Term
| the growing demand for home health care is based on what factors? (4) |
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Definition
1. interest in family birthing alternatives
2. shortened hospital stays
3. new technologies that facilitate home-based assessments and treatments
4. reimbursement by third-party payers |
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Term
| what are the barriers to prenatal care? What is the greatest? |
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Definition
in ability to pay (greatest barrier)
lack of transportation
dependent child care
lack of providers for medicaid pts |
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Term
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Definition
| male and female partners and their children live as an independent unit, sharing roles, responsibilities, and economic resources |
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Term
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Definition
| an alternate form of the traditional nuclear family arrangement that results from divorce. Children of remarried parents then become members of both the maternal and paternal nuclear households. |
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Term
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Definition
| (or blended families) consist of unrelated family members (stepparents, stepchildren, & stepsiblings) who join together to create a new household. |
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Term
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Definition
| other relatives living in the same household such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, or other people related by blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| unmarried biologic or adoptive parent who may or may not be living with other adults |
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Term
| homosexual (lesbian and gay) families |
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Definition
| may live together with or without children. Children in this households may be the offspring from a previous heterosexual union, conceived by one member of a lesbian couple through therapeutic insemination, or adopted. |
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Term
| United States infant mortality |
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Definition
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Term
| United States maternal mortality |
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Definition
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Term
| Safe Practices for Better Health Care |
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Definition
1. Create and sustain a health care culture of safety
2. Ask each pt or legal surrogate to “teach back” in his or her own words key information about the proposed treatments or procedures for which he or she is being asked to provide informed consent
3. Ensure that care info is transmitted and appropriately documented in a timely manner and in a clearly understandable form to pts and to all of the pt’s health care providers or professionals, within and among care settings, who need that info in order to provide continued care
4. Standardize methods for the labeling and packaging of medications
5. comply with current CDC hand hygiene guidelines |
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Term
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Definition
| Described as an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof |
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Term
| bacterial infections cause what types of problems in newborns compared to viral infections |
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Definition
| viruses can cause birth defects and bacteria can cause pre-term birth and sepsis |
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Term
| high risk sexual behaviors |
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Definition
•Multiple sex partners
•Casual sex partners
•Unsafe sexual practices
•Abuse of alcohol and drugs (impaired judgment and thoughtless acts) |
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Term
|
Definition
B-benefits: advantages and success rates
R-risks: disadvantages and failure rates
A- alternatives: other available methods
I- inquiries: opportunity to ask questions
D- decisions:; opportunity to decide or change mind
E- explanations: info about method and how its used
D- documentation: info given and pt's understanding |
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Term
| how does estrogen-progestin prevent pregnancy? |
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Definition
•Suppresses the action of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary that inhibits production of FSH and LG; therefore follicles do not mature, suppressing ovulation
•Alter maturation of the endometrium making it less favorable site for implantation |
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Term
| how does progesterone prevent pregnancy? |
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Definition
| •Cervical mucus under the effect of progesterone does not provide as suitable an environment for sperm penetration as does the thin, watery mucus at ovulation |
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Term
| How to used Nagele's rule |
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Definition
•Determine the first day of the LMP
•Subtract 3 calendar months
•Add 7 days
•Count forward 9 months |
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Term
| what does a urine pregnancy test measure? |
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Definition
| •Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the earliest biochemical marker for pregnancy. |
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Term
| When can a urine pregnancy test be done? |
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Definition
| •hCG can be detected as early as 7-10 days after conception |
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Term
| what instructions would you give a woman taking a urine pregnancy test? |
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Definition
•most urine tests require a first-voided morning urine specimen bc it contains levels of hCG approximately the same as those in serum
•the woman usually applies urine to a strip of absorbent tipped applicator and reads the results |
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Term
|
Definition
| mask of pregnancy (pigmentation increases on the face) |
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Term
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Definition
| dark line of pigmentation from the umbilicus extending to the pubic area |
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Term
| what is Striae gravidarum |
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Definition
| stretch marks most notably found on the abdomen and thighs (permanent physical change) |
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Term
| What questions might a provider as to screen for intimate partner violence? |
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Definition
•Have you ever been emotionally or physically abused by your partner or someone important to you?
•Within the last year, have you been hit, slapped, kicked, or otherwise physically hurt by someone?
-If yes by whom?, Number of times?, Mark the area of injury on body map
•Within the last year, has anyone forced you to have sexual activities?
-If yes, by whom?, Number of times?
•Are you afraid of your partner or anyone you listed above? |
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Term
| preterm labor occurs between ___weeks and ___ weeks |
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Definition
| preterm labor is any labor that occurs between 20 weeks and 37 weeks of pregnancy |
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Term
| Symptoms of preterm labor |
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Definition
-Contractions (your abdomen tightens like a fist) every 10 minutes or more often
-Change in vaginal discharge (leaking fluid or bleeding from your vagina)
-Pelvic pressure—the feeling that your baby is pushing down
-Low, dull backache
-Cramps that feel like your period
-Abdominal cramps with or without diarrhea |
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Term
| recommended weight gain during pregnancy (total) |
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Definition
| usually 11.2-15.9kg (25-35lbs) |
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Term
| weight gain per trimester/week for a normal weighing woman |
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Definition
| 1-2.5kg in 1st trimester then 0.4kg per week in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters |
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Term
| weight gain per trimester/week for an overweight woman |
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Definition
| 1-2.5kg in 1st trimester then 0.3kg per week in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters |
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Term
| weight gain per trimester/week for an underweight woman |
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Definition
| 1-2.5kg in the 1st trimester then 0.5kg per week in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters |
|
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Term
| how many calories are needed per day during the 2nd trimester |
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Definition
| •An increase of 340 calories/day is recommended during the 2nd trimester |
|
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Term
| how many calories are needed per day during the 3rd trimester |
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Definition
| •An increase of 452 calories/day in the 3rd trimester |
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Term
| what supplement is universally recommended and why? |
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Definition
| •Folic acid to prevent neural tube defects |
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Term
| what interventions help with nausea? |
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Definition
•Tell client to eat dry crackers or toast.
•Avoid alcohol, caffeine, fats, & spices
•Avoid drinking fluid with meals
•DO NOT take a medication to control nausea without asking your physician first |
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Term
| What vaccinations can be given in pregnancy? |
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Definition
•vaccines consisting of killed viruses may be used.
•Vaccines can be administered during pregnancy include tetanus, diphtheria, recombinant hepatitis B, and influenza (inactivated) |
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Term
| what is an amniocentesis? |
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Definition
| the aspiration of amniotic fluid for analysis by insertion of a needle transabdominally into a client’s uterus and amniotic sac under direct ultrasound guidance locating the placenta and determining the position of the fetus. |
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Term
| when can an amniocentesis be performed? |
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Definition
| after 14 weeks of gestation |
|
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Term
| advantages of an amniocentesis |
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Definition
| can assess neural tube defects (anencephaly, spina bifida, amphalocele) and chromosomal defects (down syndrome). |
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Term
| what is a biophysical profile (BPP) |
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Definition
| test to asses the fetal well-being by measuring five variables with a score of 2 for each normal finding for each variable |
|
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Term
| what are the 5 variables measured in a BPP? |
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Definition
1. Reactive FHR (reactive nonstress test)
2. fetal breathing movements
3. gross body movements
4. fetal tone
5. amniotic fluid volume |
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Term
| BPP interpretation of findings |
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Definition
8-10 normal
6 is equivocal
<4 is abnormal |
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Term
| reasons for performing a BPP |
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Definition
oNonreactive stress test
oSuspected ligohydramnios or polyhydramnios
oSuspected fetal hypoxemia and/or hypoxia |
|
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Term
| what is a nonstress test? |
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Definition
| Most widely used technique for antepartum evaluation of fetal well-being performed during the 3rd trimester. Noninvasive procedure that monitors response of the FHR to fetal movement. |
|
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Term
| reasons to give a nonstress test |
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Definition
-Assessing for an intact fetal CNS during the 3rd trimester
-Ruling out risk for fetal death in clients who have diabetes mellitus. Used twice a week or until after 28 weeks gestation |
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Term
| Nonstress test (NST) interpretation of findings |
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Definition
| The NST is interpreted as reactive if the FHR is a normal baseline rate with moderate variability, accelerates to 15 beats/min for at least 15 sec and occurs two or more times during a 20 min period. |
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Term
|
Definition
| High rate of false nonreactive results with fetal movement response blunted by sleep cycles of the fetus, fetal immaturity, maternal medications, and chronic smoking |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure lasting approximately 20 min that consists of high-frequency sound waves used to visualize internal organsand tissues by producing a real time 3D pictorial image of the developingfetus and maternal structures. |
|
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Term
| what are the different types of ultrasounds |
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Definition
external abdominal ultrasound
internal transvaginal ultrasound
doppler ultrasound blood flow analysis |
|
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Term
| what is an external abdominal ultrasound |
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Definition
| a noninvasive, painless, and safe procedure. An abdominal ultrasound is more useful after the 1st trimester when the gravid uterus is larger. The ultrasound transducer is moved over a client’s abdomen to obtain an image |
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Term
| what is an internal transvaginal ultrasound |
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Definition
| an invasive procedure in which a probe is inserted vaginally and allows for a more accurate evaluation. An advantage of this procedure is that is does not require a full bladder |
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Term
| what kind of pt is an internal transvaginal ultrasound especially useful for? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a doppler ultrasound blood flow analysis |
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Definition
| an external ultrasound method of noninvasively studying the maternal-fetal blood flow by measuring the velocity at which RBCs are traveling in the uterine and fetal vessels using a handheld ultrasound device that reflects sound waves from a moving target. |
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Term
| contraction stress test (CST) |
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Definition
| Nipple stimulated CST consists of a woman lightly brushing her palm across her nipple for 2 or 3 min, which causes the pituitary gland to release endogenous oxytocin, and then stopping the nipple stimulation when a contraction begins. The same process is repeated after a 5 min rest period. |
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Term
| what if the nipple stimulation does not produce contractions? |
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Definition
| oxytocin (pitocin) is administered via IV to induce uterine contractions. |
|
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Term
| Disadvantages of pitocin being administered |
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Definition
| contractions started with pitocin can be difficult to stop and can lead to preterm labor |
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Term
|
Definition
| high risk pregnancies (gestational diabetes mellitus, postterm pregnancy), nonreactive stress test |
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Term
| a negative CST would be indicated if.. |
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Definition
| if within a 10 min period with three uterine contractions, there are no late decelerations of the FHR |
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Term
| who gets rhogam and when do they get it? |
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Definition
| •Mothers who are Rh negative get the Rhogam around 28 weeks of gestation as an IM shot |
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Term
| 1 year old reaction to mom's pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| 3-4 year old child's reaction/involvement to mom's pregnancy |
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Definition
| children like to hear the story of their own beginning and to hear how their development compares with that of the present pregnancy. They like to listen to the fetal heart beat and feel them move. |
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Term
| school age child's reaction/involvement to mom's pregnancy |
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Definition
| more clinical interest and may want to know in more detail how the baby got there and how will it get out |
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Term
| early-middle adolescent child's reaction/involvement to mom's pregnancy |
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Definition
| preoccupied with the establishment of their own sexual identity and may have difficulty accepting the overwhelming evidence of the sexual activity of their parents |
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Term
| later adolescent's reaction/involvement to mom's pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| some men experience pregnancy-like symptoms such as nausea, weight gain, and other physical symptoms |
|
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Term
| what are the three developmental tasks does a father goes through who has just found out his wife is pregnant |
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Definition
| announcement phase, moratorium phase, focusing phase |
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Term
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Definition
| may last from a few hours to a few weeks. The task is to accept the biologic fact of pregnancy. If pregnancy is unplanned some men find it hard to accept, may have affairs, or beat their wives. |
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Term
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Definition
| period when he adjusts to the reality of pregnancy. Become more introspective and engage in discussions about philosophy of life, religion, childbearing, relationships with family, especially with their fathers. |
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Term
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Definition
| begins in the last trimester and is characterized by the fathers active role in both the pregnancy and his relationship with his child. In this phase he begins to think of himself as a father. |
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Term
|
Definition
-Serious medical concern that affects quality of life and is a problem for 10-15% of reproductive age couples.
-The term infertility implies subfertility, a prolonged time to conceive, as opposed to sterility which means the inability to conceive. |
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