Term
| Varriance caculation of binomail |
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Definition
| probablity of sucess and failure and number of trials |
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Term
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Definition
| Bias that occur at cohort study beginning when either the exposes or unexposed varies in the ways the (other than exposure) that may determine the outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| difference between highest and lowest |
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Term
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Definition
| how well an instrument does what it is designed to do. With of the CI |
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Term
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Definition
| increases precision by reducing random errors |
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Term
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Definition
consistency in measurement
analogous to precision |
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Term
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Definition
Strength of conclusions.
can be represented by how little or much systematic error the study has
analogous to accuracy |
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Term
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Definition
| results from false assumption that the length of survival increases in screened cases when in fact the diagnosis is being made earlier |
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Term
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Definition
| results from occurance of higher proportion |
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Term
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Definition
| shared experiences of group followed over a period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| Hospitalized patients with given outcome often different from non-hospitalized in case -control study |
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Term
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Definition
| study subjects have a lower morbidity for a given outcome |
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Term
| Random Missclassification bias |
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Definition
| misclasification of exposure that is independent of disease status. |
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Term
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Definition
# new cases/population at risk in given time frame
- can be used as a measure of risk |
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Term
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Definition
# people with disease/ number of people in the population
(TP +FN)/ (TP+TN+FP+FN)
- represents burden of disease
In a steady state scenario prevelance = incidence * duration of the disease |
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Term
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Definition
# death all causes
- good estimator of disease incidence when the duration of disease is short
- differs from case fatality rate in that the denominator includes the entire population including disease fee |
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Term
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Definition
| stillbirths per 100o birth greater than 28 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| number of deaths in the first 28 days of life per 1000 live births in one year |
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Term
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Definition
| number of deaths under the age of one per 1000 live births per year |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of deaths between 28 weeks gestation and one week of life per 100 total births in 1 year |
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Term
| Standardized Mortality ratio (SMR) |
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Definition
| observed numbers of deaths per year / expected number of deaths per year |
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Term
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Definition
ability of a screening test to correctly identify those who have the disease of intrest
a/a+c TP/(TP+FN) |
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Term
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Definition
ability of screening test to correctly identify those without the disease of interest.
d/b+b TN (FP+TN) |
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Term
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Definition
| rate of disease in the placebo group - rate of disease in the vaccine group |
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Term
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Definition
| risk in exposed - risk in the unexposed |
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Term
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Definition
risk in exposed + risk in the unexposed
- used in cohort studies |
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Term
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Definition
used in case control
good for rare diseases
OR = ad/bc |
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Term
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Definition
Temporal relationship
Strength of association
Dose
Replication
Plausibility
Alternate explanation
Consistency |
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Term
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Definition
- better with short latency
- good for multiple outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
- better for long latency
- good for multiple exposures |
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Term
| Nondiffrential Misclasification |
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Definition
| results in attenuation of the RR or OR towards 1 |
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Term
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Definition
associated with exposures and outcome but is not caused by the exposure of intrest
- can be decreased in design phase with randomization, matching or restriction
- Can be decreased in the analysis phase by stratified analysis, adjustment multivariate analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| # births in a given time/ mid year population |
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Term
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Definition
| # births in given time / mid year population of women age 15-44 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Test for normality of data |
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Term
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Definition
o. Animal Studies : pharmakokinetics and dynmaics
i.) Human studies
ii.) effacacy trial: one center
iii.) Multicenter trials
iv.) post marketing surveillance
v.) transnational research |
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Term
| Population Attributable Risk |
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Definition
Ip - Io = Incidence in the population - Incidence in the unexposed = population value due to exposure.
Or Prevelance (RR-1) / Prevelance (RR-1) +1
= IDRp - IDRo = Incidence density Ratio population - Incidence density Ratio exposed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Several treatments given to people in sequence.
Advatage is power
Can be Blocked or linked |
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Term
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Definition
Benifit from the first treatment carries over.
Pevent w / washout pd.
Evaluate with placebo |
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Term
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Definition
| Agent, environment , host |
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