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| Process between leaders and followers Involves social influence Occurs at multiple levels in an organization Focuses on goal accomplishment |
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| physical or personality characteristic that can be used to differentiate leaders from followers (friedlers contingency model) |
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| implicit leadership theory |
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| based on the idea that people have beliefs about how leaders should behave and what they should do for their followers. |
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| mental representations of the traits and behaviors that people believe are possessed by leaders. |
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| The Ohio State Studies identified two independent dimensions of leader behavior |
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Consideration: creating mutual respect and trust with followers.
Initiating structure: organizing and defining what group members should be doing. |
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| propose that the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends on the situation. |
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| based on the premise that a leader’s effectiveness is contingent on the extent to which a leader’s style fits or matches characteristics of the situation at hand |
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| refers to the amount of control and influence the leader has in his immediate work environment |
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| the extent to which the leader has the support, loyalty, and trust of the work group (dimension of situational control) |
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concerned with the amount of structure contained within tasks performed by the work group
(dimesnion of siuational control_ |
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| the degree to which the leader has formal power to reward, punish, or otherwise obtain compliance from employees (dimension of situational control) |
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Situational variables that cause one style of leadership to be more effective than another
(path goal theory) |
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| Describes how leadership effectiveness is influenced by the interaction between four leadership styles – directive, supportive, participative, achievement-oriented |
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focuses on clarifying employees’ role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance.
(the full range model of leadership) |
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engender trust, seek to develop leadership in others, exhibit self-sacrifice and serve as moral agents, focusing themselves and followers on objectives that transcend the more immediate needs of the work group.
(full range model of leadership) |
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leaders and followers develop a partnership characterized by reciprocal influence, mutual trust, respect and liking, and a sense of common fates.
(LMX) |
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Leaders are characterized as overseers who fail to create a sense of mutual trust, respect, or common fate
(LMX) |
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| dynamic, interactive influence process among individuals in groups for which the objective is to lead one another to the achievement of group or organizational goals or both |
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focuses on increasing services to others rather than to oneself
less likely to engage in self-serving behaviors that hurt others |
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