Term
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Definition
| the number of weeks since the first day of the last menstrual period |
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Term
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Definition
| birth that occurs before the end of 20 weeks' gestation or the birth of a fetus-newborn who weighs less than 500 g |
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Term
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Definition
| the normal duration of pregnancy (38 to 42 weeks' gestation) |
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Term
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Definition
| time between conception and the onset of labor; often used to describe the period during which a woman is pregnant; used interchangeably with prenatal |
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Term
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Definition
| time from the onset of true labor until the birth of the infant and placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| time from birth until the woman's body returns to an essentially prepregnant condition |
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Term
| Preterm or premature labor: |
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Definition
| labor that occurs after 20 weeks' but before completion of 37 weeks' gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| labor that occurs after 42 weeks' gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| any pregnancy, regardless of duration, including present pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| a woman who has never been pregnant |
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Term
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Definition
| a woman who is pregnant for the first time |
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Term
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Definition
| a woman who is in her second or any subsequent pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| birth after 20 weeks' gestation regardless of whether the infant is born alive or dead |
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Term
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Definition
| a woman who has had no births at more than 20 weeks' gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| a woman who has had one birth at more than 20 weeks' gestation, regardless of whether the infant was born alive or dead |
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Term
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Definition
| a woman who has had two or more births at more than 20 weeks' gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| an infant born dead after 20 weeks' gestation |
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Term
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Definition
T: number of term infants born—that is, the number of infants born after 37 weeks' gestation
P: number of preterm infants born—that is, the number of infants born after 20 weeks' but before the comple¬ tion of 37 weeks' gestation
A: number of pregnancies ending in either spontaneous or therapeutic abortion
L: number of currently living children
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Term
| discussion of a woman's gravida and para in front of her partner. |
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Definition
| it is best to avoid an initial discussion of this infornt of her partner, It is possible that the woman had a previous pregnancy that she has not mentioned to her partner, and revealing the information could violate her right to privacy. |
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Term
History Current pregnancy
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Definition
First day of last normal menstrual period (IMP). Is she sure of the date or uncertain? Do her cycles normally occur every 28 days, or do her cycles tend to be longer?
• Presence of cramping, bleeding, or spotting since LMP • Woman's opinion about the time when conception occurred and when infant is due
• Woman's attitude toward pregnancy (Is this preg¬ nancy planned? Wanted?)
• Results of pregnancy tests, if completed
• Any discomforts since LMP such as nausea, vomit¬ ing, urinary frequency, fatigue, or breast tenderness
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Term
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Definition
• Number of pregnancies • Number of abortions, spontaneous or induced • Number of living children • History of previous pregnancies, length of preg¬ nancy, length of labor and birth, type of birth (vagi¬ nal, forceps or vacuum-assisted birth, or cesarean), type of anesthesia used (if any), woman's perception of the experience, and complications (antepartal, intrapartal, and postpartal) |
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Term
History
Neonatal status of previous children:
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Definition
| Apgar scores, birth weights, general development, complications, and feeding patterns (breast milk or formula) |
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Term
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Definition
| (miscarriage, elective or medically in¬ dicated abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death, relinquishment, or death after the neonatal period). What was the experience like for her? What coping skills helped? How did her partner, if involved, respond? |
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Term
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Definition
| • If Rh negative, was medication received after birth to prevent sensitization? |
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Term
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Definition
| Prenatal education classes and resources (books) |
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Term
history
Gynecologic history |
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Definition
• Date of last Pap smear; any history of abnormal Pap smear; any follow-up therapy completed
• Previous infections: vaginal, cervical, tubal, sexually transmitted Previous surgery Age at menarche Regularity, frequency, and duration of menstrual flow History of dysmenorrhea Sexual history Contraceptive history (If birth control pills were used, did pregnancy occur immediately following cessation of pills? If not, how long after?)
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Term
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Definition
• Weight • Blood type
• General health including nutrition
• Any medications presently being taken
• use of alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine
• Illicit drug use or abuse
• allergies
• Potential teratogens
• Presence of disease
• Record of immunizations
• Presence of any abnormal symptoms
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Term
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Definition
• Childhood diseases
• Past treatment for any disease condition
• Surgical procedures
• Presence of bleeding disorders or tendencies
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Term
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Definition
Presence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, hematologic disorders, tuberculosis, or preeclampsia-eclampsia
Occurrence of multiple births History of congenital diseases or deformities
History of mental illness Causes of death of deceased parents or siblings
Occurrence of cesarean births and cause, if known |
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Term
| Religious, spiritual, and cultural history |
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Definition
• specify a religious preference
• What practices are important to maintain her spiritual well-being?
• Might practices in her culture or that of her partner influence her care or that of her child?
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Term
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Definition
• Occupation
• Physical demands
• Exposure to chemicals or other harmful substances
• Opportunity for regular meals and breaks for nutritious snacks
• Provision for maternity or family leave
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Term
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Definition
• Presence of genetic conditions or diseases in him or in his family history
• Age • Significant health problems
• Previous or present alcohol intake, drug use, or tobacco use
• Blood type and Rh factor
• Occupation • Educational level; methods by which he learns best • Attitude toward the pregnancy
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Term
| Personal information about the woman (Social history) |
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Definition
| • Age • Educational level; methods by which she learns best• Race or ethnic group • Housing; stability of living conditions • Economic level • Acceptance of pregnancy, whether intended or unintended • Any history of emotional or physical deprivation or abuse of herself or children or any abuse in her current relationship• History of emotional problems • Support systems • Personal preferences about the birth • Plans for care of child following birth• Feeding preference for the baby |
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Term
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Definition
Low income level, low educational level
Poor diet
Living at high altitude
Multiparity greater than 3
Weight less than 45.5 kg (100 Ib)
Weight greater than 91 kg (200 Ib)
Age less than 16
Age over 35
Smoking one pack/day or more
Use of addicting drugs
Excessive alcohol consumption
Preexisting Medical Disorders Diabetes mellitus
Cardiac disease
Anemia: hemoglobin less than 11 g/dL less than 32% hematocrit
Hypertension
Thyroid disorder Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism
Renal disease (moderate to severe)
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Term
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Definition
DES exposure
Obstetric Considerations Previous pregnancy Stillborn
Habitual abortion
Cesarean birth
Rh or blood group sensitization
Large baby
Current pregnancy Rubella (first trimester)
Rubella (second trimester)
Cytomegalovirus
Herpesvirus type 2
Syphilis
Urinary tract infection
Abruptio placentae and placenta previa
Preedampsia/edampsia
Multiple gestation
Elevated hematocrit (greater than 41 %) Spontaneous premature rupture of membranes
Factors (Continued)
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Term
Nagele's Rule
estimated date of confinement (EDC) |
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Definition
First day of LMP
Subtract 3 months
Add 7 days= EDB
November 21 —3 months
August 21 +7 days
August 28
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Term
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Definition
| requires immediate consideration; establish baseline; refer to healthcare provider if necessary. Assess woman's knowledge about high ____; counsel on self-care and medical management |
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Term
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Definition
10-12 weeks: symphisis pubis
16 weeks: half way between
20 weeks: umbilicus
` 22-34 weeks: cm should equal weeks of prego
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Term
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Definition
ABO and Rh- blood type
Antibody screen
CBC-oxygen sat abiltiy
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
UA-protein and glucose
Rubella
Hepatitis B
HIV- treat with anti bodies
Drug screen
Sickle-cell
PPD
Pap smear
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Term
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Definition
Frequency
Every 4 weeks: up to 28 weeks
Every 2 weeks: 28-36 weeks
Every week: 36 weeks to birth
Vital Signs
Weight Gain
Edema
Uterine Size
Fetal Heartbeat
Labs
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Term
| what to look for in a ultrasound |
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Definition
1. fetal anomoles
2. amneotic fluid measurements
3. placenta- placement , vains
4. growth- head and femer
5. EDC |
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Term
Prenatal LabsPrenatal Labs Schedule
Initial
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Definition
CBC, ABO/Rh, ABS (antibody screen)
RPR or VDRL, Rubella, HBsAG
HIV, PPD, UA
GC, Chlamydia, Pap smear
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Prenatal Labs Schedule
28 weeks
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Definition
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Term
Prenatal Labs Schedule
36 weeks
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Definition
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Term
Education Danger signs in pregnancy
Labor S/S
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Definition
| contractions, dialation, pelvic pressure, back ach |
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Term
Education Danger signs in pregnancy
PIH s/s
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Definition
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Term
Education Danger signs in pregnancy
Bleeding
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Definition
| should only ever have a small amout after sex. |
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Term
Decreased fetal movement
(kick counts) |
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Definition
20 weeks- record movment should have 10/hr
< 10 drink juice and repeat
Do same time every day |
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Term
Education Danger signs in pregnancy
temperature
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Definition
sign of infection= preterm labor
take tylanol |
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Term
Education Danger signs in pregnancy
persitent vomiting
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Definition
| causes dehydration= preterm labor |
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Term
Maternal Weight Gain
Optimal Weight Gain
1st trimester:
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Definition
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Term
Maternal Weight Gain
Optimal Weight Gain
2nd and 3rd trimester
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Definition
| 1 lb/week (twins 1.5lb/week) |
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Term
Maternal Weight Gain
Optimal Weight Gain
By 20 weeks gestation |
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Definition
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Term
Maternal Weight Gain
Optimal Weight Gain
Sudden sharp increase: |
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Definition
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Term
Maternal Weight Gain
Optimal Weight Gain
Inadequate gains:
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Definition
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Term
Maternal Weight Gain
Excessive gains:
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Definition
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Term
Nutritional Requirements
Calories
1st trimester
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Definition
no increase caloric needs
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Term
Nutritional Requirements
Calories
2nd trimester |
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Definition
300 kcal/day Increased caloric needs
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Term
Nutritional Requirements
Calories
3rd trimester:
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Definition
300 kcal/day Increased caloric needs
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Term
Nutritional Requirements
Carbohydrates
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Definition
Primary source of energy
needs increase
Promotes: weight gain, growth of fetus, placenta, and other maternal tissues
Sources: dairy products, fruits, vegetables, whole grain cereals, breads
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Term
Nutritional Requirements
Protein
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Definition
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy
Overall energy metabolism
Needs during pregnancy
60 g/day
20% increase
Sources: Meat, Fish, Poultry, Eggs, Dairy products |
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Term
Nutritional Requirements
Fat
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Definition
Energy
More completely absorbed during pregnancy
RDA: <30% of daily caloric intake
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Term
Nutritional Requirements
Fluid
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Definition
Pregnancy:
Consume 8-10 glasses of fluid a day
4-6 glasses should be water
Diet sodas consumed in moderation
Caffeinated beverages are counterproductive
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Term
Factors Influencing Nutrition
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Definition
Lactose intolerance
Eating disorders
Pica
Common discomforts of pregnancy
Cultural, ethnic, and religious influences
Psychosocial factors
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Term
Adolescent Developmental Tasks
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Definition
Developing sense of identity
Gaining autonomy and independence
Developing truly intimate relationships
Developing comfort with one’s own sexuality
Developing a sense of achievement |
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Term
Factors Contributing
to Adolescent Pregnancy
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Definition
Risk Taking behavior
Intercourse not a conscious decision
Low self esteem
Deliberate
Acting out
Lack of knowledge
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Term
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Definition
Minors assume the same rights as adults
Self-supporting
Living away from home
Married
Pregnant
Parent
Military service
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Term
Risks to Adolescent Mother
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Definition
Often late getting prenatal care
Discounting value of prenatal care
Interruption of developmental tasks
Fear of weight gain
Prolonged dependence on parents
Lack of stable relationships
Lack of economic and social stability
May interrupt school
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Term
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Definition
PIH
Iron deficiency anemia
Preterm birth
Low-birth-weight infants
Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)
STD’s
Smoking and drug use
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Term
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Definition
| (exces¬ sive amount of amniotic fluid) |
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Term
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Definition
| Fetal movements felt by the mother, may indicate that the fetus is nearing 20 weeks' gestation. However, it may be experienced between 16 and 22 weeks' gestation, so this method is not completely accurate. |
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Term
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Definition
The ultrasonic Doppler device is the primary tool for assessing
can be detected, on average, at 8 to 12 weeks' gestation. |
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Nausea and vomiting |
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Definition
Avoid odors or causative factors.
Eat dry crackers or toast before arising in morning.
Have small but frequent meals.
Avoid greasy or highly seasoned foods. Take dry meals with fluids between meals. Drink carbonated beverages.
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Urinary frequency
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Definition
Void when urge is felt.
Increase fluid intake during the day. Decrease fluid intake only in the evening to decrease nocturia.
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Fatigue |
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Definition
Plan time for a nap or rest period daily. Go to bed earlier.
Seek family support and assistance with responsibilities so that more time is available to rest
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Breast tenderness
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Definition
| Wear well-fitting, supportive bra. |
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Increased vaginal discharge |
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Definition
| Promote cleanliness by daily bathing. Avoid douching, nylon underpants, and pantyhose; cotton underpants are more absorbent; powder can be used to maintain dryness if not allowed to cake. |
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Nasal stuffiness and nosebleed (epistaxis)
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Definition
| May be unresponsive, but cool-air vaporizer may help; avoid use of nasal sprays and decongestants. |
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Ptyalism (excessive, often bitter salivation)
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Definition
| Use astringent mouthwashes, chew gum, or suck hard candy. |
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Heartburn (pyrosis) |
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Definition
Eat small and more frequent meals.
Use low-sodium antacids.
Avoid overeating, fatty and fried foods, lying down after eating, and sodium bicarbonate.
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Ankle edema
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Definition
Practice frequent dorsiflexion of feet when prolonged sitting or standing is necessary. Elevate legs when sitting or resting. Avoid tight garters or restrictive bands around legs
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Varicose veins
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Definition
Elevate legs frequently. Wear supportive hose.
Avoid crossing legs at the knees, standing for long periods, garters, and hosiery with constrictive bands.
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Hemorrhoids
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Definition
Avoid constipation.
Apply ice packs, topical ointments, anesthetic agents, warm soaks, or sitz baths; gently reinsert into rectum as necessary.
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Constipation
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Definition
Increase fluid intake, fiber in the diet, and exercise.
Develop regular bowel habits.
Use stool softeners as recommended by physician.
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Backache
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Definition
Use proper body mechanics.
Practice the pelvic-tilt exercise.
Avoid uncomfortable working heights, highheeled shoes, lifting heavy loads, and fatigue.
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Leg cramps
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Definition
Practice dorsiflexion of feet to stretch affected muscle.
Evaluate diet.
Apply heat to affected muscles.
Arise slowly from resting position.
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Faintness
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Definition
Avoid prolonged standing in warm or stuffy environments.
Evaluate hematocrit and hemoglobin.
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Dyspnea
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Definition
| Use proper posture when sitting and standing. Sleep propped up with pillows for relief if problem occurs at night. |
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Flatulence |
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Definition
Avoid gas-forming foods.
Chew food thoroughly.
Get regular daily exercise.
Maintain normal bowel habits.
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Term
Common Discomforts of Pregnancy
Carpal tunnel syndrome
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Definition
Avoid aggravating hand movements.
Use splint as prescribed.
Elevate affected arm.
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