hot water vent in usually associated with the axis of a spreading center, and the community is dependent on sulfur-oxidizing bacteria that may live free in the water, on the bottom, or symbiotically in the tissue of some of the animals of the community |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smaller in cooler seawater-surface area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grow faster, live shorter, reproduce more often |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cooler seawater (upwelling) |
|
|
