Term
Nubain
Classification: synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic |
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Definition
Uses of Medication: for the relief of moderate to severe pain.
Side Effects: Nervousness, depression, restlessness, crying, euphoria, floating, Hypertension, hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia.
Common interactions: should not be administered to patients who are hypersensitive to nalbuphine hydrochloride, or to any of the other ingredients in Nubain.
Usual Dosage(s): 10 mg and 20 mg per mL
Nursing Implications: Assess type, location, and intensity of pain before and 1 hr after IM or 30 min (peak) after IV administration. Assess blood pressure, pulse, and respirations before and periodically during administration. Assess previous analgesic history. |
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Term
Stadol
Classification: opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic |
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Definition
Uses of Medication: pain during labor.
Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, flushing, lightheadedness, headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dry mouth, and sweating may occur.
Common interactions: This medication should not be used if you have certain medical conditions. consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: physical dependence on narcotics, severe infectious diarrhea, severe breathing problems
Usual Dosage(s): Injection, USP and Nasal Spray
Nursing Implications: Crosses placental barrier and goes to baby. |
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Term
Terbutaline
Classification: bronchodilator |
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Definition
Uses of Medication: relaxing muscles in the airways to improve breathing
Side Effects: headache, dizziness or lightheadedness, insomnia, tremor or nervousness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea; or dry mouth.
Common interactions: heart disease or high blood pressure, epilepsy or another seizure disorder, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, liver disease or kidney disease.
Usual Dosage(s): oral
Nursing Implications: Do NOT give if pulse is > 120 |
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Term
Procardia
Classification: Calcium-channel blocker |
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Definition
Uses of Medication: treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina (chest pain).
Side Effects: dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, insomnia, palpitations, nausea/vomiting
Common interactions: cimetidine, ranitidine, propranolol
Usual Dosage(s): IR tabs: 5, 10, 20 mg
SR tabs: 30, 60 mg
Nursing Implications: careful monitoring of blood pressure during the initial administration and titration of Procardia, Do not give with grapefruit juice |
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Term
Magnesium Sulfate
Classification: naturally occurring mineral |
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Definition
Uses of Medication: laxative to relieve occasional constipation.
Side Effects: severe stomach pain, nausea or vomiting, perforated bowel, bowel obstruction or severe constipation, colitis or toxic megacolon; a sudden change in bowel habits lasting 2 weeks or longer.
Common interactions: ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, or ofloxacin; doxycycline, minocycline, or tetracycline; or amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, paromomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin.
Usual Dosage(s): 1 g IM every 6 hours for 4 doses.
Nursing Implications: Reflex checks q 1-2 hours, Monitor closely for slurring, seeing double (1st sign of toxicity is loss of DTR) |
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Term
Calcium Gluconate
Classification: mineral |
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Definition
Uses of Medication: prevent and to treat calcium deficiencies.
Side Effects: nausea or vomiting, decreased appetite, constipation, dry mouth or increased thirst or increased urination.
Common interactions: digoxin, antacids or other calcium supplements, calcitriol or vitamin D supplements; or doxycycline, minocycline.
Usual Dosage(s): Oral, IV
Nursing Implications: antidote for overdose - IV magnesium sulphate, caution in digitalized patients, renal disease, serum calcium levels should be monitored |
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Term
Promethazine
Classification: Histamine H1 receptor
antagonist antiemetic |
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Definition
Uses of Medication: induction of labor or augmentation of uterine activity
Side Effects: anticholinergic AE, arrhythmias, QRS prolongation, drowsiness, nausea/vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, seizures
Common interactions: alcohol, anticoagulants, barbiturates, cimetidine, CNS depressants, antagonists, MAOIs, sympathomimetics
Usual Dosage(s): tabs: 5, 10 mg
Nursing Implications: Promethazine hydrochloride tablets may lead to potentially fatal respiratory depression. |
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Term
Hydroxyzine
Classification: Histamine H1 receptor
antagonist |
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Definition
Uses of Medication: sedative to treat anxiety and tension.
Side Effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, headache, nausea/vomiting, bitter taste in mouth
Common interactions: CNS depressants, anticholinergics, epinephrine
Usual Dosage(s): caps: 25, 50 mg
inj: 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL
Nursing Implications: Monitor BP q 5 min. Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to Hydralazine; coronary artery disease, mitral valvular rheumatic heart disease. |
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Term
Meperidine Hydrochloride
Classification: Class II narcotic opioid agonist |
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Definition
Uses of Medication: Given for pain control, for post partum shakes, and usually given with phenergan
Side Effects: lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, and sweating.
Common interactions: Meperidine is contraindicated in patients who are receiving monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors or those who have recently received such agents.
Usual Dosage(s): 50 mg to 150 mg orally
Nursing Implications: Use with caution in patients with asthma, renal impairment or heart conditions. |
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Term
Pitocin
Classification: hormone |
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Definition
Uses of Medication: used to induce labor, strengthen labor contractions during childbirth, control bleeding after childbirth, or to induce an abortion.
Side Effects: allergic reaction, difficulty urinating, chest pain or irregular heart beat, difficulty breathing, confusion, sudden weight gain or excessive swelling, severe headache, rash, excessive vaginal bleeding; or seizures.
Common interactions: Cervidil, Prepidil, Prostin E2
Usual Dosage(s): injection, IV
Nursing Implications: Use continuously for induction of labor titrate and watch patient closely. Want a good contraction pattern with adequate rest periods between contractions. |
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Term
Morphine Sulfate
Classification: Opiate analgesic |
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Definition
Uses of Medication:CNS agonist, binds receptors, severe pain control
Side Effects: Constipation and decreased respirations, Prolongs labor.
Common interactions: Don’t administer with other narcotics. Use caution with labor
Usual Dosage(s):2.5-15 mg, q4h IV 5-20 mg, q4h IM
Nursing Implications: Monitor pain relief and breathing closely. Monitor infant for sleepiness. Monitor for dizziness and teach pt. to ask for help if dizzy with ambulation. |
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Term
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Definition
Uses of Medication:used to manage moderate to severe pain, usually in people who have chronic pain.
Side Effects:Drowsiness, Lightheadedness, Weakness and fatigue, Feelings of elation, Dry mouth, Difficulty urinating, Difficulty breathing.
Common interactions: Do not mix with methohexital, pentobarbital, thiopental
Usual Dosage(s): skin patch, lozenge, pills, shots, a film that dissolves in your mouth, or by IV
Nursing Implications:History: Hypersensitivity to fentanyl or narcotics, physical dependence on a narcotic analgesic, pregnancy, labor, lactation, COPD, respiratory depression, anoxia. Physical: Orientation, reflexes, bilateral grip strength, affect; pupil size, vision; P, auscultation, BP; R. |
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Term
Xylocaine Hydrochloride
Classification: Local anesthetic |
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Definition
Uses of Medication: local anesthesia of accessible mucous membranes, prior to venipuncture or peripheral IV cannulation, during ophthalmic procedures.
Side Effects: Bradycardia, cardiac arrest, CV collapse, hypotension, Nausea, vomiting, Apprehension, confusion convulsions, dizziness, drowsiness, euphoria, hallucinations.
Common interactions: Hypersensitivity to amide local anesthetics; Stokes-Adams syndrome; Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome; severe degrees of sinoatrial, AV, or intraventricular block in absence of pacemaker.
Usual Dosage(s):300 mg. May be repeated 60 to 90 min.
Nursing Implications:Check drug concentration carefully; many concentrations are available. Reduce dosage with hepatic or renal failure. Continuously monitor response when used as antiarrhythmic or injected as local anesthetic. |
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Term
Ropivacaine
Classification: local anesthetic |
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Definition
Uses of Medication:loss of feeling during surgical procedures, labor, and delivery, or for short-term pain management.
Side Effects: Abnormal skin sensations; back pain; chills; difficulty urinating; dizziness; fast heartbeat; fatigue; headache; nausea; numbness; pain; vomiting; weakness.
Common interactions: Fluvoxamine, ketoconazole, imipramine, or theophylline
Usual Dosage(s):2 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 7.5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL injection
Nursing Implications: Monitor carefully cardiovascular and respiratory status throughout treatment period. Assess for hypotension and bradycardia. Report immediately S&S of CNS stimulation or CNS depression. |
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Term
Mepivacaine Hydrochloride
Classification: local anesthetic |
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Definition
Uses of Medication: local anesthesia for dental procedures by infiltration or nerve block in adults and pediatric patients.
Side Effects: Cardiovascular reactions are depressant. Nervousness, dizziness, blurred vision, or tremors may occur followed by drowsiness, convulsions, unconsciousness, and possible respiratory arrest.
Common interactions:patients with a known hypersensitivity to it or to any local anesthetic agent
Usual Dosage(s): cartridge contains 1.7 mL
Nursing Implications: Before injecting, withdraw syringe plunger to ensure injection is not into vein or artery. |
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Term
Dinoprostone
Classification: |
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Definition
Uses of Medication:Stimulates gravid uterus to contract/ cervical ripening agent
Side Effects:Transient fall in BP; syncope; dizziness; arrhythmias Headache; flushing; anxiety; tension; hot flashes; paresthesia; weakness
Common interactions:
Usual Dosage(s):
Nursing Implications:If contractions become too forceful can just remove it, and complications usually reverse. |
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Term
Cytotec
Classification: ripening agent |
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Definition
Uses of Medication:when cut into fours and placed close to cervix, or postpartum hemorrhage if used rectally
Side Effects: diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea/vomiting, headache
Common interactions: salicylic acid
Usual Dosage(s): tabs: 100, 200 mg
Nursing Implications:if contractions become too forceful must stop contractions to reverse the effect. |
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Term
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Definition
Uses of Medication:Termination of pregnancy and refractory postpartum uterine bleeding
Side Effects: Headache, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, uterine rupture, dyspnea, hiccups, fever, flushing
Common interactions: caution in patients with history of asthma, hypotension or hypertension, cardiovascular, adrenal, renal or hepatic disease.
Usual Dosage(s): nitial: 250 mcg; may repeat at 15- to 90-minute intervals to a total dose of 2 mg
Nursing Implications: Observe carefully for reports of wheezing and chest pain, changes in BP and pulse, monitor for contractions and excessive cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever may result. Monitor vaginal bleeding and SE’s. |
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Term
Zofran
Classification: Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor
antagonist antiemetic |
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Definition
Uses of Medication:Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting
Side Effects: headache, constipation, flushing/warmth in the head or epigastrium, hypersensitivity
Common interactions: CNS depressants, anticonvulsants, lithium
Usual Dosage(s): tab: 4, 8 mg. inj: 2 mg/mL
Nursing Implications: Be aware that HA requiring an analgesic for relief is a common adverse SE. Single doses for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting may be administered I.V. over 2-5 minutes as undiluted solution. |
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Term
Celestone
Classification: steroids |
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Definition
Uses of Medication:to treat many different conditions such as allergic disorders, skin conditions, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, or breathing disorders.
Side Effects:problems with your vision; swelling, rapid weight gain, feeling short of breath; severe depression, unusual thoughts or behavior, seizure; bloody or tarry stools, coughing up blood.
Common interactions:Do not receive a "live" vaccine while you are being treated with betamethasone.
Usual Dosage(s):PO 0.6 to 7.2 mg/day.
Nursing Implications:Can cause problems in patients that are diabetic. |
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Term
Vistaril
Classification: Histamine H1 receptor
antagonist |
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Definition
Uses of Medication: as a sedative to treat anxiety and tension.
Side Effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, headache, nausea/vomiting, bitter taste in mouth
Common interactions: CNS depressants, anticholinergics, epinephrine
Usual Dosage(s): caps: 25, 50 mg. inj: 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL
Nursing Implications: Assess for dehydration, monitor electrolytes, assist with ambulation, monitor lungs sounds for hypersensitivity reaction. Always use Z-track for IM. |
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Term
Bicitra
Classification: alkalinizing agent |
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Definition
Uses of Medication:prevent gout or kidney stones, or metabolic acidosis in people with kidney problems.
Side Effects: swelling, tingling, or numbness in your hands or feet; muscle twitching or pain, leg pain or cramps; unusual weakness, rapid and shallow breathing, fast or slow heart rate, dizziness, confusion, or mood changes; feeling restless, nervous, or irritable; black, bloody, or tarry stools; severe or ongoing diarrhea; or seizure.
Common interactions: kidney failure; severe heart damage; Addison's disease; high levels of potassium in your blood; or if you are severely dehydrated or have heat cramps.
Usual Dosage(s): 15ml po 10-30 mins. Prior to C/S.
Nursing Implications: Monitor serum electrolytes, especially bicarbonate, in patients with renal disease. Monitor for SE’s. Warn it has a sweet/sour taste. |
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Term
Pepcid
Classification: Histamine H2 receptor
antagonist |
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Definition
Uses of Medication: inhibits basal gastric acid secretion and chemically induced gastric acid secretion.
Side Effects: headache, malaise, dizziness, vertigo, somnolence, insomnia
Common interactions: warfarin anticoagulants, benzodiazepines, b-blockers, TCAs, cephalosporins
Usual Dosage(s): tabs: 20, 40 mg. inj: 10 mg/mL
Nursing Implications: Administer drug at bedtime. Decrease doses with renal failure. Arrange for administration of concurrent antacid therapy to relieve pain. |
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