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| One of the oldest traditions of European thought, federalism: States would agree to give up their national armaments and accept some degree of central government. Federalists often draw analogies to the way the 13 American colonies came together in the 18th century. Some believe that history is a record of progress toward larger units. But federalism has not proven to be a very successful design at the global level. |
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| Developed from the inadequacies of federalism. Economic and social cooperation could create communities that cut across national boundaries and thus eliminate war. Sovereignty would then become less relevant, and though the formal shell of the state would still exist, its hostile content would be drained away. |
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| "as a limited number of states linked by a geographical relationship and by a degree of mutual interdependence";"the formation of interstate associations or groupings on the basis of regions" |
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| Two things could provide the basis of a new world order: the growing importance of transnational, nonterritorial actors and growing interdependence under conditions of scarcity; international norms of peace, justice, and ecological balance and a new form of world order; Anticolonialism, antiracialism, greater equality and ecological preservation lead the building of majorities. |
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| Overlapping communities and jurisdictions with multiple layers of citizens' identities and loyalties; Equal loyalty to cybercommunities with same religion, work, and hobbies as well as to state; The internet is opening transnational communications to many millions of people; Weaking nationalism among people. |
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| Period of peace is 'relative peace'; Wars continue to occur, but it is still a prosperous time for civilization -- It is important to note that during these periods, and most other times of peace, the peace that is referred to does not mean that it was complete peace; By peace, it only means that they prospered in their military, agriculture, trade, and manufacturing. |
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| Multilevel Interdependence |
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| No single hierarchy adequately describes a world politics that is like a three-dimensional chess game; ooperation among different nations on different levels or in different spheres, including economic, political, cultural, military, and technological spheres |
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| literally meaning of its own kind/genus or unique in its characteristics. The expression was effectively created by scholastic philosophy to indicate an idea, an entity or a reality that cannot be included in a wider concept. In the structure "genus → species" a species that heads its own genus is sui generis; a status for other disputed or dependent territories |
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