Term
| "morning sickness" typically occurs during what weeks? |
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Definition
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Term
| at 10 weeks gestation, what level is the beta-hCG? |
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Definition
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Term
| during what trimester does the hcg decrease? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the b-hcg level in the third trimester? |
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Definition
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Term
| ultrasound can visualize the gestational sac when? |
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Definition
at 5 wks or at b-hcg of 1500-2000 mIU/mL |
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Term
| ultrasound can visualize the fetal heart when? |
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Definition
at 6 wks or b-hcg of 5000-6000 mIU/mL |
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Term
| what term is used to describe from fertilization until 8 wks? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| infant born prior to 24 wks |
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Definition
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Term
| infant born from 24 - 37 wks |
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Definition
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Term
post-term defines a pregnancy carried beyond |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the number of times a woman has been pregnant |
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Term
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Definition
-number of pregnancies that led to a birth at or beyond 20 wks or infant >500 g |
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Term
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Definition
a woman who has given birth to one set of preterm twins one term infant 2 miscarriages |
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Term
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Definition
| oftening of the uterus after 6 wks |
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Term
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Definition
| bluish discoloratino of the vagina and cervix |
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Term
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Definition
| softening and cyanosis of the cervix at or after 4 wks |
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Term
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Definition
chadwick's sign goodell's sign ladin sign breast swelling, tenderness development of the linea nigra from umbilicus to pubis telangiectasias palmar erythema
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Term
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Definition
amenorrhea NV breast pain quickening (fetal movement) |
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Term
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Definition
| age in weeks and days measured from the LMP |
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Term
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Definition
number of weeks/days since fertilization.... fertilization usually occurs 14 days after first day of the prior period, so th GA is 2 more wks than the DA |
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Term
| Nagele rule for calculating estimated date of confnement |
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Definition
| subtract 3 mos from the LMP and add 7 days |
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Term
T/F Ultrasound has a level of uncertainty that decreases during pregnancy. |
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Definition
FALSE. U/S has a level of uncertainty that INCREASES during pregnancy. |
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Term
T/F An U/S should not differ from LMP dating by more than 1 week in the first trimester, 2 wks in the 2nd trimester, and 3 wks in the 3rd trimester |
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Definition
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Term
Cardiac Output _____ by 30% with the maximum CO being reached during ____ wks gestation |
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Definition
| CO increases by 30%; CO reaches itsmax between 20-24 wks |
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Term
| Systemic Vascular Resistances ________ during pregnancy, resulting in a ____ in arterial blood pressure. |
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Definition
SVR decreases during pregnancy, resulting in a fall in arterial blood pressure. |
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Term
| What is most likely responsible for the decrease in systemic vascular resistance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of BP decrease should be expected during pregnancy and when? |
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Definition
5-10 mmHg decrease in systolic 10-15 mmHg decreased in diastolic -nadirs at wk 24 |
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Term
| There is an ___________ of 30-40% of tidal volume during pregnancy. |
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Definition
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Term
| total lung capacity is ______ by 5% during pregnancy |
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Definition
| Decreased - d/t elevation of the diaphragm |
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Term
| Nausea and vomiting occur in > _______ of pregnancies |
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Definition
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Term
| morning sickness has been attributed to: |
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Definition
elevation of estrogen, progesterone, and hcg |
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Term
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Definition
prolonged gastric emptying time & decreased esophageal sphincter tone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what happens to the renal system during pregnancy? |
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Definition
kidneys increase in size ureters dilate (may lead to increased rates of pyelonephritis) |
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Term
| plasma volume is increased by how much during pregnancy? |
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Definition
| plasma volume increases by 50% and the red cell volume increases by 20-30% (leading to decreased hematocrit) |
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Term
T/F During labor, stress may cause the WBC count to rise to over 20 million. |
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Definition
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Term
pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state; there are elevations in the levels of ____ |
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Definition
| fibrinogen and factors VII-X |
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Term
T/F Pregnancy is a hyperestrogenic state |
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Definition
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Term
| the increase estrogen in pregnancy is produced primarily by |
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Definition
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Term
| what correlates well with maternal serum estrogen levels? |
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Definition
| fetal well-being - low estrogen levels being associated with conditions like fetal death and anencephaly |
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Term
| what is produced by th placeta and is important for ensuring a constant nutrient supply to the fetus? |
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Definition
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Term
| progesterone precursors are derived from _______ cholesterol |
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Definition
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Term
| progesterone is produced by the __________ in early pregnancy after which time biosynthesis occurs primarily in the _________. |
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Definition
**corpus luteum **placenta |
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Term
| progesterone causes __________ of ______ _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| high estrogen levels cause an increase in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| placental hormones such as hCG may also have thyroid-stimulating properties that lead to an elevation of _______ and a suppression of _____. |
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Definition
elevation in total T3, T4 suppression of TSH |
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Term
| what changes occur in pregnancy as result of increased estrogen levels? |
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Definition
| spider angiomata and palmar erythema |
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Term
| what changes occur in pregnancy secondary to increased levels of alpha-melanocyt-stimulating hormone? |
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Definition
| hyperpigmentation of the nipples, umbilicus, lines nigra, perineum, and face (melasma or chloasma) |
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Term
| how much should thin women gain during pregnancy? |
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Definition
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Term
| how much weight should obese women gain during pregnancy? |
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Definition
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Term
| what routine tests should be done during the first trimester? |
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Definition
hematocrit blood type and screen RPR Ruubella antibody Hep B surface ant GC culture PPD Pap UA/Culture VZV titer if no exposure HIV offered NT and serum screen offered |
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Term
| what routine tests should be given in the second trimester |
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Definition
MSAFP/triple screen ultrasound amniocentesis is AMA pts |
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Term
| what tests should be offered in the third trimester? |
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Definition
hematocrit RPR GLT repeat GC chest x-ray if PPD + group B strep culture |
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Term
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Definition
1. alpha feta protein 2. b-hCG 3. estriol |
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Term
| large weight gains toward the end of pregnancy can be a sign of ___________ |
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Definition
| fluid retention --> preeclampsia |
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Term
| vaginal bleeding is a sign of ________ in the first trimester |
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Definition
| possible miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy |
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Term
| vaginal bleeding is a sign of possible ______________ as the pregnancy advances. |
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Definition
| placental abruption or previa |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| "quickening" is felt in the ________ trimester |
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Definition
| second - usually b/t 165-20 wks |
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Term
| the rate of spontaneous abortions decreases after _____ wks gestation. |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the frequency of prenatal visits? |
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Definition
1/month up to 28 wks 2/month up to 36 4/month up to delivery |
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Term
| pts who are Rh _______ should receive RhoGAM at ___ wks. |
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Definition
| Rh NEGATIVE should receive RHOGAM at 28 wks |
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Term
| in what trimester are the glucose loading and tolerance tests administered? |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Laxatives are usually avoided in the third trimester b/c of the risk of possible preterm labor. |
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Definition
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Term
| what can cause increased contractions? |
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Definition
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Term
| severe edema of the ___________ may be indicative of preeclampsia |
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Definition
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Term
| late in the 2nd trimester or early in the 3rd, there may be some pain in the adnexa or lower abdomen. this is probably: |
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Definition
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Term
| biophysical profiles look at: |
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Definition
1. amniotic fluid volume 2.fetal tone 3. fetal activity 4. fetal breathing movements 5. nonstress test |
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Term
| levator ani consists of 3 parts. what are they? |
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Definition
1. puborectalis 2. pubococcygeus 3. iliococcygeus |
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Term
| what muscle is most commonly injured in childborth? |
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Definition
| pubococcygeus -- it is important bc it encircles and supports the uretr, vagina, and anal canal |
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Term
| the ovarian artery comes off of? |
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Definition
abdominal aorta - it is contained in the suspensory ligament of the ovary |
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Term
| the uterine artery comes off of? |
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Definition
| anterior division of the internal iliac artery, off the common iliac, off the abd aorta |
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Term
| the uterine artery is found in the: |
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Definition
anteromedial base of broad ligament/superior cardinal ligament |
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Term
| the ureter passes immediately _______ to the uterne artery near the lateral part of the fornix of the vagina |
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Definition
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Term
| be careful not to clamp, ligate or transect the _______ during a hysterectomy bc it is at risk when the uterine artery is ligated and severed |
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Definition
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Term
| the vaginal artery comes off of the |
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Definition
| uterine artery, which comes off of the anterior branch of the internal iliac, off the common iliacs, off the abd aorta |
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Term
| the broad ligament of the uterus is made up of: |
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Definition
| mesovarium, masosalpinx, mesometrium |
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Term
| innervation to the inferior 1/5 of vagina is from? |
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Definition
| the deep perineal nerv, a branch of the pudendal nerve (Contains no parasympathetic fibers) |
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Term
| pudendal nerve block provides a peripheral nerve block over which dermatomes? |
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Definition
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