Term
|
Definition
| has weight, composed of elements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
simplest chemical substance
each element is composed of similar atoms
92 natural
26 in humans
96% of body weight consists of:
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
smallest unit of element, smallest unit in chemical reactions
Subatomic particles:
- Proton (positive charge, weighs one atomic unit)
- Neutron (no charge, weighs one atomic unit)
- Electron (negative charge, no significant weight) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of protons in atom, ID |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sum of protons and neutrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| letter representing element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nucleus (protons and neutrons)
electrons are in orbit: 2-8-8 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outermost orbital with any electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 or more atoms bonded together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of atoms of each element in a molecule
ex: H20 |
|
|
Term
| Ionic/Electrovalent
Type of Ions |
|
Definition
"Opposites attract"
TRANSFER of electrons b/w atoms
Anion - atom with net negative charge due to GAINING electron
Cation - atom with net positive charge due to LOSING electron
Common in inorganic molecules, like salt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
electrons SHARED between atoms
common in organic molecules
chemical bonds represent STORED ENERGY
bond formation requires energy
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Weak attraction b/w polar molecules,
easily broken by temp/pH, involves slightly positive H and 2 other atoms (usually slightly negative O or N) |
|
|
Term
| Name the types of Chemical Reactions |
|
Definition
| Synthesis, Decomposition, Exchange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A + B = AB
forms a bond, requires energy.
Ex: Dehydration synthesis where water is released as bond is formed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AB = A + B
breaks bond, releases energy
Ex: Hydrolysis (water used to help break bonds) digestion of proteins into amino acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AB + C = AC + B
involves both synthesis and decomposition
Ex: Glucose + ATP = Glucose Phosphate + ADP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
involve ionic bonds
do not contain carbon
ex: water, oxygen, carbon, salts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
releases hydrogen ions in solution
pH < 7
strong acids completely dissociate in water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
releases hydroxide ions in solution
pH > 7.0 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measures H+ in solution
log scale (ten-fold increase between numbers)
0 - 14 where 7 is neutral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
covalent bonds
contains carbon and hydrogen
includes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
|
|
