Shared Flashcard Set

Details

OB-GYN TERMS
C. Putnam
138
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
09/28/2012
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
ALLELES:
 Definition
Genes that occupy corresponding positions on paired chromosomes.
Term
AMNION:
 Definition
The inner of the two membranes that forms a sac containing the fetus and the amniotic fluid (the outer membrane is the chorion).
Term
ANDROGEN:
 Definition
A male sex hormone such as testosterone.
Term
AREOLA:
 Definition
Pigmented region surrounding the nipple of the mammary gland or breast.
Term
AUTOSOMAL INHERITANCE:
 Definition
Characteristics transmitted by genes on the autosome, not the sex chromosomes.
Term
AUTOSOME:
 Definition
A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Term
BARTHOLlN’S GLANDS.
 Definition
Small mucus-secreting glands located on either side of the base of
the vagina.
Term
BLASTOCYST:
 Definition
An early stage of embryonic development that consists of a hollow ball of cells
Term
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS:
 Definition
Glands that secrete a viscous fluid into the male urethra at the
time of sexual excitement.
Term
CERVICAL:
 Definition
Pertaining to the neck or to the cervix of the uterus.
Term
CERVIX:
 Definition
Narrow, inferior end of the uterus that leads into the vagina.
Term
CHORION:
 Definition
Embryonic membrane that forms the outermost covering around the developing fetus and contributes to the formation of the placenta.
Term
CHORIONIC VILLI:
 Definition
Root-like branching projections of the chorion containing capillaries that
are the means by which gases, nutrients, and waste products are exchanged between the maternal and fetal circulation.
Term
CHROMATID:
 Definition
A member of a duplicate pair of chromosomes.
Term
CHROMATIN:
 Definition
Nuclear material that gives rise to chromosomes during mitosis.
Term
CHROMOSOME:
 Definition
Rod-like structure that appears in the nucleus of a cell during mitosis; contains the genes responsible for heredity.
Term
CLEAVAGE:
 Definition
The early successive divisions of embryonic cells into smaller and smaller cells.
Term
CLITORIS:
 Definition
Small erectile organ located in the anterior position of the female vulva; corresponds to the penis of the male.
Term
COITUS:
 Definition
Sexual intercourse.
Term
COITUS INTERRUPTUS:
 Definition
Removal of the penis from the vagina during sexual intercourse
before ejaculation occurs.
Term
CONCEPTION:
 Definition
The union of the male sperm and the ovum of the female; fertilization.
Term
CORPUS LUTEUM:
 Definition
Structures that form from the tissues of the ruptured ovarian follicle and
functions to secrete female hormones.
Term
DNA:
 Definition
(Deoxyribonucleic acid) A complex protein of high molecular weight consisting of deoxyribose, phosphoric acid and four bases arranged in two long chains that twist around each
other to form a double helix joined by bonds. Carries the chemical basis of heredity and genetic information.
Term
DOMINANT GENE:
 Definition
The gene of a gene pair that is expressed while its allele is not expressed.
Term
ECTODERM:
 Definition
The outermost layer of the primary germ layers, responsible for forming certain
embryonic body parts.
Term
EMBRYO:
 Definition
An organism in its earliest stages of development. ln human development, occurring between the ovum and fetal stages, or from two to eight weeks gestation.
Term
ENDODERM:
 Definition
The innermost layer of primary germ layers, responsible for forming certain
embryonic body parts.
Term
ENDOMETRIUM:
 Definition
The inner lining of the uterus.
Term
EPIDIDYMIS:
 Definition
Highly coiled tubule that leads from the seminiferous tubules of the testes to the vas deferens.
Term
EPIDURAL SPACE:
 Definition
The space between the dural sheath of the spinal cord and the bone of
the vertebral canal.
Term
ESTROGEN:
 Definition
Hormone that stimulates the development of female secondary sexual character-
istics, secreted by ovaries and placenta.
Term
FALLOPIAN TUBE:
 Definition
The tubular organ that propels an ovum from the ovary to the uterus by
means of ciliated epithelium and peristalsis of its smooth muscle layer.
Term
FERTILIZATION:
 Definition
The union of the nuclei of an ovum and a sperm cell: restores the diploid
number.
Term
FIMBRIAE:
 Definition
Fingerlike projections at the end of the fallopian tube which enclose the ovary.
Term
FLAGELLUM:
 Definition
A long, thread-like projection through a cell membrane; provides mobility for the cell; example sperm.
Term
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE, (FSH):
 Definition
A gonadotrophic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that initiates the production of ova in the ovaries or sperm in the testes.
Term
GAMETES:
 Definition
The male or female reproductive cells, sperm cells or ova, each with the haploid number of chromosomes.
Term
GENE:
 Definition
A segment of DNA that is the genetic code for a particular protein and is located in a finite position on a particular chromosome
Term
GENETIC CODE:
 Definition
The sequence of bases of the DNA in the chromosomes of cells; is the code for proteins.
Term
GENETIC DISEASE:
 Definition
A hereditary disorder that is the result of an incorrect sequence of bases in the DNA (gene) of a particular chromosome. May be passed to offspring.
Term
GENETIC IMMUNITY:
 Definition
The immunity provided by the genetic makeup of a species; reflects the
inability of certain pathogens to cause disease in certain host species.
Term
GENOTYPE:
 Definition
The genetic makeup of an individual; the genes that are present.
Term
GONADOTROPHIC HORMONE:
 Definition
A hormone that has its effects on the ovaries or testes (gonads) FSH and LH.
Term
GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE:
 Definition
A mature ovarian follicle that releases an ovum.
Term
GYNECOID PELVIS:
 Definition
A female type pelvis in which the inlet is round.
Term
HAPLOID NUMBER:
 Definition
Half the usual number of chromosomes found in the cells of a species.
Term
HELIX:
 Definition
A coil or spiral double helix is the descriptive term used for the shape of a DNA molecule; two strands of nucleotides coiled around each other and resembling a twisted ladder.
Term
HETEROZYGOUS:
 Definition
Having two different alleles for a trait.
Term
HOMOZYGOUS:
 Definition
Having two similar alleles for a trait.
Term
HORMONE:
 Definition
The secretion of an endocrine gland that has specific effects on particular target organs.
Term
HYMEN:
 Definition
A thin fold of mucous membrane that partially covers the vaginal orifice.
Term
IMPLANTATION:
 Definition
Embedding of the embryonic blastocyst in the endometrium of the uterus 6 to
8 days after fertilization.
Term
INHIBIN:
 Definition
A protein hormone secreted by the testes in response to increased testosterone. It inhibits secretion of FSH to help maintain a constant rate of spermatogenesis.
Term
INVITRO FERTILIZATION:
 Definition
Fertilization outside the body in which sperm and ova are mixed in laboratory glassware; early embryos may then be introduced into the uterus for implantation.
Term
LABIA MAJORA:
 Definition
The outer folds of skin of the vulva; enclose the labia minora and the vestibule.
Term
LABIA MINORA:
 Definition
The inner folds of the vulva; enclose the vestibule.
Term
LUTEINIZING HORMONE(LH):
 Definition
a gonadotrophic hormone produced in the anterior pituitary that, in men, stimulates secretion of testosterone by the testes or, in women, stimulates ovulation and secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum in the ovary.
Term
MAMMARY GLANDS:
 Definition
The glands of the female breasts that secrete milk; secretion and release of milk are under hormonal control.
Term
PROGESTERONE:
 Definition
A female hormone secreted by the corpus luteum of the ovary and by the
placenta.
Term
PROSTAGLANDINS (PG):
 Definition
Substance present in many body tissues; plays a role in many reproductive tract functions.
Term
PROSTATE GLAND:
 Definition
Gland located around the male urethra below the urinary bladder that adds its secretions to seminal fluid during ejaculation.
Term
RECESSIVE GENE:
 Definition
An allele of a gene pair that is not expressed while the other allele is
expressed.
Term
SCROTUM:
 Definition
A pouch of skin that encloses the testes.
Term
SEMINAL FLUID:
 Definition
Fluid discharged from the male reproductive tract at ejaculation that contains sperm cells and the secretions of various glands; semen.
Term
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE:
 Definition
Tubule within the testes in which sperm cells are formed.
Term
SEX CHROMOSOME:
 Definition
A chromosome responsible for the development of characteristics
associated with maleness or femaleness; an X or Y chromosome.
Term
SPERMATOZOA:
 Definition
Male reproductive cells; sperm cells
Term
TESTES:
 Definition
Primary reproductive organ of a male; a sperm cell-producing organ.
Term
TESTOSTERONE:
 Definition
Male sex hormone secreted by the interstitial cells of the testes.
Term
TROPHOBLAST:
 Definition
The outermost layer of the developing blastocyst of a mammal.
Term
UTERUS:
 Definition
Hollow muscular organ located within the female pelvis in which the fetus develops.
Term
VAGINA:
 Definition
Canal from the vulva to the cervix of the uterus.
Term
VAS DEFERENS:
 Definition
Tube that leads from the epididymis to the urethra of the male reproductive
tract, transports sperm.
Term
VULVA:
 Definition
The external reproductive parts of the female that surround the opening of the vagina.
Term
ZYGOTE:
 Definition
A fertilized ovum (egg). Cell produced by union of two gametes.
Term
ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY:
 Definition
Formation of antibodies by the pregnant woman in response to immunization or illness.
Term
AMENORRHEA:
 Definition
Absence of menstruation.
Term
AMNIOCENTESIS:
 Definition
Removal of amniotic fluid by insertion of a needle into the amniotic sac;
amniotic fluid is obtained to assess for fetal health and maturity.
Term
AMNIOTIC FLUID:
 Definition
Fluid that surrounds the fetus within the amniotic sac which permits fetal
movement, absorbs shocks and prevents heat loss.
Term
ANTEPARTUM:
 Definition
Before the onset of labor.
Term
BALLOTTEMENT:
 Definition
The fetus, when palpated, floats away and then returns to the touch of the
examiner’s fingers.
Term
BRAXTON-HICKS CONTRACTIONS:
 Definition
Intermittent contractions of the uterus; they occur more frequently toward the end of pregnancy and are sometimes mistaken for true labor contractions.
Term
CERTIFIED NURSE MIDWIFE:
 Definition
A certified Nurse midwife is a Registered Nurse who has received special training and education to care for the family during the normal pregnancy, labor, delivery and postpartum.
Term
CHADWICK’S SIGN:
 Definition
Violet bluish color of vaginal mucous membrane caused by increased vascularity, visible about the 4th week of pregnancy.
Term
CHLOASMA:
 Definition
Yellowish-brownish pigmentation over the bridge of the nose and cheeks during pregnancy and in some women who are taking contraceptives, also known as the mask of pregnancy.
Term
COLOSTRUM:
 Definition
A thin yellowish fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and the first days postpartum prior to lactation. It consists of maternal antibodies, water, white blood cells, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins and carbohydrates.
Term
COUVADE:
 Definition
A syndrome in which the father experiences the symptoms of the pregnant partner.
Term
CULTURE:
 Definition
The propagation of microorganisms or of living tissue cells in special media that are conducive to their growth.
Term
DIAGONAL CONJUGATE:
 Definition
Distance between the sacral promontory and the lower border of the symphysis pubis; may be obtained by manual measurement.
Term
DISPROPORTION:
 Definition
Lack of “normal relationship; fetus is too large or pelvis is too small for
normal vaginal birth.
Term
EDD:
 Definition
Expected date of delivery; usually determined by calculation using Naegele's
Term
FERTILITY:
 Definition
Quality of being able to reproduce.
Term
FHR:
 Definition
Rate of fetal heartbeats per minute, normal is 120-160.
Term
FETOSCOPE:
 Definition
A stethoscope specially adapted to facilitate listening to the fetal heart.
Term
FETUS:
 Definition
Undelivered baby after the embryonic period of development.
Term
GENOTYPE:
 Definition
Genetic makeup of an individual.
Term
GESTATION:
 Definition
Time from conception to birth, approximately 280 days.
Term
GESTATIONAL AGE:
 Definition
Number of completed weeks of fetal development calculated from the
first day of the last normal menstrual period.
Term
GOODELL’S SIGN:
 Definition
Softening of cervix that occurs during the 2nd month of pregnancy.
Term
GRAVID:
 Definition
Pregnant.
Term
GRAVIDA:
 Definition
The number of times a woman has been pregnant, a pregnant woman.
Term
HEGAR’S SIGN:
 Definition
Softening of the lower uterine segment found during palpation in the 2nd or 3rd month of pregnancy.
Term
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN(hCG):
 Definition
hormone produced by chorionic villi and found in the urine and blood of pregnant women.
Term
KEGEL EXERCISES:
 Definition
isometric exercises executed by voluntarily squeezing muscles of the
pelvic diaphragm and perineum so that these muscles can stretch and contract readily during birth of the baby. This is the same action required to stop the urinary flow while voiding.
Term
LEOPOLD’S MANEUVERS:
 Definition
A series of four maneuvers (abdominal palpitations) designed to provide a systematic approach to determine fetal presentation and position.
A series of four maneuvers (abdominal palpitations) designed to provide a systematic approach to determine fetal presentation and position.
Term
LIGHTENING:
 Definition
Moving of the fetus and uterus downward into the pelvic cavity.
Term
LINEA NIGRA:
 Definition
Line of darker pigmentation extending from the pubis to the umbilicus noted in some women during the later months of pregnancy.
Term
LITHOTOMY POSITION:
 Definition
Preferred position for pelvic examinations. The woman lies on her
back with hips and knees flexed; thighs drawn up toward her chest; feet are placed in stirrups and she slides down toward the end of the examination table so her buttocks are at the edge of the table.
Term
MONTGOMERY’S TUBERCLES:
 Definition
Small glands situated on the areola around the nipple.
Term
MULTIGRAVIDA:
 Definition
A woman who has previously been pregnant.
Term
MULTIPARAZ:
 Definition
A woman who has had more than one pregnancy in which the fetus(es) was
viable (20 weeks gestation).
Term
NAEGELE’S RULE:
 Definition
Method used to calculate the expected date of birth, count back 3 months
from the first day of last menstrual period and add 7 days.
Term
NITRAZINE PAPER:
 Definition
Paper used to detect the pH of vaginal secretions to determine the presence of amniotic fluid.
Term
NONSTRESS TEST:(NST).
 Definition
A test used to assess the response of fetal movement to fetal heart
rate.
Term
NULLIGRAVIDA:
 Definition
A woman who has never been pregnant.
Term
NULLIPARA:
 Definition
A woman who has never delivered a live fetus.
Term
PARA:
 Definition
A woman who has bore offspring who reached the age of viability (20-24 weeks gestation).
Term
PASSIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY:
 Definition
Transfer of antibodies (IgG) from the mother to the fetus in-utero.
Term
PERINATOLOGIST:
 Definition
A physician specializing in the study and care of the fetus and infant.
Term
PERINATOLOGY:
 Definition
A study of the perinatal period particularly with high-risk mothers and infants.
Term
PICA:
 Definition
The eating of substances not ordinarily considered edible or to have nutritive value.
Term
PIH:
 Definition
Pregnancy induced hypertension, characterized by hypertension, albuminuria and edema.
Term
PLACENTA:
 Definition
Specialized disk shaped organ that connects the fetus to the uterine wall for gas, nutrition, and waste exchanges
Term
PLACENTAL SOUFFLE:
 Definition
Soft blowing sounds produced by blood coursing through the placenta, has the same rate as the maternal pulse.
Term
PRESUMPTIVE SIGNS OF PREGNANCY:
 Definition
Symptoms that suggest pregnancy but do not confirm it, such as cessation of menses, fatigue, breast changes and morning sickness.
Term
PRIMIGRAVIDA:
 Definition
A woman who is pregnant for the first time.
Term
PRIMIPARA:
 Definition
A woman who has given birth to her first child past the point of Viability, whether or not that child is living or was alive at birth.
Term
QUICKENING:
 Definition
Maternal perception of fetal movement; usually occurs between weeks 16 and
20 of gestation.
Term
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY:
 Definition
A very sensitive method of determining the concentration of substances such as hormones in blood plasma.
Term
RH FACTOR:
 Definition
An inherited antigen present on erythrocytes. The individual with the factor is Rh positive (Rh+), and the individual without the factor is Rh-negative (Rh-)
Term
STRIAE GRAVIDARUM:
 Definition
Irregular reddish streaks (stretch marks) resulting from the stretching
and tearing of connective tissue during pregnancy, they generally appear on the abdomen, breasts and thighs.
Term
SURROGATE MOTHER:
 Definition
A fertile woman who is impregnated for the purpose of producing a child for another (infertile couple).
Term
TRANSPLACENTAL:
 Definition
Movement of material across the placenta.
Term
TRIMESTER:
 Definition
A 3-month period of time. Pregnancy has three distinct trimesters.
Term
ULTRASOUND:
 Definition
Use of high frequency sound waves that may be directed through the use of a
transducer into the maternal abdomen. Used in fetal assessment.
Term
UMBILICAL CORD:
 Definition
Cord containing two arteries and one vein that connects the fetus with the
placenta.
Term
VERSION:
 Definition
A turning of the position of the fetus in the uterus before birth. Can be spontaneous or manually induced.
Term
VIABLE:
 Definition
Capable of living.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!