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| What are the 4 Stages of Early Development? |
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Definition
- Cleavage: mitotic
- Implantation: embryo blastulation
- Gastrulation: ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm
- Neurulation: nervous system
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| What are the Germ Layers? |
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Definition
Ectoderm- nervous, skin, eyes, inner ear
Endoderm- liver, lungs, digestive, pancreas
Mesoderm - mucular, skeleton, circulatory, gonads, kidney |
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| breaks down carbs into disaccharides (salivary or pancreas) |
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| contact with stomach wall |
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| breaks down maltose into glucose |
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| secreted by small intestine; pancreas to secrete juice (bicarb buffers chyme) |
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| breaks down proteins into amino acids |
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| Define Epinephrine/Norepinephrine: |
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Definition
| increase blood glucose level & heart rate |
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| hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds & converts chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin |
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| hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds |
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Definition
G1
S
G2
M
mitosis = PMAT
meiosis = PMAT x 2 |
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one opening in digestive tract that is mouth & anus; radically symmetrical
EX: hydrid; jellyfish |
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Definition
no defined tissues or organs
EX: sponges |
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Definition
one-celled organism
EX: paramecia & amoebae |
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segmented invertebrates with true body & two digestive openings
EX: earthworms |
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primitive predecessor to vertebrates
EX: starfish or sea cucumbers |
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| Describe a spontaneous situation: |
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Definition
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| Describe a nonspontaneous situation: |
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Definition
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| spontaneous only at high temperatures |
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| spontaneous only at low temperatures |
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| Define the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: |
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Definition
If two systems are both in thermal equilibrium with a third system then they are in thermal equilibrium
(defines notion of temperature) |
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| Define the First Law of Thermodynamics: |
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Definition
| Heat & work are forms of energy transfer; can be changed into different forms but not created nor destroyed |
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Term
| Define the Second Law of Thermodynamics: |
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Definition
If not already at thermodynamic equilibrium; spontaneously evolves toward it
If no energy enters/leaves then the potential energy of the state is less than the inital state
(ENTROPY) |
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| Define the Third Law of Thermodynamics: |
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Definition
| Entropy of system approaches constant value as temperature approaches zero |
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| Define Newton's First Law of Motion: |
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Definition
| Every object in a state of uniform motion remains so unless an external force is applied |
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| Define Newton's Second Law of Motion: |
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Definition
Direction of applied force vector (F) is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector
F = ma |
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| Define Newton's Third Law of Motion: |
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Definition
For every action there is an equal & opposite reaction
F2 = - F1 |
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| Average Velocity Equation: |
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Definition
V = Δx/Δt or d/Δt
where d = displacement |
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| Average Acceleration Equation: |
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| Describe the periodic trend of atomic radius: |
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Definition
| atomic radius increases as you move down the table and to the left |
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| Describe the periodic trend of electron affinity and ionization energy |
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Definition
| both increase as you move up the table and yo the right |
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| Describe the rate determining step: |
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| slowest of the mechanism; rate law determined by coefficients |
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| What is the relationship b/n Ksp & solubility? |
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Definition
| the lower the Ksp the lower the solubility |
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| Define Enthalpy of Vaporization: |
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Definition
| heat energy required per mole to change from liquid to gas |
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Term
| What happens during anaphase? |
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Definition
| sister chromatids separate |
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| What happens during the s phase? |
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Definition
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| What happens during telophase? |
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Definition
| cytokinesis & reformation of the nucleus |
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| What happens during prophase? |
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Definition
| spindle creation & dissolution of nuclear membrane |
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| What happens during metaphase? |
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Definition
| alignment replicated chromosomes at center |
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| What are the factors that increase resistivity? |
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Definition
1. reducing cross-sectional area
2. adding voltmeter to wire
3. doubling wire length in closed circuit |
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| Define de Broglie wavelength: |
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| seeds not enclosed; ie. conifers (pine trees) |
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| flowering plants; closed seeds |
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measure of resistance to deform (i.e. thickness)
EX: honey is a more liquid consistency at higher temperatures |
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Term
| Describe an elastic collision: |
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Definition
conserves momentum & kinetic energy
one moving object at certain velocity strikes object at rest, transferring ALL kinetic energy |
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Term
| Describe an inelastic collision: |
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Definition
conserves momentum; NOT kinetic energy
objects move toward one another, KE converted to other forms like heat, etc. |
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Term
Describe a perfectly inelastic collision:
***OAT FAVORITE*** |
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Definition
momentum conserved, most of KE lost
objects stick together after collision
after collision, one object with 2 masses and 1 velocity |
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Term
| Define the characteristics of a convex mirror: |
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Definition
| focal length is negative; can ONLY create virtual images |
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| Define the characteristics of a concave mirror: |
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Definition
| focal length is positive; creates both real & virtual images |
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Term
| Describe the Image Distance from a Mirror (i): |
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Definition
+i = real image (in front of mirror)
-i = virtual image (behind mirror) |
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Term
| Describe the Magnification of a Mirror (m): |
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Definition
+m = image upright
(corresponds with virtual image)
-m = image inverted
(corresponds with real image) |
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Term
| Describe a Converging Lens: |
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Definition
thicker in middle, refracts light rays that are parallel to axis TOWARD focal point on other side of the lens
(convex lens; f is positive) |
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Term
| Describe a Diverging Lens: |
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Definition
thinner in middle, refracts light rays that are parallel to axis AWAY from imaginary focal point in front of lens
(concave lens; f is negative) |
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Term
| Converging Lenses create ___________ images. |
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Definition
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| Diverging Lenses create ____________ images. |
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Definition
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| +i and other side of lens |
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| In a virtual lens image...? |
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Definition
| -i and same side of lens as object |
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Term
| Define incomplete dominance: |
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Definition
| blended version of parental phenotypes |
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Definition
| both alleles expressed, but independently |
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| expression of one gene prevents expression of another |
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| Define classical dominance: |
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Definition
| one allele is expressed and one is silenced |
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| between two different genes on same chromosome |
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| no change in numerical value |
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