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Bosch "The Garden of Earthly Delights" 1515
Bosch: 1450-1516
Left=Heaven; center=World Upside down; right=Hell
Left: God is holding Eve's hand
Center: Many erotic acts; half-human, half-animal; different races having sex with each other
right: hell; objects of fun and pleasure (like the instruments) have become objects of torture
Readings:
Moxley:
Sign vs. Symbol (we don't know what bosch meant when he painted this.. was it ironic?
Bosch is part of humanist movement of Renaissance. Brings the margins to the middle (The grotesque drawings in the margins in books). World upside down, inverted relationships (men are upside down)(birds feed humans and are larger than humans). Humans are captive to their sensual desires. The power of a women's lure on men. Earthly delights is a product of fantasy, and places the artist as the creator, rather than a mirror of the real world. |
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Bosch "Haywain" 1516
Bosch: 1450-1516
Honestly same as garden of eathly delights (pasted below), but no direct readings on it. The snake is a woman though, so a woman is the original sin. The center has both an angel and a devil, and describes choosing between heaven and hell.
Left=Heaven; center=World Upside down; right=Hell
Left: The original sin
Center: Many erotic acts; half-human, half-animal; different races having sex with each other
right: hell; objects of fun and pleasure (like the instruments) have become objects of torture
Readings:
Moxley:
Sign vs. Symbol (we don't know what bosch meant when he painted this.. was it ironic?
Bosch is part of humanist movement of Renaissance. Brings the margins to the middle (The grotesque drawings in the margins in books). World upside down, inverted relationships (men are upside down)(birds feed humans and are larger than humans). Humans are captive to their sensual desires. The power of a women's lure on men. Earthly delights is a product of fantasy, and places the artist as the creator, rather than a mirror of the real world. |
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Greco "the Burial of the Count of Orgaz" 1588
El Greco: 1541-1614
spain sees greco as hero because embodies difference from rest of europe. Came from Greece, trained to paint miniature is venice and rome, then to escorial where he is not successful, so he goes to Toledo.
Tall elongated figures and Manneristic style (anti-classical with acidic colors)
What makes Greco so great is his depictions of the unknown
Reading: Marías, Fernando. "El Greco. Life and Work- A new history"
Bottom is more realistic than top showing separation between heaven and earth. The top is a manneristic style: acidic colors, anti-classical. Townspeople in back are famous Toledans
Brings together Plato and Aristotle: realism and idealism, the eye and the mind (imagination)
Count is clearly dead, highlights the realism of the bottom half.
son of count looking directly at us... painting within a painting
Figures above not well defined (symbolizes the unknown)
Tunnel to heaven is neoplactonistic (?)... Breaking of the glory... the child moving up to heaven is the Count's soul. Can see the light of god vs. the light of the world |
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El Greco "Boy Blowing on Ember"
El Greco: 1541-1614
spain sees greco as hero because embodies difference from rest of europe. Came from Greece, trained to paint miniature is venice and rome, then to escorial where he is not successful, so he goes to Toledo.
Tall elongated figures and Manneristic style (anti-classical with acidic colors)
What makes Greco so great is his depictions of the unseen
Famous because the light comes from the interior.
Painted a later version with a monkey and a "fool" standing next to the boy
Reading: Ames-Lewis "The Intellectual Life of the Early Renaissance Artist"
Is an ekphrasis (painting based on a poetic description of a classical painting or fresco... trying to recreate the art of classical times[though no one is quite sure if these poets were describing real paintings, or paintings in their imagination]).
can use this reading :Reading: Marías, Fernando. "El Greco. Life and Work- A new history" to describe El Greco's style and his history |
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El Greco "Assumption of the Virgin" 1577
El Greco: 1541-1614
spain sees greco as hero because embodies difference from rest of europe. Came from Greece, trained to paint miniature is venice and rome, then to escorial where he is not successful, so he goes to Toledo.
Tall elongated figures and Manneristic style (anti-classical with acidic colors)
What makes Greco so great is his depictions of the unseen
can use this reading :Reading: Marías, Fernando. "El Greco. Life and Work- A new history" to describe El Greco's style and his history
El Greco had designed the whole alter piece. Elongated figures, is meant to be viewed from below. Some things look out of proportion, even for greco's manneristic style, but this is because it is meant to be viewed from below. manneristic in this sense.
Reading: Tomlinson
Part of counter reformation
Reading: Pacheco
Pacheco was the art theorist who wrote the guidelines for the counter-reformation. Can always throw this reading in to say that the painting meets, or doesn't meet those standards |
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El Greco "The Martyrdom of Saint Maurice" 1580
WE SAW THIS IN ESCORIAL
El Greco: 1541-1614
spain sees greco as hero because embodies difference from rest of europe. Came from Greece, trained to paint miniature is venice and rome, then to escorial where he is not successful, so he goes to Toledo.
Tall elongated figures and Manneristic style (anti-classical with acidic colors)
What makes Greco so great is his depictions of the unknown
Painted when El Greco goes to escorial in his attempt to be the court painter for Philip II.
Reading: Marías, Fernando. "El Greco. Life and Work- A new history"
We see the difference in light in the heavens than for earth. Tunnel of light=the breaking of glory.
Church doesn't love the work because St. Maurice isn't the center of the picture, but rather the soldiers are. Additionally, they are painted in a manneristic style: out of proportion with acidic colors which goes against the council of trent. Because of this Greco does not get the court painter's position in escorial under philip ii. |
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El Greco "The Holy Trinity" 1577
El Greco: 1541-1614
spain sees greco as hero because embodies difference from rest of europe. Came from Greece, trained to paint miniature is venice and rome, then to escorial where he is not successful, so he goes to Toledo.
Tall elongated figures and Manneristic style (anti-classical with acidic colors)
What makes Greco so great is his depictions of the unknown
Reading: Marías, Fernando. "El Greco. Life and Work- A new history"
Meant to be viewed from below because was meant to be mounted high as part of an alterpiece. Manneristic in the style of the bodies, but also the woman's leg is very out of proportion, this looks less out of proportion when seen from below.
Jesus sits on the thrown of god. Light comes from inside the canvas because is the light of heaven. below the clouds it is dark. The wound of jesus is important because catholics drink wine as the literal blood of jesus. |
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Ribera "Jacob's Dream" 1639
Ribera: 1591-1652
claimed by the spanish and italians. lived in naples from 1616 to his death but insists on spanish heritage
Reading: Brown
before 1635 had a lot of classical figures, follows Caravaggism--dark backgrounds, realistic styles (dirty feet and hands)--and follows alegorical ideas.
This changes post 1635 when Ribera begins to lighten up his backgrounds and paintings. This coincides with the arrival of the duke of Montarray. Ribera moves his subjects farther back into the paintings and starts to more follow carracci and his bolognese movement.
His head is illuminated
Roman style
Fused naturalism with classicism
Soft colored sky
Vision because the top corner space is left open
Faint outline of angels climbing a ladder to heaven
Plays with ideas of geometry
The trunk and the body make a right angle
There is still darkness, large foreground figure, dirty feet
Doesn’t paint Jacob like other visions at night because he wants to reinforce that it is a vision (he’s not asleep!)
Painting only has a body and a tree trunk
He repeats this over and over because it is successful |
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Ribera "immaculate Conception" 1635 (?)
Ribera: 1591-1652
claimed by the spanish and italians. lived in naples from 1616 to his death but insists on spanish heritage
Reading: Brown
before 1635 had a lot of classical figures, follows Caravaggism--dark backgrounds, realistic styles (dirty feet and hands)--and follows alegorical ideas.
This changes post 1635 when Ribera begins to lighten up his backgrounds and paintings. This coincides with the arrival of the duke of Montarray. Ribera moves his subjects farther back into the paintings and starts to more follow carracci and his bolognese movement.
Begins to use a lighter color
Use of color and realism favor the Roman style
Mary doesn't have original sin
Doesn’t paint her as a little girl (against pacheco, would have had to be 12-13 y.o. and a 12-star crown) !!Reading!! "The art of Painting by Pacheco from Harrison |
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Ribera "The Trinity"
Ribera: 1591-1652
claimed by the spanish and italians. lived in naples from 1616 to his death but insists on spanish heritage
Reading: Brown
before 1635 had a lot of classical figures, follows Caravaggism--dark backgrounds, realistic styles (dirty feet and hands)--and follows alegorical ideas.
This changes post 1635 when Ribera begins to lighten up his backgrounds and paintings. This coincides with the arrival of the duke of Montarray. Ribera moves his subjects farther back into the paintings and starts to more follow carracci and his bolognese movement.
The wound looks real
This is important for the counter reformation
The blood is real... drinking the literal blood of jesus.
The painting is an inverted triangle, which is a sign of the trinity
God's halo is a triangle to reference the trinity
That is the light of God
But underneath is the world of death |
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Rubens “The Rape of the daughters of Leucippus” 1618
Rubens: 1577-1640
Born in Antwerp, 1600 goes to Italy follows the work or carbaggio
1603 visits madrid and paints the duke of Lerma.
Returns to madrid once more in 1628
Style: ands a coat of white to the priming of the canvas to make colors pop. Uses a thing mixture of ooil and pigment. Everyone in his workshop has a different specialty and he usually finishes the faces.
All of his figures are connected (Departs from Raphael??)
Figures blend into the landscape
Reading: Carrol "The Erotics of Absolutism"
culture of rape and art. Battle of the sexes and women are trained to be obediaent.
Interpretive dilemma: viewer tries to justify sexual violence in the figure saying it's about going to heaven or a symbol of marriage. And without a title it may not seem like a rape scene
This is important because at the time it was thought that women wanted to be raped (even now still sometimes) This comes from "The Art of Loving" by Ovid.
In this painting you can't tell if the faces of the women are erotic or pained.
Additionally, the men choose not to fight over women, but to rather "share in the bounty"
Women often represent land, so in the conquering of the female body, kings are often conquering land, too, which is why they had many rape scenes in their courts.
This leads us to discuss "devine power in absolutism" because the king had complete power over the bodies of his people. THis begins in the 1600's. Before was "one of the peers" or something like that
All of this reading is based on Michel Foucault (i.e. Jeremy's favorite post-structuralist theorist). Bodies do not function as bodies, but rather as a space for ideological conflict. In this sense, the women's bod is a space for redefining the social/political-cultural relationship |
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Rubens “The Dance of the Villagers” 1635
Rubens: 1577-1640
Born in Antwerp, 1600 goes to Italy follows the work or carbaggio
1603 visits madrid and paints the duke of Lerma.
Returns to madrid once more in 1628
Style: ands a coat of white to the priming of the canvas to make colors pop. Uses a thing mixture of ooil and pigment. Everyone in his workshop has a different specialty and he usually finishes the faces.
All of his figures are connected (Departs from Raphael??)
Figures blend into the landscape
This is particularly show in the Dance of the Villagers. Man playing the instrument blends into the trees
(NO READINGS???) |
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Titian "Charles V on Horse Back" 1548
Titian: 1490-1576
Italian, interests in color and brushwork that change western painting especially the renaissance
First equestrian portrait and painted in profile
Depict battle of Mühlberg against the protestant germans, but there is no battle in the background
Painted in Venice, connected the Netherlands and the West
Political meanings in portraits: The person, The kings position and relationship to god, and an embodiment of the country/people. Therefore a king can be in multiple places at once if his portrait is there.
The spear is a reference to a portrait of Alexander the great with a spear.
READING: Ames-Lewis??? |
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Zubaran "Christ on the Cross" 1627
Zubaran: 1598-1664
extremadura to sevilla
famous for garments and fabrics
Reading: Brown "the art of immediacy"
Viewer is pulled into the portrait
Contorts the legs to the side to have four nails (What do they represent? Spanish artwork??)
Character forward in the frame and very dark background (carravagism)
Less about proportion/geometry (i.e. Bolognese) and more about the feeling that evoke.
weight still pulled down in the painting because of the legs. |
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Zubaran "Christ on the Cross" 1627
Zubaran: 1598-1664
extremadura to sevilla
famous for garments and fabrics
Reading: Brown "the art of immediacy"
Viewer is pulled into the portrait
Contorts the legs to the side to have four nails (What do they represent? Spanish artwork??)
Character forward in the frame and very dark background (carravagism)
Less about proportion/geometry (i.e. Bolognese) and more about the feeling that evoke.
weight still pulled down in the painting because of the legs. |
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| Who are the five kings of spain? |
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C I / V 1500-1558
P II 1527-1598
P III 1578-1621
P IV 1605-1665
C II 1661-1700 |
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| Who are the main painters and when did they live? |
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Bosch 1450-1516
Titian 1488-1576
El Greco1541-1614
Rubens 1577-1640
Ribera 1591 - 1652
Zubaran 1598 - 1664 |
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| When does El Greco come to Spain? |
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| What readings go with Bosch? |
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| Moxley: Sign and Symbol, Margin to inside |
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| What readings go with Titian? |
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Ames Lewis: Poetry and painting?????
Brown, Thomlinson |
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| What readings go with El Greco? |
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Tomlinson, Brown (life history and style)
Marías: life in Toledo/style/Count of Orgaz |
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| What readings go with Rubens? |
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Brown: life, style of things bleding together
Carrol: power and rape |
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| What readings go with Ribalta? |
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Brown and Thomlinson: Life
Stoichita: visions |
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| which reading is eckpharisis? |
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| What readings go with Ribera |
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Brown: Life
Stoichita: visions |
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