Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most important question to ask a female when getting medical history? |
|
Definition
| when was your last menstrual period |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common cause of amenorrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the tanner stages of development for breasts? |
|
Definition
stage I: elevation of papilla only
stage II: breast bud. elevation of breast and papilla
stage III: further enlargement of breast and areola without separation of their contours
stage IV: areola and papilla form secondary mound above level of breast
stage V: projection of papilla only. areola is part of breast contour |
|
|
Term
| what are the tanner stages of pubis? |
|
Definition
stage I: none
stage II: few darker hairs along labia
stage III: curly pigmented hairs across pubes
stage IV: small adult configuration
stage V: adult configuration with spread to inner thighs |
|
|
Term
| what should you do if you see polyps on the cervix? |
|
Definition
| US for polyps on uterus then polypectomy |
|
|
Term
| what is a common cause of cervical eversion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what ligaments should you palpate during bimanual exam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what organ(S) should you palpate for during bimanual that should not be palpable in a healthy patient? what does it mean if they are palpable? |
|
Definition
adnexa = ovaries and fallopian tubes (aka salpinges (salpinx), oviducts).
palpable could be cysts or cancer |
|
|
Term
| how do you examine the urethra and bladder during bimanual exam? |
|
Definition
look at urethra bladder neck
push down on posterior vaginal wall and have patient valsalva
push down on anterior vaginal wall and have patient valsalva
did pt leak urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs when the tough fibrous wall between the bladder and vagina the pubocervical fascia- is torn or weakened as a result of trauma (childbirth, obstetric injury, surgery).
manifested by descent or prolapse of the bladder (or urethra(urethrocele).
SSX: asymptomatic, pelvic pressuer or heaviness, stress incontinence, frequency, hesitancy, incomplete voiding, or recurrent infections.
descent of anterior vaginal wall during straining (downward mvmnt and forward rotation of vag wall twd introitus)
POSITIVE RESULT ON Q-TIP TEST |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small intestine into vagina.
loss of support for the apex of the vagina through rupture or attenuation of the pubovesicocervical fascia, manifested by descent or prolapse of the vaginal wall and underlying peritoneum, most commonly after abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. may occur when the uterus is present and tissue damage or weakness allows herniation behind the cervix and between the uterosacral ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| failure of the normal support mechanisms between the rectum and the vagina results in herniation of the posterior vaginal wall and underlying rectum into the vaginal canal and eventually to and through the introitus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
classifying system of how to read pap smear results
I - normal
II - infection (id infection)
IIR - ASCUS = squamous or HPV atypia; must exclude LSIL and HSIL. also may include ASCH
III - LSIL
IV - HSIL
V - SCC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transformation zone on cervix. d
develops during puberty
cells grow from bottom up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
causes koilocytotic atypia
cells look like little bubbles
accounts for 90% cervical cancer
over 200 types
16,18, 32 - most likely ca will develop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
treatment: repeat pap q 1 year
colposcopy if two or more ASCUS reports |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
atypical squamous cells
cannot rule out HSIL (hi grade squamous intraepithelial lesion)
bethesda classification system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low grade intraepithelial lesion
usu doesn't progress to cancer
usu indicates mild dysplasia - usu caused by HPV
usu indicates CIN 1 -
treatment: immediate colposcopy with biopsy. then ablate or excise if biopsy shows HSIL.
spontaneous regression rate is 60-80% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
high grade intraepithelial lesion
indicates moderate to severe neoplasm or carcinoma in situ
may lead to cancer if not treated appropriately (20%)
usu immediate colposcopy with biopsy is done to remove and sample dysplastic tissue. the tissue is sent for pathology testing to assign a histologic classification that is more definitive than a pap. HGSIL usu corresponds to the histological classification of CIN 2 or 3.
usu treated by LEEP procedure which removes or destroys the cells - it is 85% effective. other treatment procedures include cryotherapy, cautery or laser ablation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cervical epithelial neoplasia
potentially premalignant transformation and abnormal growth (dysplasia) of squamous cells on the surface of the cervix.
most is destroyed by immune system but left untreated some will progress to cervical SCC
CIN 1 dysplasia is confined to the basal 1/3 of the epithelium
CIN 2 moderate - confined to the basal 2/3
CIN 3 severe - spans more than 2/3 and may involve full thickness. aka cervical carcinoma in situ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
atypical glands of undetermined significance
comes down to pathology, can be cancer but often is not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adenoma in situ
accounts for 15% cervical cancer
(not prevented by pap) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
loop electro-excisional procedure
done on HSIL
aka LLETZ
can be done in office setting. requires only local anesthetic.
electrical wire simultaneously cuts and cauterizes the lesion to at least 4-5 mm below.
sequela = infection, bleeding, stenosis, premature labor due to cervcal incompetence - but does not affect fertility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diagnostic procedure to examine an illuminated, magnified view of the cervix and the tissues of the vagina and vulva. allows colposcopist to visually distinguish normal from abnormal appearing tissue and take biopsy for further pathological interpretation.
done on LSIL.
use ascetic acid to dye abnormal cells
acetowhite epithelium = cells that turn white after application of acetic acid
leukoplakia
punctation - dialated capillaries terminating on the surface, which appear as a collection of little red dots. they indicate abnormal epithelium; leads to mosaicism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use scaple to remove cone shaped piece of cervix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
freeze cervix (-60 to -80ยบ)
treat squamous cell epithelial lesions - slough off |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
terminal capillaries surrounding roughly circular or polygonal shaped blocks of acetowhite epithelium crowded together.
tend to be a/w higher grade lesions and CIN 2
atypical vascular pattern characteristic of invasive cervical carcinoma
looped blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| how do you treat SIL in pregnancy? |
|
Definition
frequent monitoring with appropriate biopsy
excision only if microinvasion bc definitely will lead to cancer of the cervix. |
|
|
Term
| what 2 cycles are involved in the menstrual cycle? and what are the phases that make them up? |
|
Definition
the ovarian:
which include follicular phase & luteal phase
uterine cycle:
Which includes the proliferative phase and the secretory phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hormonal feedback promotes the development of a single dominant mature follicle and secondary oocyte.
average length ranges from 10-14 days. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
time from ovulation to first day of period.
about 14 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deepest region of endometrium. does not undergo monthly proliferation. it is the source of endometrial regeneration after each menses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the superficial two thirds of the endometrium, shed with each cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characterized by progressive mitotic growth of the decidua functionalis. the originally straight narrow and short endometrial glands evolve into longer tortuous structures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| named for the presence of eosinophilic protein rich secretory products in the glandular lumen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characterized by a breakdown and shedding of the decidua functionalis. |
|
|
