Term
| What is the transformation of bilaminar disk to trilaminar disc? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does gastrulation occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm derived? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is urogenital ridge derived from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is the embryonic period? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Genetic sex is determined... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gonadal sex is determined.... |
|
Definition
| 8-11 weeks; determined by influence of the genetic sex on undifferentiated gonad |
|
|
Term
| ducal sex is determined... |
|
Definition
| 9-12 weeks; determined by the presence or absence of testicular products |
|
|
Term
| genital sex is determined... |
|
Definition
| 12-20 weeks determined by presence or absence of androgen |
|
|
Term
| where do germ cells originate? |
|
Definition
| in the primary ectoderm of the embryo and migrate into the yolk sac |
|
|
Term
| when does the urogenital ridge form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The y-chromosome consists of two very important regions that determine "maleness," which is... |
|
Definition
| SRY and TDF (sex determining region of y chromosome, and testis-determining factor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the key product of sertoli cells of a male during fetal development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Leydig cells in the male during embryo-genesis? |
|
Definition
| produce testosterone for differentiation of external genitalia and formation of wolffian ducts |
|
|
Term
| What type of anomalies in the fetus account for highest of all body systems? |
|
Definition
| urogenital tract anomalies (10%) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is urinary/breat history part of gynecological history? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GaPbcde what do the subscripts stand for? |
|
Definition
a=how many times they've been pregnant
b=to full term (at least 37 weeks)
c=to pre-term (20 weeks)
d=miscarriages/abortions
e=living children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A woman with 2 kids who has had one pre-term delivery, no misscarriages, and is currently pregnant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glands on the vagina that is disto-lateral to the vaginal opening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pouch of douglas is also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the isthmus of the uterine tube fixed or flexible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The right ovary is drained to the.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left ovary is drained by the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is there a heartbeat? when can it be seen on ultrasound? on doppler? |
|
Definition
| 3-4 weeks; 6-7 weeks; 12 weeks |
|
|
Term
| when is fetal movement first detected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What time period is the most important for major defects of the fetus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does estrogen increase or decrease the risk of clots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By what percentage does blood volume increase during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvic inflammatory disease is defined as.... |
|
Definition
| generic term for inflammation of uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries |
|
|
Term
| What is the concern with pelvic inflammatory disease and pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| Increased risk of tubal pregnancies |
|
|
Term
| What does TORCH stand for |
|
Definition
toxoplasmosis
other (parvo, EBV, Varicella, Syphilis)
rubella
CMV
hepatitis (B and C) and herpes |
|
|
Term
| How many extra calories must a mother eat per day during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Baby movement is not consistent until... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the uterus first measure in pregnant mom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is Rho-gam administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is GBS swab performed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do doctors screen of TORCH? |
|
Definition
| Don't screen during pregnancy because nothing they can do about it, but be done postnatally only |
|
|
Term
| Toxoplasmosis has an increased risk of infection during which trimester? |
|
Definition
| the 3rd; although first trimester infection to fetus is more severe |
|
|
Term
| What is fetal toxoplasmosis infection associated with? |
|
Definition
| abortion, prematurity, growth retardation |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of a mother with toxoplasmosis infection? |
|
Definition
| Mother only has mild, vague symptoms so prevention is the best method to prevent infection (i.e. don't clean litter box, keep indoor cats inside) |
|
|
Term
| What is the prognosis for an infant infected with CMV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the symptoms associated with a fetus infected with CMV? |
|
Definition
| prematurity, lbw, microcephaly, chorioretinitis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura...BLUEBERRY BABY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hematopoetic centers of body (spleen, bone marrow) and forms ectopic hematopoetic sites |
|
|
Term
| A mother with a heterophile negative mononucleosis syndrome has... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 is mostly upper body (mouth) and 2 is lower body (2) although not set in stone anymore |
|
|
Term
| What preventative measures are given to a mother with herpes infection? |
|
Definition
| acyclovir @ 36 weeks regardless of active lesions or not |
|
|
Term
| If there are active lesions of herpes on mother during delivery what must be done? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of a baby infected with herpes during delivery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rubella is also known as... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some of the symptoms of a fetus infected with rubella virus? |
|
Definition
| cataracts, deafness, patent ductus arteriosis |
|
|
Term
| The attack rate of this microbe is low but always results in death of fetus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for GBS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the worst time during pregnancy to be infected by parvovirus B-19 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During what season is parvovirus most prevalent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Parvovirus has a predilection towards what cells in fetus? |
|
Definition
| erythroid progenitor cells |
|
|
Term
| What does parvovirus cause in fetus? |
|
Definition
| fetal hydrops (conjestive heart failure) secondary to aplastic anemia |
|
|
Term
| What is defined as a UTI? |
|
Definition
| greater than 100,000 pure colonies/cc of urine |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the common microbes that cause UTIs |
|
Definition
E. Coli, proteus mirabilis, GBS, klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis and GBS have no nitrate-->nitrite |
|
|
Term
| Is gonorrhea intracellular or extracellular? Gram-negative or positive? |
|
Definition
| Intracellular, gram -, diplococci |
|
|
Term
| What is given to infant at birth to prevent blindness? |
|
Definition
| silver nitrate (for chlamydia and gonorrhea) |
|
|
Term
| What is the microbe that causes syphilis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What test can be done to see if mother is infected with syphilis? |
|
Definition
| fluorescent treponemal antibody screen |
|
|
Term
| What is the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction? |
|
Definition
| Occurs after treatment of syphilis (penicillin)...begins 2-8 hours post therapy, gets chills fever because of release of endotoxin |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the symptoms of syphilis infection in utero? |
|
Definition
| hydrops, large placenta, hepatosplenomegaly |
|
|
Term
| Infant syphilis infection presentation |
|
Definition
| persistant rhinitis, generalized lymphadenopathy, osteochondritis (radiographs reveal alternating densities) |
|
|
Term
| Presentation of child with syphilis |
|
Definition
| hitchinson's teeth, intersititial keratitis, 8th nerve damage (hearing) |
|
|
Term
| Trichomonas is present in what vaginal pH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the plan for HIV infected mother during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| Initiate Azt after 1st trimester, do C-section, azt to infant after birth, and no breast feeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because there is a windo between HBsAg dissapearance and HBsAG appearance, ___ is used |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the percent loss after implantation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the percent loss of fertilized oocytes before implantation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In each ovulatory cycle, only ____ percent can of normally fertile couples can achive a live birth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pill has ___percent failure (inluding human error) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does estrogen in the pill do? |
|
Definition
| stabilizes endometrium (reduces menstrual bleeding) |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of pregnancy according to WHO? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is provera? what are some of the complications? |
|
Definition
| injected progesterone, exacerbate depression, appetite |
|
|
Term
| Copper t380 IUD vs. Mirena IUD |
|
Definition
1. sterile inflammation, good for 10 years, sperm cannot survive, increased blood loss
2. Progesterone releasing, decreased blood loss, increased risk of ectopic pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Condoms have a ____ percent failure rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Doing nothing has a ____ percent failure rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths (of mother) during the first trimester? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What accounts for the increasingly high rate of ectopic pregnancies? |
|
Definition
| promiscuity, pelvic inflammatory disease, IUDs, tubal surgeries |
|
|
Term
| What is the worst place to have an ectopic pregnancy? The best? |
|
Definition
corneal (where uterine tube and uterus meets)
fimbrial |
|
|
Term
| If a woman has abdominal pain, always always always do this... |
|
Definition
| pregnancy test (abdominal pain is the only sure symptom of ectopic pregnancy, other symptoms will vary) |
|
|
Term
| can you still have a period with ectopic pregnancies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one of the major problems after delivery of an ectopic fetus? |
|
Definition
| bleeding (no contraction of uterus to prevent!) |
|
|
Term
| Of all ectopic pregnancies, ampullary accounts for _____% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are progesterone levels usually high or low in ectopic pregnancies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hCG levels are necessary to view ectopic pregnancies with abdominal u/s? vaginal u/s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extraction of recto-uterine pouch fluid. |
|
|
Term
| A Culdocentesis reveals non-clotting blood. What is this indicative of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a treatment option for ectopic pregnancy? |
|
Definition
methotrexate (need reliable patient)
this is an abortifacient |
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of abortion? |
|
Definition
| delivery of fetus weighing less than or equal to 500 grams or less than 20 weeks gestation |
|
|
Term
| what is a habitual abortion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a missed abortion |
|
Definition
| fetus died, but no bleeding |
|
|
Term
| what percentage of pregnancies will result in miscarriage in 1st trimester? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 most common uterine abnormalities that accounts for miscarriage? |
|
Definition
1. mullerian fusion abnormalities
2. synechiae (intrauterine adhesions)
3. leiomyoma (fibroid, muscle growth)
4. incompetent cervical os (2nd trimester loss) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stitching to fix an incompetent uterus |
|
|
Term
| What is a luteal phase defect? |
|
Definition
insufficient progesterone support of implantation site
trophoblasts should take over the corpus luteum at apporximately 7 weeks gestation |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the methods of abortion/ |
|
Definition
dilation and curttage
pitocin
prostaglandin (contractions)
laminaria (sea-weed stick, expands, cervix dilates and contractions start)
dilation and evacuation |
|
|
Term
| Is DIC a potential complication after an abortion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How common is infertility? |
|
Definition
| Affects 10-15% of couples |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal vaginal opening, but anxiety can clamp vagina together completely |
|
|
Term
Factors for infertility, (give percentages):
male factor
ovulation factors
uterine/cervical factors
medical factors
unexplained |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what blood pressure should worsening HBP be given medication? |
|
Definition
| 160/100 (DO NOT GIVE ACE INHIBITORS) |
|
|
Term
| When is pre-eclampsia most common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Morbidity/mortality of fetus/mom with eclamptic mother |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C/s or vaginal delivery with eclampsia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the antidote of magnesium sulfate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common cause of 3rd trimester bleeding? |
|
Definition
| rupture of membranes (but rule out placental previa, vasa previa, placental abruption |
|
|
Term
| What must be done with placenta previa? |
|
Definition
| must have C/S because baby cannot come out before placenta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
help to open cervix for labor, also for uterine to contract after labor bleeding
put in rectum b/c vagina will bleed out |
|
|
Term
| Radiological treatment of severe post-partum bleeding |
|
Definition
| uterine artery embolization or ligation with O'leary stitch |
|
|
Term
| what std is associated with inguinal lymhpodenapathY/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
painful ulcer
painless ulcer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what STD presents with donovan bodies? |
|
Definition
| granuloma inguinale (lymphogranula venereum) |
|
|
Term
| what are some of the microbes (3) that cause purulent, non-gonoccocal urethritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This STD is many times asymptomatic in females, but symptomatic in males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gonorrhea is a gram____, ____cellular, ____cocci |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All cervical cancer patients have _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HPV infection is also present in 90% of these types of cancers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which serotypes of HPV are most common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does it take for viral clearance of HPV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If someone has a monogamous relationship and gets HPV, is this a sign of unfaithfullness? |
|
Definition
| NO, hpv can be dormant for many years before it shows up |
|
|
Term
| Can hepatitis B be transmitted sexually? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By what mechanism does the uterus grow in the first trimester? the second trimester? |
|
Definition
progesterone, estrogen
mechanical distention |
|
|
Term
| What are braxton-hicks contractions |
|
Definition
| irregular, painless contractions that are not real contractions of labor |
|
|
Term
| What is the source of progesterone during early pregnancy? Maximum at? |
|
Definition
| corpeus luteum; 6-7 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not a tumor but is very large and releases androgens! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patches of tissue on uterus that can cause pre-term bleeding |
|
|
Term
| In which way is the uterus rotated during pregnancy |
|
Definition
| dextrorotation (to the right) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cyanosis of vagina, cervix b/c of estrogen and an early sign of pregnancy! |
|
|
Term
| Vaginal changes during pregnancy |
|
Definition
| increased secretions, vascularity, length |
|
|
Term
| what bacteria keeps the vagina at a low pH during pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is typical of urine contents during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| Increased glucose and AA, thus increasing susceptibility to a UTI |
|
|
Term
| Which side of the pregnant women will the ureters and renal pelvis be dilated? |
|
Definition
| right side, b/c of sigmoid colon |
|
|
Term
the right ovarian artery/vein empties into....
the left empties into... |
|
Definition
aorta, IVC
Renal Artery/vein |
|
|
Term
Changes during pregnancy:
RPF
GFR
FF (filtration fraction gfr/rpf)
clearance of creatinine |
|
Definition
| all increase except FF (rpf increase greater then gfr increase) |
|
|
Term
renal changes:
BUN and Creatine
uric acid
plasma osmolality
sodium
renin/angiotensin |
|
Definition
decrease
decrease (except in pre-eclampsia)
decrease
increase
increase |
|
|
Term
| Is there hyper or hypo secretion of respiratory fluids in mother? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the tidal volume of mother? How do the kidneys compensate? |
|
Definition
| Increase in tidal volume, causing respiratory alkolosis with metabolic compensation (increased bicarb clearance) |
|
|
Term
| What does the decrease in blood CO2 pressure allow for? |
|
Definition
| increased CO2 transfer from fetus to mother |
|
|
Term
| supine hypotension syndrome |
|
Definition
| When the mother is in the supine position (laying down), aortic/vena cava becomes compressed and causes hypotension |
|
|
Term
| Besides an increase in tidal volume, what also increases in pregnant mom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much does cardiac output increase? When is it maximal? |
|
Definition
30-50% (Stroke volume x heart rate)
maximal at 10 weeks gestation |
|
|
Term
| what happens to blood pressure of mom during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| increases at first but will decrease (because of decreased arterial resistance) in 2nd trimester and normal levels by term |
|
|
Term
| What happens to venous blood pressure |
|
Definition
| increase in lower extremities only, causing swelling, varicosities, hemorrhoids |
|
|
Term
| Why is there a 10-20% increase in cardiac output immediately after delivery? |
|
Definition
| associated with reflex bradycardia |
|
|
Term
Hematological changes:
hematocrit
wbc
platelets |
|
Definition
decrease ( dilutional effect of maternal plasma volume increase)
increase
decrease a little |
|
|
Term
| How much does the maternal plasma vloume increase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to RBC mass of mother? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Changes in mother during pregnancy:
t-wave
murmurs
heart sounds |
|
Definition
flattening
ejection murmur
s3 heard |
|
|
Term
| What is the total requirement of iron during pregnancy? How much per day? Does maternal deficiency lead to reduced stores in the fetus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can't stand taste of own saliva
softening of gums and epulis gravidarum may also occur (tissue on gums) |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the GI changes during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
slower emptying (increased constipation)
slower emptying of gall bladder (cholestastis of pregnancy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
striae gravidarum
why hyperpigmentation?
chloasma
linea nigra |
|
Definition
strech marks
increase MSH
mask of pregnancy
darkening of linea alba |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels |
|
|
Term
| Growth hormone change during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
thyroid size?
iodine uptake?
TBG? |
|
Definition
| all increase (free portion of T3-4 stays same) |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the beta cells of mother during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Human placental lactogen has what effect on mother |
|
Definition
| causes insulin resistance |
|
|
Term
| What type of antibody can be transmitted to fetus via breast milk/cross placenta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does progesterone do in the hypothalamus regarding fat content? |
|
Definition
| resets lipostat, increasing fat storage |
|
|
Term
| What is the major nutrient of fetus, that cannot be endogenously produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HPL from fetus has what effect on fatty acids in mother? |
|
Definition
| increases free fatty acids, causes increase in ketone bodies in mother |
|
|
Term
| When is fetal insulin present? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the rate of diffusion of fats high or low to placenta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain course of blood flow in fetal circulation. |
|
Definition
NUTRIENT RICH BLOOD
Umbilical vein source of nutrient-rich blood
skips liver via ductus venosus and enters IVC
nutrient rich blood skips right ventricle (foramen ovale) and goes to aorta/carotids
NUTRIENT POOR BLOOD
main source is superior/inferior vena cava, goes through right ventricle
ductus arteriosis allows blood to then enter descending aorta and out hypogastric arteries and go out through umbilical artery! |
|
|
Term
FHR @ first trimester:
FHR 2nd and 3rd: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory epithelium and bronchioles don't develop until... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amniotic fluid is key for development of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of surfactant? |
|
Definition
| decreases surface tension to prevent hyaline membrane disease |
|
|
Term
| what is surfactant derived from? |
|
Definition
| lecithin and phophatidylglycerol |
|
|
Term
| what is the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does phosphatidylglycerol need to be present? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
early decels
variable decels
late decels |
|
Definition
head compression (normal)
cord compression
utero/placenta defect (bad) |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between fetal hemoglobin and maternal hemoglobin? |
|
Definition
has 2 gamma chains that increases affinity for oxygen..also it is 18gm/dl in fetus (elevated)
decreased affinity to 2,3 BPG |
|
|
Term
| is fetal urine hyper or hypotonic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can the fetal kidney do better than adult? |
|
Definition
| increased glucose absorption |
|
|
Term
| what causes polyhydramnios? |
|
Definition
| if baby does not swallow (up to 450cc/day at term) will account for larger stomach |
|
|
Term
| What is treatment for uterine cancer? |
|
Definition
| surgical and may require postoperative radiation therapy |
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of menopause |
|
Definition
| cessation of menses for a year |
|
|
Term
| What is common about FSH and LH levels in a woman without a uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do eggs develop into the antral stage during perimenopause? (5 years prior) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When cycles are 45 days, how long until menopause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do FSH levels increase or decrease a year before menopause? |
|
Definition
| increase, as do estradiol levels |
|
|
Term
| what happens to FSH/LH levels after menopause |
|
Definition
| both increase, FSH to 25-30 and LH is more variable |
|
|
Term
When does menopause begin for....
smokers
undernourished
alcohol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hot flashes caused by the decline of ______ and is always preceded by _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to the pH level in a post menopausal women? |
|
Definition
| they increase, increasing the susceptibility to vaginosis |
|
|
Term
| Does menopause cause depression? |
|
Definition
| no but it can aggravate it, prozac is a therapy for hot flashes anyways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reduce risk of CV disease
higher HDL levels
prostacyclin and nitrous production
inhibits oxidation of LDL
supresses osteoclasts
aids in absorption of calcium and Vitamin D
increase number of vitamin D receptors on osteoblasts |
|
|
Term
| loss of estrogen leads to _____osteoclastic activity because the osteoclasts will have a _____response to parathyroid hormone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bone mass is dependent on..... |
|
Definition
| calcium intake before the age of 19 |
|
|
Term
| What is a common vertebral problem in woman over age of 65? |
|
Definition
| 50% will have vertebral compression fractures |
|
|
Term
| A woman is ____times more likely to have endometriosis if within immediate family and these endometrium (either eutopic or ectopic) is resistant to _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____responsible for shedding endometrium during menses dont' work in patients with endometriosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is responsible for the development and growth of endometriosis? |
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Definition
| estrogen dependent (aromatase activity in the endometrium seen in these patients) |
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Term
| what are some of the changes seen in the macrophages/monocytes of endometriosis patients? NK cells? |
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Definition
secrete growth factors instead of destruction
overexpression of inhibitory receptors |
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Term
| endometriosis is found in ____% of infertile woman |
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Definition
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Term
| Endometriosis patients have _____peak estrogen levels |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the risk of endometriosis in black woman? asian? mean age of diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| symptoms of endometriosis |
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Definition
new, progressive, sever pain
pain dull and aching
painful intercourse with deep penetration, worse before menses |
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Term
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Definition
| ovarian cysts containing menstrual fluid |
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Term
| what is a treatment option for endometriosis? |
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Definition
| danazol (testosterone derivative) |
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Term
| what is the evil twin of endometriosis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| where is adenomyosis only found (in what woman) |
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Definition
| women who have had children |
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Term
| what are some of the symptoms of adenomyosis? |
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Definition
| painful and frequent menses |
|
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Term
| how can you distinguish adenomyosis from endometriosis? |
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Definition
| adenomyosis does not respond to hormonal stimuli, normal age is 40 years, tender and boggy uterus |
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Term
| what is the only treatment for adenomyosis? |
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Definition
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