Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the dominant form of vegetation in NYS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factor created the greatest need for reforestation Law? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the main objective of the 1929 State Reforestation Law? |
|
Definition
| Retire farmland permanently & reforest to provide a range of resources from timber to public recreation |
|
|
Term
Identify the organization of young men who executed a major reforestation initiative in the 1930s?
|
|
Definition
Civilian Conservation
Corps |
|
|
Term
| Identify the soil properties that affect fertility in NYS? |
|
Definition
| Acidity, texture, drainage & depth |
|
|
Term
| What is the greatest water pollutant? |
|
Definition
Sediment (due to erosion)
• by volume & mass (NOT toxicity)
the greatest water pollutant
• chokes waterways
• depletes soils
• destroys habitat |
|
|
Term
What types of conditions occur naturally that affect water quality? |
|
Definition
swamps, marshes & peat bogs (often tastes, smells & looks poor) & algae, sulfur & salt
|
|
|
Term
| Know the difference between consumptive use of resource and non-consumptive use. |
|
Definition
Consumptive –reduces supply(agricultural)
Non-consumptive – does not reduce supply (navigation & recreation)
(industries both)
|
|
|
Term
| What NYS environmental program provided a model for Congress to follow for the Clean Water Act? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Know the negative impacts of air pollution. |
|
Definition
1. Higher mortality rates in industrialized areas
2. Respiratory ailments
3. Ozone damage
4. Wet & dry pollutant deposition
|
|
|
Term
Know the three approaches to pollution control.
|
|
Definition
1. Treatment at the source (before leaving the smokestack) e.g. electrostatic precipitators & scrubbers
2. Use technologies that have lowest possible emission rates
3. Legislation – Clean Air Act, its Amendments & updates
|
|
|
Term
Who is the primary regulatory authority for enforcing the Clean Water Act and Clean Air Act in NYS?
|
|
Definition
| NYSDEC (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation) |
|
|
Term
At what stage in Native American Settlement did agricultural land-use and village life first take place?
|
|
Definition
| Woodland Stage(1000 bc - European Occupation) |
|
|
Term
| Identify the purpose of the Six Nations Iroquois Confederacy? |
|
Definition
| keep peace among themselves & protect each other |
|
|
Term
What was the end result of European influences on Native Americans?
|
|
Definition
| Self-sufficiency of the Iroquois disappeared |
|
|
Term
| What elements today reflect the legacy of Iroquois occupation in NYS? |
|
Definition
•toponyms
•agricultural produce (e.g. maize)
•trade routes (natural route for
early roads)
•Great Law – supported free speech, religious liberty, right to bears arms, security of person & property
|
|
|
Term
In what two areas was Dutch settlement in NYS concentrated?
|
|
Definition
a. Hudson Valley (agricultural area)
b. New Amsterdam (commerce & trade) |
|
|
Term
Identify the general type and purpose of NYS’s first “industries” (in the Post-Colonial period.)
|
|
Definition
| Boats and Railroads for transportation of goods |
|
|
Term
| What advantage did Buffalo have with regards to railroad transportation? |
|
Definition
Buffalo was the ONLY city with Midwest access
|
|
|
Term
| What effect did the turnpike system have on settlement patterns? |
|
Definition
| Settlement moved away from waterways |
|
|
Term
| In what ways did the Erie Canal impact the City of Buffalo’s economy? |
|
Definition
•the western terminus, became a major urban center
•transshipment point; canal boat freight transferred to lake boats
•stimulated support industries (e.g. shipbuilding, warehouse & storage
|
|
|
Term
In what ways did the Erie Canal impact New York City?
|
|
Definition
| NYC became THE city of east coast due to Midwest access |
|
|
Term
How did the Erie Canal affect freight charges on the railroads?
|
|
Definition
| regulated RR freight charges which were very high in the winter |
|
|
Term
What was the first railroad in NYS?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What form of transportation was the key to a real specialization of agriculture in NYS?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the late 1800s, what was the preferred method of transporting heavy, low value, bulky freight? |
|
Definition
|
|
