Term
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Definition
-termination of pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation.
-refers to both miscarriage and induced abortion |
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Term
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Definition
| -the placenta and accompanying membranes that are expelled from the uterus after the birth of a child |
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Term
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Definition
| -clear, water fluid that surrounds and protects the developing fetus. |
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Term
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Definition
| -the membranes that surround and protect the developing fetus throughout the period of intrauterine development |
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Term
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Definition
-the bulging of the fetal head past the opening of the vagina during a contraction
-indication of impending delivery |
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Term
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Definition
| -thinning and shortening of the cervix during labor |
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Term
| Estimated date of confinement |
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Definition
-approximate day the infant will be born
-usually set at 40 weeks after the date of the mother's last menstrual period (LMP) |
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Term
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Definition
-the time and processes that occur during childbirth
-physiological and mechanical process in which the baby, placenta, and amniotic sac are expelled through the birth canal. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -the release of an egg from the ovary |
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Term
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Definition
-the organ that serves as a lifeline for the developing fetus.
-attached to the wall of the uterus and the umbilical cord
-exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen, delivers nutrients, and carries away wastes. |
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Term
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Definition
| -the time period surrounding the birth of the fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| -the process of stopping labor |
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Term
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Definition
-structure containing 2 arteries and one vein that connects the placenta and the fetus
-vein carries oxygen rich blood to the fetus, arteries return deoxygenated blood to the placenta |
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Term
| Respiratory changes of pregnancy |
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Definition
-O2 demand increases
-Decreased airway resistance
-20% increase in O2 consumption
-40% increase in tidal volume |
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Term
| Cardiovascular changes of pregnancy |
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Definition
-Cardiac output increases, peaking at 6/7 liters/minute by the time fetus is fully developed
-maternal blood volume increases by 45%
-relative anemia due to slightly more plasma than RBC's
-may suffer blood loss of 35-35% without significant change in vital signs
-heart rate increases by 10 15 BPM
-BP decreases slightly during first two trimesters, the rises to near non-pregnancy levels during third |
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Term
| Supine hypotensive syndrome |
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Definition
-occurs when gravid uterus compresses inferior vena cava when the mother lies supine
-causes decreased venous return, which lowers BP
-pressure exerted on lower veins/arteries may cause varicose veins, dependent edema and postural hypotension. |
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Term
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Definition
-N/V common in first trimester
-delayed gastric emptying likely, bloating/constipation common |
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Term
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Definition
| -first 14 days following conception |
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Term
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Definition
| -begins at day 15 and ends at approximately 8 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -Fetal heart tones audible by stethoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| -baby may be able to survive if born (premature) |
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Term
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Definition
| -fetus born has an excellent chance of survival |
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Term
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Definition
| -fetus is considered "term" or fully developed |
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Term
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Definition
| - where the umbilical vein, carrying oxygenated blood, connects directly to the inferior vena cava |
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Term
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Definition
| -allows mixing of oxygenated blood in the right atrium with that leaving the left ventricle bound for the aorta |
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Term
| General info about the obstetric patient |
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Definition
-info about the pregnancy
*mother's gravidity and parity
*length of gestation
*EDC
*previous c-sections
*any gyno/OB complications in the past
*prenatal care
*physician/midwife last evaluated
*sonogram completed
*current meds/allergies/drugs |
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Term
| Pre-existing or aggravated medical conditions |
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Definition
-Diabetes / Gestational diabetes
-Heart disease
-Hypertension
-Seizure disorder
-Nueromuscular disorders
-Pain
-Vaginal bleeding
-Active labor |
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Term
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Definition
-abnormal implantation of the fertilized egg outside of the uterus.
-presents with abdominal pain, starts as tenderness the localizes as sharp in the lower quadrant on affected side
-missed period or LMP x4-6 weeks ago.
-late signs abdominal rigidity and referred pain to shoulder on affected side |
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Term
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Definition
-occurs as a result of abnormal implantation of the placenta on the lower half of the uterine wall
-results in partial or complete coverage of the cervical opening.
-usually occurs after 7th month of pregnancy
-contractions pull placenta away from uterine wall causing painless bight red vaginal bleeding***
-may report recent sexual intercourse or vaginal exam |
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Term
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Definition
-premature separation of the normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall
-potential life threat for both mother and child
-20-30% of fetal mortality
-marginal abruptio causes vaginal bleeding but no increase in pain
-central abruptio conceals bleeding but has sudden sharp, tearing pain with stiff boardlike abdomen. |
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Term
| Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy |
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Definition
-pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
-chronic hypertension
-chronic hypertension superimposed with pre-eclampsia
-transient hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
-most common HDP
-increase of systolic BP by 30 mmHg, and increase of diastolic BP by 15 mmHg over baseline
-on at least 2 occasions 6 hrs apart
-common in last 10 weeks of pregnancy, during labor or in first 48 hrs postpartum |
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Term
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Definition
-most serious HDP
-tonic-clonic seizure activity
-grossly edematous, markedly higher BP |
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Term
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Definition
| -BP greater than 140/90 before pregnancy or prior to 20th week of gestation, or persists for more than 42 days |
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Term
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Definition
-caused by hormone influences
-look for signs of hypoglycemia
-may cause protein in the urine |
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Term
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Definition
-painless, irregular contractions
-"false-labor"
-virtually impossible to be distinguished from labor in the field |
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Term
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Definition
-multiple factors
-maternal factors
*cardiovascular disease
*renal disease
*PIH
*diabetes
*abdominal surgery during gestation
*uterine and cervical abnormalities
*maternal infection
*trauma
-Placental factors
*placenta previa
*abruptio placentae
-Fetal factors
*multiple gestation
*excessive amniotic fluid
*fetal infection |
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Term
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Definition
-Stage 1
*dilation stage
*begins with onset of true labor contractions, ends with complete dilation and effacement of the cervix
*approx 8-10 hrs
-Stage 2
*expulsion stage
*begins with complete dilation of the cervix, ends with delivery of the fetus
*lasts for 50-60 minutes
-Stage 3
*placental stage
*begins immediately after birth of the infant, ends with delivery of the placenta
*usually delivered within 5-20 minutes after birth |
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Term
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Definition
-Crowning
-Delivery of the head
-External rotation of the head
-Suction the mouth THEN then nose
-Delivery of the anterior shoulder
-Complete delivery of the infant
-Dry the infant
-Place the infant on the mothers stomach
-Deliver the placenta and save for transport with the mother and infant |
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Term
| Routine care of the neonate |
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Definition
-maintain warmth
-repeat suctioning if needed
-stimulate infant |
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Term
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Definition
-Appearance
-Pulse rate
-Grimace
-Activity
-Respiratory effortt
*7-10 require only routine care
*4-6 moderately depressed, require O2 and stimulation to breath
*0-3 severely depressed, require immediate ventilatory and circulatory assistance
-repeat the score at 1 and 5 minutes |
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Term
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Definition
-pulse >100 w/ spontaneous respirations, continue assessment
-pulse <100, continue positive pressure ventilations
-pulse <60, compressions and ventilations |
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Term
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Definition
-buttocks or feet appear first, rather than the head
-create path of airway with V around child's mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| -umbilical cord precedes fetal presenting part |
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Term
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Definition
-exam of the perineum reveals presentation of one leg or arm
-do not touch limb, this may cause stimulation of the infant to breath |
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Term
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Definition
| -infants head faces anteriorly rather than posteriorly, causing delayed passage through the pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| -infants shoulders larger than it's head |
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Term
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Definition
-indicative of fetal hypoxic incident
-if meconium is thick, visualize glottis and suction the hypopharynx and trachea using an ET tube |
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Term
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Definition
| -loss of more than 500cxc of blood immediately following delviery |
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Term
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Definition
| -blood clot in the pulmonary vascular system |
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