Term
| ulcer of syphilis vs. herpes |
|
Definition
syphilis: single, painless ulcer
herpes: multple, painful ulcers |
|
|
Term
| dx test of trichominiasis and candidiasis |
|
Definition
| visualize organisms on microscopy |
|
|
Term
| dx test of bacterial vaginosis |
|
Definition
| whiff test and appearance of clue cells |
|
|
Term
| typical initial infectious agent of PID |
|
Definition
| N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| order of puberty in female |
|
Definition
thelarche
pubarche
maximum growth velocity
menarche |
|
|
Term
| three MC causes of 1* amenorrhea |
|
Definition
gonadal dysgenesis
mullerian agenesis
androgen insensitivity |
|
|
Term
| MC cause of 2* amenorrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| breast development without uterus ddx |
|
Definition
androgen insensitivity
mullerian agenesis
ddx by karyotype |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
estrogen sensitivt, fibromuscular benign tumor
originate from monoclonal cell line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increased LH:FSH ratio
decreases fasting glucose:insulin ratio
hirsutism
obesity |
|
|
Term
| endometriosis presentation |
|
Definition
pelvic pain
dyspareunia
infertility |
|
|
Term
| adenomysosis presentation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| initial infertility evaluation |
|
Definition
basal body temp chart to assess ovulation
semen analysis
hysterosalpingogram
postcoital cervical mucus test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ovarian hyperstimulation w/ injectable gonadotropins
egg retrieval
fertilization
embryo transfer |
|
|
Term
| stress incontinence (define, etiologies) |
|
Definition
loss of urine due to increased intra-abdominal pressure
etiologies: urethral hypermobility (MC), intrinsic sphincter deficiency |
|
|
Term
| urge incontinence (define) |
|
Definition
| loss of urine due to detrusor instability |
|
|
Term
| recognized pregnancies lost in miscarriage (%) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC chromosomal abnormality in miscarriage |
|
Definition
autosomal trisomies (combined)
single most common is monosomy X |
|
|
Term
| ectopic pregnancy presentation |
|
Definition
abdominal pain
abnormal vaginal bleeding |
|
|
Term
| beta-hCG pattern in normal pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
irregular then absent menses
hot flashes
vaginal atrophy or dryness |
|
|
Term
| vulvar cancer (MC type, spread) |
|
Definition
squamous
lymphatics to superficial inguinal nodes |
|
|
Term
| Paget's disease of vulva assoc. |
|
Definition
underlying adenocarcinoma
(recommend local excision) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clinical
req. general anesthesia + cystoscoy + proctoscopy |
|
|
Term
| risk factors for endometrial cancer |
|
Definition
| obesity, anovulation, tamoxifen |
|
|
Term
| endometrial cancer presentation |
|
Definition
abnormal uterine bleeding
esp. postmenopausal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mimics advanced-stage ovarian cancer
but is benign ovarian fibroma
assoc. w/ ascites and pleural effusion |
|
|
Term
| mom with h/o baby with NTD |
|
Definition
needs 4mg of folic acid daily prenatally
(compared to normal 400mcg) |
|
|
Term
| advanced maternal age assoc. |
|
Definition
increased chromosomal abnormalities
increased first trimester losses
increased risk of most OB complications |
|
|
Term
| why pregnancy is hypercoaguable state |
|
Definition
increased clotting factors
increased venous stasis |
|
|
Term
| Group B strep (screening timing) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gestational diabetes tests |
|
Definition
screening: fasting, 50g glucose, 1hr
confirmation: fasting, 100gm, 3hr |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| magnesium sulfate for preeclamptics |
|
Definition
give to preeclamptic women during labor and for 24hr after delivery
prevents seizures |
|
|
Term
| T3 and T4 levels in pregnancy |
|
Definition
increase due to increased thyroglobulin binding protein
free levels remain constant |
|
|
Term
| anticonvulsants OB assoc. |
|
Definition
| increased congenital anomalies risk 2-3x |
|
|
Term
| cardiac output in pregnancy |
|
Definition
increased
first due to increased SV
then due to increased HR and SV |
|
|
Term
| endocarditis prophylaxis in vaginal delivery |
|
Definition
| women with cardiac valvular disease or VSDs |
|
|
Term
| leading cause of maternal mortality in U.S. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BUN and creatinine in pregnancy |
|
Definition
| decreased due to increased renal plasma flow and increased GFR |
|
|
Term
| risk of pyelonephritis in pregnancy |
|
Definition
increased
due to anatomic changes, changes in urine content, increased progesterone affecting ureteral motility |
|
|
Term
| maternal parvovirus infection consequences |
|
Definition
| possible fetal anemia, hydrops, and intrauterine fetal demise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| C-section to prevent neonatal transmission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| possible congenital heart block, neonatal lupus |
|
|
Term
| cocaine users - complications |
|
Definition
| placental abruption and still birth in 8% |
|
|
Term
| lithium assoc. in pregnancy |
|
Definition
cardiac malformations
esp. Ebstein's anomaly |
|
|
Term
| incidence of postpartum blues, depression, psychosis |
|
Definition
blues 50-80%
depression 8-15%
psychosis 1-2/1000 |
|
|
Term
| anesthetic considerations in pregnancy |
|
Definition
aspiration risk
physiologic resp. changes
IVC compression by gravid uterus
hypercoaguability |
|
|
Term
| mean gestation age for: twins, triplets, quadruplets |
|
Definition
twins: 35
triplets: 33
quadruplets: 31 |
|
|
Term
| twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome |
|
Definition
monozygotic pregnancies
due to placental vascular anastomosis between fetuses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if mom produces antibodies against fetal red blood cell antigenes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anti-D immunoglobulin
given to Rh- moms at 28wks, at other times when risk of fetomaternal hmx is there, and postpartum
when baby is Rh+ |
|
|
Term
| baseline risk of congenital anomalies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC autosomal disorders (live, stillbirth, first tri loss) |
|
Definition
trisomy 21 for live births
trisomy 18 in still births
trisomy 16 in first trimester losses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the beta-hCG level at which an interuterine pregnancy should be seen on U/S |
|
|
Term
| gestation dating measurments on U/S |
|
Definition
First trimester: crown-rump length
Second Tri/Third Tri: biparietal diameter, head circumference, femur length, abdominal circumference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
estimated fetal weight less than 10th percentile
most complications occur only if less than 5th percentile |
|
|
Term
| source and resorption of amniotic fluid |
|
Definition
source: fetal urine
resorpation: fetal swallowing |
|
|
Term
| MC cause of polyhydramnios |
|
Definition
1. idiopathic
2. maternal DM |
|
|
Term
| hCG (source and function) |
|
Definition
source: placental syncytiotrophoblast
Fx: maintain the corpus leuteum production of progesterone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal placental development over the internal cervical os |
|
|
Term
| placenta accreta (define) |
|
Definition
| abnormal placental development ATTACHED to the myometrium |
|
|
Term
| placenta increta (define) |
|
Definition
| abnormal placental development INTO the myometrium |
|
|
Term
| placenta percreta (define) |
|
Definition
| abnormal placental development THROUGH the myometrium |
|
|
Term
| placenta previa presentation |
|
Definition
| PAINLESS third-trimester vaginal bleeding |
|
|
Term
| placenta abruption presentatio |
|
Definition
| PAINFUL third-trimester vaginal bleeding |
|
|
Term
| chance of full term after 2 consecutive mid-trimester losses due to premature cervical dilation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
indicated for cervical incompetence
controversial benefit |
|
|
Term
| PROM (premature rupture of membranes) signs |
|
Definition
pooling
positive nitrazine test
ferning of vaginal fluid |
|
|
Term
| external cephalic version (define) |
|
Definition
| one or two people try to maneuver baby from breech to cephalic presentation |
|
|
Term
| early deceleration (interpretation) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| late deceleration (interpretation) |
|
Definition
| uretoplacental insufficiency, abnormal |
|
|
Term
| variable deceleration (interpretation) |
|
Definition
| cord compressioin, abnormal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stage 1: onset of ctx to complete dilation
Stage 2: complete dilation to delivery of fetus
Stage 3: delivery of fetus to delivery of placenta |
|
|
Term
| cardinal movements of labor |
|
Definition
1. engagement
2. descent
3. flexion
4. internal rotation
5. extension
6. external rotation
7. expulsion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infection, specifically endometritis |
|
|
Term
| main complication of vaginal birth after c/s (VBAC) |
|
Definition
uterine rupture
level of risk depends on previous type of uterine incision |
|
|
Term
| postpartum hemorrhage (define) |
|
Definition
blood loss >500mL for vaginal
blood loss >1000mL for c/s |
|
|
Term
| MC cause of postpartum hemorrhage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC cause of postpartum fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| greatest risk factor for postpartum endometritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anteverted
(i.e. uterus: tilted forward towards the bladder) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
breech
presentation, in which the baby exits the pelvis with the buttocks or feet first as opposed to the normal head-first presentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bilateral salpingo oophorectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bartholin, urethral, skene glands
(anatomy: http://www.allthingsvagina.com/bartholin-gland-cysts-and-abcesses/) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| completely effaced cervix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contraction stress test
induce contractions and monitor the fetus to check for heart rate abnormalities using a cardiotocograph |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cephalopelvic disproportion
capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
estimated date of confinement
aka estimated date of delivery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| estimated gestational age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forceps assisted vaginal delivery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fetal heart tones
(baseline HR, variability, accelerations or decelerations) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cardiotocography
technical means of recording the fetal heartbeat and the uterine contractions during pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gravida (number of pregnancies), para (number/outcome of pregnancies) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
# - number of pregnancies
a - number of full term births
b - number of pre-term births
c - number of spontaneous abortions
d - number of living children (helps to included multiples) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hysterosalpinogram
investigate the shape of the uterine cavity and the shape and patency of the fallopian tubes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intrauterine growth restriction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intrauterine fetal demise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intrauterine pressure catheter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long (as in zero cervical effacement) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
left occiput posterior
a presenting position of fetus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
left occiput anterior
a presenting position of fetus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the orientation of the fetus (baby) in the womb, identified by the location of the presenting part of the fetus relative to the pelvis of the mother |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low transverse cesarean section |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
midline episiotomy
surgical incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall generally done by a midwife or obstetrician during second stage of labor to quickly enlarge the opening for the baby to pass through |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nonstress test (cardiotocography)
well-oxygenated, non-acidemic fetus will spontaneously have temporary increases in the fetal heart rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spontaneous vaginal delivery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occiput anterior
a presenting position of fetus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oxytocin contraction test
given in a low dose and increased until three contractions within 10 minutes, each one lasting longer than 45 seconds
used as contraction stress test initiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occiput posterior
a presenting position of fetus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vacuum assisted vaginal delivery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a - dilation of cervix
b - effacement of cervix
c - position of fetus |
|
|
