Term
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Definition
| most frequently reported STI, most commonly affected are sexually active women younger than 20, silent and highly destructive, symptoms vague, acute salpingitis or PID most serious complications. |
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Term
| PID - pelvic inflammatory disease |
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Definition
| results from ascending spread of microorganisms from vagina and endocervix to upper genital tract; caused by multiple organisms; most commonly involves uterine tubes (salpingitis) and uterus (endometriosis) |
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Term
| What are risk factors for PID? |
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Definition
| similar to STIs - young age, multiple partners, high rate of new partners, history of STIs |
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Term
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Definition
| pain is main symptom; also reported are fever, chills, nausea and vomiting, increased vaginal discharge, symptoms of UTI, and irregular bleeding. |
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Term
| What is the primary and most important intervention for PID? |
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Definition
| Counseling - education in avoiding contracting STIs. |
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Term
| What is secondary prevention for PID? |
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Definition
| Preventing a lower genital tract infection from ascending to the upper genital tract; instructing women in self-protective behaviors such as practices to avoid contracting STIs and using barrier methods. |
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Term
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Definition
| Depends on infecting organism but usually broad spectrum antibiotics either by mouth or parenteral. Pregnant women need to be hospitalized and given parenteral antibiotics |
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Term
| Nursing interventions for acute PID |
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Definition
| Bedrest in a semi-fowlers position, limit pelvic exams, and comfort measures including analgesics for pain |
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Term
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Definition
| Acquired primarily thru fecal-oral route by ingestion of contaminated food or via person to person contact; vaccine prevention |
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Term
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Definition
| flu-like symptoms with malaise, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, pruritus, fever, RLQ pain |
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Term
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Definition
| An STI, most threatening to fetus and neonate; caused by a large DNA virus and is associated with 3 antigens and their antibodies; found in blood, saliva, sweat, tears, vaginal secretions, and semen; vaccine for prevention; healthcare workers exposed to blood in the workplace are at risk. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mild abdominal pain, fever, headache, vomiting, nausea, anorexia, lassitude, arthritis, arthralgias |
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Term
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Definition
| approximately the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the US and is responsible for nearly 50% of the cases of chronic viral hepatitis |
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Term
| What is the most common risk factor for a pregnant woman to contract Hepatitis C |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
There is no vaccine prevention for Hepatitis C |
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Definition
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Term
| What population of pregnant women should be offered HIV counseling and testing? |
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Definition
| All women as part of routine prenatal testing; CDC also recommends retesting in the 3rd trimester for women known to be at high risk and rapid testing in labor for women with unknown HIV status. |
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Term
| What is the treatment of an HIV-infected woman during pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Treatment is a combination of antiretroviral therapy(HAART) during pregnancy. |
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Term
| What type of birth is recommended for a HIV-infected woman? Breastfeeding? |
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Definition
| Cesarean birth and breastfeeding is not recommended. |
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Term
| What should be avoided if a vaginal birth is occurring with a HIV-infected woman? |
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Definition
| Use of fetal scalp electrode, scalp pH sampling, forceps, and vacuum extraction. |
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Term
| What is Group B Streptococcus? |
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Definition
| A normal vaginal flora in a woman who isn't pregnant and present in 9-23% of pregnant woman; GBS infection is associated with poor pregnancy outcome. |
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Term
| What are risk factors for neonatal GBS infection? |
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Definition
| Positive prenatal culture for GBS in current pregnancy; preterm birth of less than 37 weeks gestation; premature rupture of membranes for longer than 18 hours; intrapartum maternal fever higher than 100.4; positive history for early-onset neonatal GBS. |
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Term
| What is the recommendation to decrease risk of neonatal GBS infection? |
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Definition
| Screening at 35-37 weeks of gestation and if test is positive then IV antibiotics for prophylaxis during labor. |
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Term
| Fibrocystic changes of breasts |
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Definition
| most common benign breast problem, characterized by lumpiness, with or without tenderness, in both breasts. |
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Term
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Definition
| single most common type of tumor seen in the adolescent population, although it can occur in women in their 30's; discrete, usually solitary lumps averaging 2.5 cm in diameter; doesn't increase in size during the menstrual cycle. |
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Term
| Non modifiable risk factors for breast cancer: |
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Definition
| Increased age, previous history or family history, inherited genetic mutations, high breast tissue density, early menarche (<12), late menopause (>55), race (Caucasian) |
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Term
| Lifestyle and modifiable risk factors of breast cancer: |
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Definition
| Nulliparity or 1st pregnancy after 30, not breastfeeding, obesity after menopause, alcohol consumption more than 1 drink/day, sedentary lifestyle, low Vitamin D levels, postmenopausal use of combined estrogen-progestin replacement |
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Term
| What is the basic test for male infertility? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Test of man's semen thru masturbation after 2-7 days of abstinence; measures semen volume, pH, sperm density, sperm count, motility, normal morphologic features, and liquidification |
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Term
| What factors influence sperm count/semen analysis? How many semen analyses need to be done? |
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Definition
| Sperm counts vary from day to day and depend on emotional and physical status and sexual activity. A single analysis may be inconclusive and a minimum of 2 analyses must be performed several weeks apart to assess male fertility. |
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Term
| What hormones are tested for male infertility? |
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Definition
| Testosterone, gonadotropin, FSH, and luteinizing hormone (LH). |
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Term
| What is the sperm penetration assay? |
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Definition
| Test given after 2 days but less than 1 week of abstinence that evaluates the ability of sperm to penetrate egg. |
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Term
| What ultrasounds are used for testing male infertility? |
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Definition
| Scrotal ultrasound to examine the testes for presence of varicoceles and identify abnormalities in the scrotum and spermatic cord; transrectal ultrasound to evaluate ejaculatory ducts, seminal vesicles, and vas deferens. |
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Term
| S/S of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) and contraceptive it can occur with, how to lower chances |
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Definition
| TSS can occur with use of a diaphragm or cervical cap use, risk can be reduced by removing promptly after intercourse, within 6-8 hours, not using them during menses, and knowing signs of TSS; signs are sunburn type rash, diarrhea, dizziness, faintness, weakness, sore throat, aching muscles and joints, sudden high fever, and vomiting. |
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