Term
| What are the clinical features? |
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Definition
Obsessions;
Compulsions;
Awareness of excessive / inappropriate aspects of obsessions or compulsions;
Marked distress, time consuming, interfere with normal routines or functioning;
Exclusionary criteria |
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Term
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Definition
Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses or images - intrusive and inappropriate;
Not simply excessive worrying about life;
Person attempts to ignore, suppress or neutralize thoughts, impulses or images;
Person recognizes that obsessions are the products of his/her mind |
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Term
| What are common obsessions? |
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Definition
Fear of contamination (
dirt, germs, toxins, bodily wastes, secretions);
Pathologic doubt (
fear that one’s behavior has led to a dire consequence)
Somatic obsessions;
Need for symmetry;
Sexual obsessions;
Harm-related obsessions |
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Term
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Definition
Repetitive behaviors (
handwashing, checking, ordering, touching, avoiding, etc.);
Repetitive mental acts
(praying, counting, repeating words silently, etc.);
Person feels driven to perform these in response to an obsession or to rigid rules;
Behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing psychological distress |
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Term
| What are 3 types of clinical course? |
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Definition
1. Unremitting and chronic
2. Phasic with periods of complete remission
3. Episodic with incomplete remission |
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Term
| What are comorbid disorders? |
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Definition
Mood disorders;
Other anxiety disorders;
Tic disorders;
Eating disorders;
Psychotic disorders;
Personality disorders |
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Term
| what are OCD spectrum disorders? |
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Definition
Trichotillomania;
Pathologic gambling;
Body dysmorphic disorder;
Hypochondriasis;
Binge eating disorder;
Autistic disorders |
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Term
| Is there a genetic component? |
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Definition
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Term
| what neuro region is enlarged in OCD? |
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Definition
Abnormally high functional activity in orbital cortex and in head of caudate nucleus of OCD patients .
These regions plus thalamus show further increased activity when OCD behaviors are provoked.
When OCD patients are treated effectively (with either medication or behavior therapy) there is a decline in orbital cortex and caudate nucleus activity. |
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Term
| What is the neuroatonomic model of OCD? |
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Definition
| OCD results from a dysregulation of a circuit that runs between cortex, amygdala, basal ganglia and thalamus |
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Term
| what are Baxter's macros? |
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Definition
Social behavioral norms / habits = “macros”;
routine and pervasive in daily life;
mostly executed correctly and appropriately;
usually little conscious thought or concern;
examples: smiles, nods, depth of bowing, hygiene, displays sexual behavior, inter-personal aggression versus submission |
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Term
| How do you acquire macros? |
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Definition
“macros” - acquired through implicit learning;
entails unconscious acquisition of habits and cognitive/motor routines;
requires participation of basal ganglia along with ventral paralimbic prefrontal cortex and thalamus |
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Term
| How are macros affected in OCD? |
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Definition
In OCD, these social macros are fragmented and/or expressed in inappropriate situations;
There is no sense of closure (i.e. feeling that things are now “right’);
“OCD patients exhibit behaviors out of their appropriate context, and also suffer from an uneasy feeling that their responses haven’t been corrected” |
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Term
| What type of neurobiology occurs to produce defensive macros? |
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Definition
| In OCD, defensive macros predominate due to increased activity of VMS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| exposure and response prevention |
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Term
| why is OCD considered ego dystonic? |
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Definition
| the indv feels extreme discomfort with the obsession usually views the compulsions as necessary measures to ward off that discomfort. The OCD symptoms appear to contracdict the indv's expressed desires and intensions and are experienced as foreign. |
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Term
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Definition
| OCD = intentions/desires are foreign, whereas OCPD = not uncomfortable, not foreign. (also--more control) |
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Term
| What is early onset associated with? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what type of infection might be related to OCD? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| pediatric antineuronal antibody mediated neuropsychiatric disorders associated with Strep |
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Term
| what is organic driveness |
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Definition
| compulsions and movements associated with OCD spectrum disorders |
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Term
| where is increased activity in OCD? |
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Definition
| orbitofrontal cortex and the striatum |
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