Term
| How much energy is used to increase 1.0 kg of water from 14.5C to 15.5C? |
|
Definition
1.0 kcal
why??
because 1 cal/gram = 1 kcal/kg-1Cal/kg |
|
|
Term
| . This laboratory measurement does the best job of estimating the % cell wall carbohydrate in a feed. |
|
Definition
NDF
Neutral detergent fiber |
|
|
Term
| This branched-chain storage polysaccharide of plants is converted to glucose by digestive enzymes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT an essential nutrient for a polar bear? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In nutrient partitioning, which body process is always given greatest priority for nutrients? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Before nutrition was a science, people often developed diseases of malnutrition on long sea voyages. What disease was cured when sailors were given citrus fruits on the voyage? |
|
Definition
| scurvy-Vitamin C in citrus was used to prevent scurvy |
|
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Term
| Name the person who is commonly considered to be the father of nutrition. He was the first person recorded who said that life is a function of chemistry. His personal life chemistry was snuffed out by Napolean. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following digestive compartments is not very important to the chicks in your broiler project |
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Definition
| crop, ventriculus, ceca are all not important |
|
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Term
| Microscopic projections in the small intestine that increase absorptive surface area. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| As plants age, the amount of lignin generally increases. What impact does this generally have? |
|
Definition
| it decreases the effective energy value of the plant as food for animals |
|
|
Term
| Name the essential fatty acid that has 18 carbons and 3 double bonds. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Fiber is not really an essential nutrient, but it does have some benefits. A good example is: |
|
Definition
| diets high in fiber reduce the incidence of certain types of cancer in humans |
|
|
Term
| The cheapest and most abundant of the six nutrients: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The most abundant carbohydrate on earth; microbes help us obtain nutrients from it. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The caloric value of a plant foodstuff depends partly on its %DM, %fat, and %ash. What are two other critical factors that are routinely measured in a feed analysis lab? |
|
Definition
| % fiber and % lignin these determine digestibility |
|
|
Term
| This proenzyme is activated by enterokinase and, after activation, it hydrolyzes proteins into smaller peptide chains. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| . The enzyme in saliva of some mammals that hydrolyzes starch. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The site of most fiber digestion in an elephant. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which enzyme is never important for a chicken? |
|
Definition
| rennin- rennin clots milk in some mammal neonates |
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Term
| This is the only β-linked di- or polysaccharide that can be hydrolyzed by mammalian enzymes. |
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Definition
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Term
| You have an old horse. It has poor teeth and has been losing weight. Which of the following would be most helpful in trying to maintain its weight? |
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Definition
| a diet with more lipid than normal- the high energy of fat might help |
|
|
Term
| . Food labels often now include information about trans fats. This is important because |
|
Definition
| some trans- FA's are bad for your health, however trans fats from animals are likely good |
|
|
Term
| . As an animal matures, the concentration of water in its body typically |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Kangaroos are pregastric fermentors but are not ruminants. Chapter 4 of Pond et al describes their stomachs as having this characteristic that enables fermentation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . Some hindgut fermenters practice copraphagy. Perhaps they like the taste, but the major benefit is increased intake of: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| This protein supplement can be effective in ruminants but not in horses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When nutritionists talk about microbial protein, they are referring to the protein that microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most absorption of amino acids occurs in this part of the digestive tract in a horse. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In examining the digestive tract of the lamb in lab, I found lots of whole corn particles in the rumen but none in the large intestine. What is the most likely explanation for the lack of corn in the large intestine? |
|
Definition
| the corn particles were ruminated and fermented |
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|
Term
| The white rhino can use this waste product of the bacteria in its hindgut to make glucose |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| This disorder in a dog can occur if proteolytic enzymes are activated while still in the cells that synthesize them. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the teeth of a dog tell you about its diet? |
|
Definition
| if dogs are fed cereal grains, they should be ground before feeding |
|
|
Term
| . One strategy for surviving and thriving on a high fiber diet is to eat a lot but only digest the easy stuff. Using this strategy, the Chinese Panda may only digest 5% of its diet of bamboo leaves. According to your textbook, what percentage of its body weight might a small panda (weighing less than 90 kg) eat in a day? (see chapter 4 in Church and Pond) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The nutrition label for a bag of dried white rice states that a 1-cup serving has 1 g of fat, 4 g of protein, and 43 g of carbohydrates (after subtracting the fiber), and it contains 193 Calories. What critical assumption is being made when calculating the energy value? |
|
Definition
a. it will in fact be eaten by somebody b. it will be cooked before it is eaten
c. it will not be loaded down with butter or margarine
* ALL OF THESE ARE TRUE |
|
|
Term
| . An adult horse will consume approximately how many liters of water per day. (Ch. 6) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . Muscle is about what percent water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A corn grain sample is determined to be 1.8% N. What is its % CP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Milk is 13% dry matter. What % of milk is water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Harley the circus pig is fed a special diet but he seems to be losing muscle mass. His feed is high in protein and his trainer decides that it must not be very digestible. He enlists the help of a nutritionist and they determine that when Harley consumes 50 g of feed N per day, he excretes 15 g of fecal N per day. Thus, the apparent N digestibility is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| They decide to check the true digestibility by using a marker. Of the 15 g of fecal N, 5 g is of endogenous origin. Thus, the true N digestibility of the feed is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . They decide to feed Harley more. To the trainer’s surprise, Harley gains his weight back. The increased intake, however, likely had what impact on the true N digestibility? |
|
Definition
| if anything, it will likely decrease digestibility |
|
|
Term
| Enzyme in pancreatic juice that breaks down starch. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This problem commonly occurs when nutrients are not well absorbed (e.g., if lactose is not absorbed). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . Most absorption of amino acids and fats in a human occurs in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Feed particles are more likely to pass INTO this foregut compartment of a goat if they are small and dense. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These large protein molecules in colostrum are absorbed intact in the young mammal and help prevent disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This problem sometimes occurs when lots of starch is fermented rapidly in a horse or cow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Regarding the enzyme trypsinl these following statements are TRUE |
|
Definition
b. it activates other proteolytic digestive enzymes
c. it is secreted as trypsinogen and activated by enterokinase
d. it is inhibited by a compound in raw soybeans |
|
|
Term
| Why does the wall of the stomach secrete pepsin? |
|
Definition
| . to begin the process of digesting protein |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is required for an animal to obtain energy from cell wall carbohydrate? |
|
Definition
| fermentation compartment or some mechanism to increase retention time |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is required for an animal to obtain energy from cell wall carbohydrate? |
|
Definition
| fermentation compartment or some mechanism to increase retention time |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is required for an animal to obtain energy from cell wall carbohydrate? |
|
Definition
| fermentation compartment or some mechanism to increase retention time |
|
|
Term
| 1. T F The “dilution of maintenance” refers to the fact that the NEm value of a feed is always greater than its NEg value. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2. T F Adding lots of soybean meal to a diet (so protein is fed well above requirements) is a good way to try to increase the growth rate of a young broiler chicken. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3. T F Contrary to popular belief, as an animal eats more per day, the digestibility of the diet actually increases. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Animals can synthesize glucose from most fatty acids. |
|
Definition
| False-only FA to use for making glucose is propionate or the occasional odd-number chain |
|
|
Term
| 5. T F A dog can live quite healthy and well for a long time eating a carbohydrate-free diet as long as it is fed plenty of protein. This is because the cells of a dog prefer to oxidize amino acids instead of glucose. |
|
Definition
| False- - 1st part is true but dog cells don’t prefer AA, it is just that they can make all the glucose they need |
|
|
Term
| 6. T F Most trans-fatty acids are bad for you, but trans-11 C18:1 is actually good. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 7. T F Over a 5-day fast, most of the energy required to keep an animal alive comes from stored glycogen. |
|
Definition
| False- most of the fuel used will be fatty acids or ketones |
|
|
Term
| 8. T F The lactate produced in anaerobic glycolysis is transported to mammary gland where it is converted to lactose. |
|
Definition
| False- Lactate is converted to glucose in the liver |
|
|
Term
| 9. T F Without the electron transport chain, the TCA cycle cannot continue to run. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10. T F Acetate is a major metabolic fuel in ruminants fed high forage diets, especially if they are lactating, thus sparing glucose for the tissues that absolutely require it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . For a growing animal, total heat production plus retained energy is equal to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . During really hot weather, animals usually eat less. Why? |
|
Definition
| . This is likely an adaptive mechanism to help them deal with heat stress. |
|
|
Term
| For which of the following food components would the GE and ME values (kcal/g) be most similar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . For which of the following food components would the ME and NE values (kcal/g) be most similar? |
|
Definition
| fat- fat has a low heat increment |
|
|
Term
| A cat weighs 5 kg. What is its metabolic body size? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The human physiological fuel value (grocery store value; in kcal) of a snack with 10 g of starch and 10 g of protein. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metabolic body size is important in nutrition because it is highly correlated with an adult animal’s: |
|
Definition
. oxygen consumption b. fasting heat production c. maintenance energy requirement
ALL OF THESE!!!
- O2 comsumption and heat production are both directly related to maintenance requirement |
|
|
Term
| Within an animal’s thermoneutral zone, it maintains ideal body temperature with no extra metabolic work by: |
|
Definition
| regulating blood flow to the skin |
|
|
Term
| . If a growing llama retained 100 g of protein and 10 g of fat in a day, how much energy (kcal/day) would it retain? |
|
Definition
| 660- (100*5.65) + (10*9.5) |
|
|
Term
| The compound that is responsible for most of the energy lost in urine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A broiler diet contains 12% vegetable oil as one of the ingredients. Assuming all nutrients are appropriately balanced, for which of the following growth goals would this diet be most suitable? |
|
Definition
| rapid growth- high oil would promote greater energy intake and thus faster growth rate |
|
|
Term
| A broiler diet contains 20% wheat midds as one of the ingredients. Assuming all nutrients are appropriately balanced, for which of the following growth goals would this diet be most suitable? |
|
Definition
| lean carcass-wheat midds are high in fiber, which is less digestible, and would decrease energy intake. Animals that eat fewer calories typically put on less fat relative to lean tissue gain. |
|
|
Term
| . This volatile fatty acid is produced during fermentation and is a major glucogenic substrate for some herbivores. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids can all be metabolized to this compound. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following tissues does NOT require glucose |
|
Definition
| cardiac muscle in a person while they are taking the exam--of the tissues listed, red blood cells always require glucose and exclusively glucose. Brain also requires glucose. Skeletal muscle requires glucose for anaerobic work, and fast-twitch muscles probably require some glucose for aerobic work. But cardiac muscle, like most skeletal muscle, can rely almost entirely on fatty acids and other non-glucose sources to provide the ATP for contractions during periods of low activity. |
|
|
Term
| . When seals are plentiful, polar bears eat mostly blubber (adipose tissue) and not much muscle. This would be their primary metabolic fuel source. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Site where most of the glycogen in the body is stored for rapid production of blood glucose if needed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which lipoprotein carries triglycerides from the gut to the peripheral tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transport triglycerides to the liver |
|
|
Term
| About what percent of glucose would come from gluconeogenesis in a lion eating only horsemeat. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . Which of the following compounds is never used for net production of glucose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activities that would be activated during peak absorption of a high corn grain diet in a horse: |
|
Definition
| glycogen synthesis--If a horse just ate a lot of grain (starch), lots of glucose will be absorbed. Therefore, it does not need to breakdown glycogen or make glucose during peak absorption. Instead this is the time to make glycogen and fatty acids from glucose. |
|
|
Term
| Activities that would be activated during peak absorption after a high corn grain diet in a goat: |
|
Definition
| gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis--If a goat just ate a lot of grain (starch), the starch is fermented. Lots of propionate and acetate will be absorbed. Therefore, it will use the propionate to make glucose. With plenty of glucogenic substrate available, it does not need to break down glycogen but rather will use the glucose to store more glycogen. It could also use some of the acetate in fatty acid synthesis. |
|
|
Term
| Major metabolic fuel source during a long-term fast in a white-tailed deer in winter: |
|
Definition
| fatty acids--% White-tailed deer, like any other vertebrate, will rely mostly on fatty acids as a major metabolic fuel during a long-term fast (glycogen is gone). Some protein would be broken down to provide glucogenic substrate for the tissues that must have glucose, but even if the animal lost as much muscle mass each day as fat mass, the fat would be providing ~ten times the calories as the muscle. If the deer had absolutely no fat left, then it would have only amino acids to use, but it would have to be really really skinny to have no fat. |
|
|
Term
| Ketosis is generally the result of: |
|
Definition
| too little blood glucose--Glucose shortage accompanied by excessive fatty acid mobilization means the fats will be only incompletely oxidized to ketones. “Fats are burned in the fire of carbohydrate”. |
|
|
Term
| Farmer Legrange has 400 cows each eating at 2X the amount of NEL needed for maintenance. Farmer de Boer has 200 cows each eating at 3X the amount of NEL needed for maintenance. All the extra NEL above maintenance is captured as milk. Which farm uses the most feed per day? |
|
Definition
| Legrange (2X)--% 400 cows at 2X = 800 units of feed per day. 200 cows at 3X = 600 units per day |
|
|
Term
| Farmer Legrange has 400 cows each eating at 2X the amount of NEL needed for maintenance. Farmer de Boer has 200 cows each eating at 3X the amount of NEL needed for maintenance. All the extra NEL above maintenance is captured as milk. Which farm produces the most milk per day? |
|
Definition
| there is almost no difference between the two==The first X is maintenance for each cow; any NEL consumed above 1X is milk. For Legrange, 400 cows are producing milk at (2X - 1X) = 1X, so 400 units of milk. For de Boer, 200 cows are producing milk at (3X – 1X) = 2X, so 400 units of milk per day. Because this is all on an NEL basis, changes in digestibility have already been considered. There is almost no difference between the two farms. |
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|
Term
| Farmer Legrange has 400 cows each eating at 2X the amount of NEL needed for maintenance. Farmer de Boer has 200 cows each eating at 3X the amount of NEL needed for maintenance. All the extra NEL above maintenance is captured as milk. . Which farm produces the most methane and fecal and urinary waste per cow? |
|
Definition
| de Boer (3X)--% The cows of de Boer are eating 50% more feed NEL than those of Legrange. They will therefore be producing more feces, urinary waste, and methane per day. |
|
|
Term
| . Farmer Legrange has 400 cows each eating at 2X the amount of NEL needed for maintenance. Farmer de Boer has 200 cows each eating at 3X the amount of NEL needed for maintenance. All the extra NEL above maintenance is captured as milkWhich farm produces the most methane and fecal and urinary waste per day? |
|
Definition
| Legrange--The cows of de Boer are eating 50% more feed than those of Legrange, but they are producing 100% more milk. Or you could say for the same amount of milk on each farm, Legrange uses 800X units of feed, while de Boer uses only 600X units of feed. |
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|
Term
| Assume a pig’s thermoneutral zone is 15º to 25º C when it is consuming 1000 g of food per day. Assume this is about 2X maintenance and assume this is as much feed as the pig wants to eat. The pig gains 400 g/d when the effective ambient temperature is 20º C. . How much will the pig gain when the temperature is 25º C, assuming it eats as much as it wants |
|
Definition
| about 400 g/d -- still in the thermoneutral zone |
|
|
Term
| Assume a pig’s thermoneutral zone is 15º to 25º C when it is consuming 1000 g of food per day. Assume this is about 2X maintenance and assume this is as much feed as the pig wants to eat. The pig gains 400 g/d when the effective ambient temperature is 20º C. . How much will the pig gain when the temperature is 35º C, assuming it eats as much as it wants? |
|
Definition
| <380 g/d--The pigs will eat less plus they need to do extra work to get rid of heat. They will grow slower. |
|
|
Term
| All metabolic reactions must be thermodynamically favorable. This means |
|
Definition
| some of the chemical energy in a metabolic pathway will be converted to heat |
|
|
Term
| When fed to a cat, fiber would have very little |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The gross energy value of protein is typically about: |
|
Definition
| 5.6---- GE is 5.6 kcal/g. ME is in the 3.5 to 4 range |
|
|
Term
| Name the temperature zone or range of temperatures in which an animal does not need to expend extra energy for thermoregulation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the compound that is responsible for most of the energy lost in gaseous products of digestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An animal gains 1 kg of body weight but it is all fat. How much energy did it retain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During really hot weather, animals usually eat less. Why? |
|
Definition
| It is likely an adaptive mechanism to help them deal with heat stress. |
|
|
Term
| For which of the following would the ME and GE values be most similar. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For a growing animal, total heat production plus retained energy is equal to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As a lactating sow eats more and produces more milk, she converts a greater fraction of her feed energy to milk energy. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1. T F Much of the requirement for leucine could be met by feeding its respective ketoacid because what animals really require is the amino acid’s carbon skeleton. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2. T F Without exception, proteins must be broken down to amino acids, di-, and tri-peptides to be absorbed |
|
Definition
| false- young animals can absorb intact proteins,which is crical for passive immunity |
|
|
Term
| 3. T F Raw soybeans should used wit h caution in diets because they contain an enzyme that inhibits the digestion of protein. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4. T F The AA balance of alfalfa is of little concern for a dairy cow because cows simply do not get much Rumen-Undegraded Protein from alfalfa. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5. T F If an animal’s tissues run out lysine, they can generally use leucine in its place to synthesize proteins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6. T F The first limiting amino acid of cereal grains such as corn or wheat is generally considered to be lysine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 7. Similar in structure to phenylalanine and decreases the need for phe in the diet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 8. Sulfur-containing AA; not used as a building block to make protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 9. Part of the urea cycle; generally considered essential, but adult mammals can make their own |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10. Large neutral AA, precursor for making serotonin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following consists only of the ten AA that are generally considered essential? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PVT TIM HALL
Pro, Val, Thr, Trp, ile, met, his, arg, leu, lys |
|
|
Term
| A feed sample contains 6% nitrogen. What is its crude protein content? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . When protein is overfed, most of the excess N: |
|
Definition
| is lost from the body as urinary N |
|
|
Term
| NPN in a ruminant diet can result in incoordination and death because of toxic blood concentrations of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Farmer Banks feeds a group of finishing cattle (close to market weight) a diet that is based on ground corn. What would be a good protein supplement to mix with the diet? |
|
Definition
| urea (280%CP, 20 cents a lb)- diet would have lots of starch and could use a degradeable protein souce- urea would be cheap and work well |
|
|
Term
| The energy value of a food contains its protein calories. Could an animal “get fat” by eating lots of protein? |
|
Definition
| yes, if the extra grams of protein are fed in addition to a diet that already meets nutrient needs |
|
|
Term
| A broiler diet contains 20% more soybean meal and 30% more methionine than needed as one of the ingredients. Assuming all nutrients other than protein are appropriately balanced, for which of the following growth goals would this diet be most suitable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A broiler diet contains 20% less protein than needed. Assuming all other nutrients are appropriately balanced, for which of the following growth goals would this diet be most suitable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is closest to the actual % methionine in your broiler diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How is the required ratio of protein to energy altered for a dog in each of the following situations (compared to an adult maintenance dog in average body condition in its thermoneutral zone).
20. Warm environment compared to thermoneutral zone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
21. Obese dog being fed at restricted intake for weight loss
How is the required ratio of protein to energy altered for a dog in each of the following situations (compared to an adult maintenance dog in average body condition in its thermoneutral zone). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has a higher biological value than the protein of cereal grains. --microbial protein has better AA profile than cereal grains but not better than milk protein nor is it more digestible than soy protein |
|
|
Term
| The approximate ME value (in kcal/g) of a protein that is 100% digested and 100% retained. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A young growing pig consumes 20 g of protein per day and excretes 6 g CP in feces and 10 g CP in urine per day. Give the closest answer for the following:
24. ____ Daily protein retention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A young growing pig consumes 20 g of protein per day and excretes 6 g CP in feces and 10 g CP in urine per day. Give the closest answer for the following:
5
Net protein synthesis per day |
|
Definition
| 4 g--net protein synthesis is the same thing as proteind retention or accreation |
|
|
Term
| If gelatin (digestibility = 100%, biological value = 0) was the only source of protein in a growing rat’s diet, the rat would: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If gelatin (digestibility = 100%, biological value = 0) was the only source of protein in a growing rat’s diet: |
|
Definition
| the N would end up in the urine |
|
|
Term
| After drying a 50-gram sample of silage, you find the dry weight is 20 grams. What is the % DM of the feed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . A commercial sheep feed is 10% moisture and 18% CP on an as-fed basis. What is the %CP on a dry matter basis? |
|
Definition
| 20%-- 18 lb in 90 lb DM =20% |
|
|
Term
| In your broiler project, you were instructed to mix the mineral, vitamin, and methionine supplements together first, then to mix with some soybean meal, and to add the oil last on top of the ground corn. Why |
|
Definition
| . to make sure all the ingredients were mixed uniformly |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following would help increase energy intake for a group of high producing dairy cows? |
|
Definition
. provide cooling fans in summer b. feed the cows 10% more than they eat each day
c. remove orts at least once every two days d. make sure the cows have plenty of good quality water
** ALL OF THESE!! |
|
|
Term
| As the nutritionist for a farm, which of the following would NOT be very helpful to ensure that the diet on paper is the same as the diet fed? |
|
Definition
| yell at the feeder to make sure he mixes the diet up exactly as it is written |
|
|
Term
| The "minimum inclusion rate" for a specific feedstuff is important in making diets because: |
|
Definition
| . mixing will not be uniform if less than this amount is put into the mixer |
|
|
Term
| In class, talked about the idea that there are 3 diets for any animal. One is the diet on paper. The others are: |
|
Definition
| the diet actually fed and the diet actually consumed |
|
|
Term
| In class, talked about the idea that there are 3 diets for any animal. One is the diet on paper. The others are: |
|
Definition
| the diet actually fed and the diet actually consumed |
|
|
Term
| 48. One reason that the diet on paper may not be what the animal eats is: |
|
Definition
a. the mixer wagon is old and not working correctly b. the scales are inaccurate
c. the composition of a feed has changed
**ALL OF THESE COULD MAKE A DIFFERENCE!! |
|
|
Term
| When feeding adult pigs, chickens, dogs, cats, or baboons in groups, a major problem can be to effectively restrict the caloric intake of all the animals evenly. Which of the following might help minimize competition so that all individuals in the group eat their fair share of the food. |
|
Definition
| feed a diet with a high fiber concentration |
|
|
Term
| This feeding strategy can reduce the risk that the animals at the top of the pecking order will get fat when feeding groups of poultry or swine at restricted intake. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 1. T F Although methionine is often considered the most limiting AA for broilers, sometimes threonine is the most limiting AA. It all depends on the available feedstuffs. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 2. T F Asparagine is needed by cells as a protein building block, but it is “non-essential” (not needed in the diet) because animals can synthesize it from other compounds |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 3. T F Taurine is an amino acid that is especially important for cattle because it is a major component of the proteins that make up the rumen epithelium. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following consists only of the ten AA that are generally considered essential for young growing chickens? |
|
Definition
| a. lysine, leucine, phenylalanine |
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Term
Harry (a young growing pig) is fed a diet with 10% CP and a well-balanced AA profile. His littermate Ron is fed a diet with 20% CP and a similar AA profile. They both eat 2000 kcal of ME per day.
Choices are: a) Harry b) Ron c) they are the same d) impossible to know
5. Which pig likely has the greatest protein accretion per day? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which pig will have the highest blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations?
Harry (a young growing pig) is fed a diet with 10% CP and a well-balanced AA profile. His littermate Ron is fed a diet with 20% CP and a similar AA profile. They both eat 2000 kcal of ME per day.
Choices are: a) Harry b) Ron c) they are the same d) impossible to know |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A protein supplement is 10% N. What is the %CP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . Birds are very sensitive to these toxic compounds, which can be found in grain stored during warm and moist conditions |
|
Definition
| fungal toxins- mycotoxins |
|
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Term
| To maximize the likelihood of reproductive success in most female animals, this should be supplied at or above its requirement during the time around breeding. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . An advantage of harvesting and storing alfalfa as silage rather than as hay is: |
|
Definition
a. animals tend to waste less of the food during eating. b. fewer leaves are lost during the harvesting process
c. the farmer is less dependent on dry weather to do a good job at harvest
**ALL OF THESE |
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Term
| Farmer Hill feeds her growing pigs a diet of corn, soybean meal, distillers grains, and minerals and vitamins. What might be a good supplement to decrease total diet CP and nitrogen excretion while maintaining excellent gains? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| You are the consultant for a riding stable. You notice that the stable has several horses that are too thin and several horses that are too fat. The horses are fed in one large group. What might be the problem? |
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Definition
| Not enough space for all the horses to eat at once |
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Term
| A lactating barn cat will eat to meet requirements for which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| Compare two equations for determining ME requirements (kcal/day) of an adult cat. One uses metabolic body weight and is ME = 84 x BW0.75, where BW is body weight in kg. Another uses body weight (not metabolic body weight) and is ME = 30 x BW + 100. Assuming the equation based on metabolic BW is the more accurate, and that the simpler equation must be within 10% to be valid, for what range of BW would the simple equation be valid? (To do this, graph both functions and compare them) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compare two equations for determining ME requirements (kcal/day) of an adult cat. One uses metabolic body weight and is ME = 84 x BW0.75, where BW is body weight in kg. Another uses body weight (not metabolic body weight) and is ME = 30 x BW + 100. Assuming the equation based on metabolic BW is the more accurate, and that the simpler equation must be within 10% to be valid, for what range of BW would the simple equation be valid? (To do this, graph both functions and compare them) |
|
Definition
a. niacin b. vitamin A c. arachidonic acid d. taurine
**ALL OF THESE |
|
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Term
| This practice will effectively restrict caloric intake in pigs, chickens, dogs, cats, and baboons when they are fed in groups so that competition is minimized and all individuals in a group eat their fair share of the food. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . The protein requirement for most juvenile fish is (see chapter 29): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To reduce the risk of hypocalcemia at parturition in dairy cows, feed a diet low in this before calving (see Ch 23 in text): |
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Definition
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|
Term
| You have 5 adult horses that don’t get ridden much. They are on a pasture that is really not big enough. The summer is hot and dry and they are running out of grass. They each require about 18 Mcal DE/day so you want to supplement with about 15 Mcal/day. What should you do? |
|
Definition
| Feed 15 lb/head/day of grass hay from a neighbor. DE = 1.0 Mcal/lb, $3/50 lb bale |
|
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Term
| You visit a dairy farm that has a problem with low milk production and fertility. The cows are a little thin. The milking equipment and procedures all look good. It is summer but the barn is well-ventilated with fans and reasonably cool. There are plenty of water tanks. The feed looks properly mixed and is not spoiled. You test the water and the feed and they both are high quality. The feed bunks are nice and clean every time you visit. What might be the problem? |
|
Definition
| the cows are truely not being fed ad libitum |
|
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Term
For each of the following situations, what would the required ratio of protein to energy be compared to an adult maintenance dog in average body condition in its thermoneutral zone.
14. Young growing puppy |
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Definition
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|
Term
15. Active dog
For each of the following situations, what would the required ratio of protein to energy be compared to an adult maintenance dog in average body condition in its thermoneutral zone. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
For each of the following situations, what would the required ratio of protein to energy be compared to an adult maintenance dog in average body condition in its thermoneutral zone.
. Obese dog being fed at restricted intake for weight loss a. |
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Definition
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Term
| This unique feedstuff made from a common flower can increase yolk pigmentation when fed to layers. |
|
Definition
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Term
| This chronic health problem is exacerbated by housing a horse inside and feeding dry hay. Give the simple 6-letter name. |
|
Definition
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Term
| I decided we were paying too much for catfood. The high-protein dogfood is half the price and the cats like it okay. But lately they haven’t looked so good and one of them seems half blind. Do you suppose it’s a contagious disease or this a diet deficiency? What’s up doc?” Name the likely problem. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Overeating disease” is a common problem for sheep fed a high grain diet. It can be prevented by vaccination against this organism. (see Chapter 24). Give genus only (not species). |
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Definition
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Term
| We ran out of HorseChow, so I gave my wife’s horse some of the steer feed. Now it’s dead. I thought grain could give foot problems, but I didn’t expect this. When we looked at the feed tag, it said, ‘Not for horses’. Crud. I guess I should have read that first. Now I gotta pay for a new horse, and I’m sleeping in the doghouse. What happened?” |
|
Definition
| Monesin, rumensin, or ionophore toxicity |
|
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Term
| This common prebreeding management practice increases the number of eggs that will be fertilized in sows and ewes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sheep are more sensitive to high levels of this trace mineral than goats, and certainly more sensitive than cattle or horses. Therefore, feeding a trace mineral salt for cattle or horses for several months may cause toxicity. (Chapter 24 of text) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| he predominant organic acid found in a well-preserved silage. It has a low pKa and thus is effective in dropping the pH to stabilize the feed. |
|
Definition
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Term
| This mineral salt feedstuff (give specific chemical name of the salt) is fed to carnivores and wethers to acidify the urine and prevent the formation of uroliths. (Two word name; the cation in this salt contains N). |
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Definition
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Term
| This form of phosphorus is found in plant seeds and is not very available to swine and poultry. |
|
Definition
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Term
| A turtle is switched from a diet containing 3000 kcal/kg to a new diet containing 3500 kcal/kg. If the diet originally was correctly formulated and contained 0.30% methionine, the new diet should be what % methionine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . You want to feed a group of dairy heifers 100 kg of corn silage per day (dry matter basis). The corn silage is 35% DM. How many lb of corn silage on an as fed basis should you feed it? |
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Definition
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Term
| You finally find your dream place in the country. It has 20 acres of old fields that you have no interest in farming or using to grow hay. You would like some beef cows so want to put it into pasture. The soil is a nice clay-loam and should produce about 4 tons of DM per acre. Assume a cow-calf pair is 1.5 animal units and that the grazing season is 160 days. You will use intensive grazing so assume feeding losses will be 20%. How many cows do you think this place can handle? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Despite the common practice of lowering the %protein of diets as pigs grow, the %lysine in the diet should remain the same for a 200-pound compared to 30-pound pig. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cattle are often fed corn; however, they eat corn only because they have no alternative. This is unacceptable and is a major cause of the health problems seen by veterinarians. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To maximize energy intake in a dairy cow, feed a diet that is mostly grain with almost no fiber. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mature ewes are most likely to suffer from a shortage of energy during: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One advantage of pelletizing some or all of the ingredients in a diet is: |
|
Definition
| the starch becomes more digestible with heat |
|
|
Term
| Because of their genetics from selective breeding, broiler chickens have ravenous appetites and rapid growth rates. This sometimes also causes death from: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mammals often secrete very little of this digestive enzyme when they are young and therefore young mammals should not be fed much molasses or common table sugar. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Birds are especially sensitive to these toxic compounds, which may occur in feeds stored in warm, moist conditions. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Your dog has developed a limp. Your pet food dealer recommends a product called Dyscofix. However, it will cost you an extra $20 a week ($1000/year). What can you do to determine its value? |
|
Definition
. Identify the active ingredient and see if research supports its efficacy.
b. See if your veterinarian knows about research on the product.
c. Try the product for 2 months and then discontinue it. Record observations for 4 months.
** ALL WOULD BE USEFUL |
|
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Term
| Cats require higher concentrations of protein in their diets than dogs. This is because: |
|
Definition
| gluconeogeneis is active in a cat, even if fed low protein |
|
|
Term
| . For most cationic trace minerals, which form would have the greatest bioavailability: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following nutrients is a deficiency almost never a concern (it rarely occurs) for any animal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . Poor bone growth could occur if this animal is accidentally supplemented with ergocalciferol instead of cholecalciferol in its diet. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you accidentally fed 100 times the requirement of any of the following nutrients, for which one would a toxicity be least likely to occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most animals efficiently convert β-carotene to this vitamin. However, cats do not, so they need greater supplementation with this vitamin per pound of diet than do dogs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . According to your textbook, about 10% of body iron can be found in this molecule: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When given a choice of several mineral supplements, an animal often chooses the right combination to meet its requirements for each mineral. This demonstrates that: |
|
Definition
| your instructor is willing to make false statments on exams to trick you into wrong answers |
|
|
Term
| . Which of the following has been observed as a sign of vitamin A deficiency (see book). |
|
Definition
a. pneumonia b. cleft palate c. incoordination d. anorexia
** ALL OF THESE |
|
|
Term
| For many years, the recommended daily intake for vitamin D in human adults was about 500 IU. This is currently being questioned with some new studies providing evidence that 1000-2000 IU/day may decrease the risk of certain cancers, including colorectal, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancers. At present, what does the National Cancer Institute recommend regarding vitamin D intake? (search for “Vitamin D and Cancer Prevention”)? |
|
Definition
| it is still too early to make a change |
|
|
Term
| What is one of the first visible signs of severe acute hypocalcemia? |
|
Definition
| unstable gait or in ability to get up |
|
|
Term
| When young milk-fed animals scour, they may become dehydrated. Thus we recommend they be given: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . As can be seen in Figure 11.10, potassium accounts for more than half of the positive charges inside cells. This divalent cation accounts for much of the remaining positive charges. Give full name, not the abbreviation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The clinical scientific name for the softening of brain tissue that occurs with some vitamin deficiencies and results in incoordination and even paralysis. Answer is one word, but it is a long name—a good one to use in normal conversation at Thanksgiving. You will now forever say “I am suffering from _____” instead of saying “My brain is mush”. Spell correclty. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The adult human body is about 1.1% P. What is the %Ca? (see chapter 11 of textbook) Answer should be a number rounded to the nearest tenth decimal place. Do not include “%” in the answer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are investigating a nutrient deficiency in chickens. Many of the chicks seem unable to move and lay with rigid legs and retracted head. Some simply loko stiff and unsteady. What nutrient is deficient? Answer should be one word and it should be the formal name, not a letter or abbreviation. Spell correctly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The scientific term for the cells that form bone. One word. Make it plural. Spell correctly. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the antioxidant found in red wine. Spell correctly. Be careful, it is a tricky spelling |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Form of vitamin A that is effective in preventing night blindness. Give full name. Spell correctly. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia are signs of a deficiency of this nutrient. Give full name, not abbreviation. One word. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Your text book has a picture of pigs fed 3 levels of this mineral. One pig is normal, one has stunted growth, and the third, which was fed only half of its requirement for this mineral, has stunted growth and looks miserable with a skin disorder. Give full name, not abbreviation. One word. |
|
Definition
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Term
| Your text book has a picture of a baby lamb that was born with thick wrinkled skin, very little wool, and large neck. Name the nutrient that was clearly deficient in its mothers diet. Give full name, not abbreviation. One word. |
|
Definition
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Term
| How much Selenium 90 premix (200 ppm Se, 90 mg Se/lb) should be fed per day to supplement a rhino with 10 mg of Se per day? Give answer as grams of premix per day. Round to nearest whole number. Only report the number. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . You work at a pet food company. You develop a new cat food formulation called “Wild Buffalo and Chicken Wings”. To be suitable for all lifestages, a catfood should contain 1.0% calcium. The diet is basically a mix of 20% buffalo byproducts (0.2% Ca), 20% ground chicken wings (5% Ca), and a mix of cereal grains and plant proteins that contains 0.2% Ca. The diet has plenty of P so does not need dicalcium phosphate. How much limestone (36% Ca) should be added to each ton (2000 lb) of the diet to provide 1.0% Ca on a total diet basis? Give answer with no decimal places and only give the number. |
|
Definition
| 0- the chicken wings provide all the calcium needed in the diet 5% calcium at 20% of diet =1%Ca |
|
|
Term
| Determine the blend of corn (9% CP) and 34-Lamb pellets (34% CP) that would make a blend of 18% CP (all values are AsFed basis). (Use Pearson’s square technique or simultaneous equations.) (See pages 383-385 of text or “Balancing diets by hand” document on ANGEL). What percent of the grain mix should be 34-Lamb? (Determine the percent of each, which will add to 100, but your answer will be the percent that is pellets. Round answer to nearest whole number. Do not include “%” sign.) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Formulate a diet to feed a horse 28 Mcal DE per day. She will eat no more than 10 kg DM per day. Choose between mixed hay (2.5 Mcal DE/kg DM, 13% CP, 90% DM) and a grain mix (3.5 Mcal DE/kg DM, 16% CP, 90% DM). How many kg DM of grain will you feed? |
|
Definition
| 3 kg of grain, if you feed 10 kg total and up to 6 kg of grain if you feed less than 10 kg total |
|
|
Term
| Evaluate the following trace mineral supplement for use in lactating dairy cows. If the cows ate it at about 0.5% of daily dry matter intake, would it be an effective supplement? |
|
Definition
| . Yes when fed at 0.5% of the total diet, all trace minerals should be adequate for the cattle. |
|
|
Term
| 1. T F To many farmer’s surprise, sulfur is in fact one of the most commonly deficient minerals in most animal feeds. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2. T F If forages are a large part of an animal's diet in Michigan, the animal will most likely consume plenty of potassium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most animal diets include limestone as a mineral supplement. Limestone is a great source of this nutrient: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Farmer Fogwell feeds some pigs a diet of corn and soybean meal. What is good mineral supplement to mix with the diet? |
|
Definition
a. limestone b. potassium chloride c. sodium chloride d. copper sulfate
** ALL OF THESE!! |
|
|
Term
| You are the veterinarian/ consultant for a dairy farm. The farm has a major problem with mastitis, an infection/inflammation of the mammary gland. Addition of what nutrient would be most likely to help the situation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Greater concentrations of parathyroid hormone directly cause which of the following responses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which minerals should be supplemented to all types of animals in Michigan because the base diet will likely be deficient. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This form of phosphorus is poorly available in pigs and chickens, but rumen bacteria help make it available. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the hormonal form of vitamin D that stimulates active absorption of calcium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Baby pig anemia is a classic sign for a deficiency of this element. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This trace mineral is usually supplemented to animals and humans, often by its addition to table salt. It is important for synthesis of the thyroid hormones. Goiter (an enlarged thryoid gland) is a classic deficiency sign. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Warfarin is a common ingredient in rat poison. What vitamin does it inhibit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name an essential nutrient for which toxicity is a greater concern than deficiency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . Name the fat-soluble anti-oxidant that is especially important if you eat lots of food fried in vegetable oil. |
|
Definition
| Tocopherol-name for vitamin E |
|
|
Term
| Supplementation of this trace mineral was one of the first to be recognized as important for older pigs raised in confinement settings. Parakeratosis is the classic deficiency sign. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most likely reasons for poor mineralization of bone? |
|
Definition
. low dietary Ca for several months b. low dietary P for several months
c. low dietary vitamin D and lack of sun exposure for several months
** ALL OF THESE |
|
|
Term
| A trace mineral supplement contains 0.02% Se. How many ppm is this? |
|
Definition
| 200 ppm= 0.02 parts per hundred=200 ppm |
|
|
Term
| . For many B-vitamins, one of the first signs of deficiency is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A defiency of Na or K is most likely to occur in an animal during: |
|
Definition
heat stress b. diarrhea c. strenuous exercise
** ALL OF THESE!! |
|
|
Term
| The rise in insulin that occurs after you eat your Thanksgiving meal will increase |
|
Definition
storage of glucose as glycogen b. storage of protein in muscle
c. storage of fat in adipose tissue
** ALL OF THESE |
|
|
Term
| The orchestrated coordination of metabolism to support a dominant physiological process such as growth or lactation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . For a lactating dog, nutrients would be partitioned in which order (most important first): |
|
Definition
| maintenance milk synthesis adipose deposition |
|
|
Term
| Name of the disease characterized by low secretion of insulin or a poor response to it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . On average, the birds fed for low cost had less protein and more fiber in their diets than the birds fed for best carcass. The low cost birds likely had: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The "pace setter" of metabolism. Iodine deficiency can impair its synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . Enhancer of milk production and body fat mobilization. Its blood concentration is actually greatest during malnutrition. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . Enhancer of gluconeogenesis and mobilization of body fat and protein. Its blood concentration is increased by stress but diet has little effect. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Part of the “Fight or flight” response. Increases availability of glucose from glycogen and fatty acids from adipose tissue. Increases muscle accretion acting through “”-receptors.
KEY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1. T F To increase intake in cattle, feed them a diet with lots of effective fiber. A little extra never hurts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2. T F A pig will eat more when the effective ambient temperature is below its thermoneutral zone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3. T F The fact that a dog can maintain blood glucose at about 100 mg/dl regardless of whether it has just consumed a high starch meal or been fasted for a day is a good example of the phenomenon known as homeostasis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4. T F Feeding bovine somatotropin to dairy cows increases milk production about 10-15% because it stimulates somatostatin, which in turn stimulates feed intake and therefore milk synthesis. |
|
Definition
| False--bST is injected not fed, and mechanism given to increase milk yield is all wrong. Somatostatin is not the mediator of the response, and bST does not increase milk synthesis because of increased feed intake (if anything it is the other way around). |
|
|
Term
| The phenomenon of sending copious amounts of nutrients to the mammary glands even when nutrient intake is not adequate to meet the combined demands for maintenance plus lactation in a cat with 5 nursing kittens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your horse had a foal 3 months ago. It was healthy and growing well, so you weaned it last week. It has not eaten that well in the last week, but that is to be expected with the postweaning “slump” in growth. If you had taken blood samples, you would find that compared to last week (before weaning), it now has: |
|
Definition
| high somatotropin and low IGF-1 |
|
|
Term
| . For a young growing female elephant, nutrients would be partitioned in which order (with most important first): |
|
Definition
| . maintenance muscle deposition adipose deposition |
|
|
Term
| Which is true regarding leptin: |
|
Definition
it is a protein hormone. b. low concentrations enhance food intake.
c. it acts as a “fuel gauge.” d. it is produced by adipose tissue.
** ALL ARE TRUE |
|
|
Term
| If you force feed a duck grain so it eats more than it wants to eat, much of the extra glucose will be partitioned to: |
|
Definition
| fat accreation in the liver and adipose tissue |
|
|
Term
| The organization in the U.S. that carefully regulates the use of feed additives in animal agriculture. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . Before a feed additive is approved for commercial use, a company must prove two things. One is safety (it is generally recognized as safe). What is the other? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medications are often fed to prevent disease and improve gain. This is because they: |
|
Definition
| decrease the incidence of infections of the digestive and respiratory tracts |
|
|
Term
| Copper sulfate is often included at high levels in the diets of young pigs because: |
|
Definition
| copper sulfate has antimicrobial properties |
|
|
Term
| This feed additive is generally fed to feedlot cattle because it alters rumen fermentation to increase propionate, decrease methane, improve feed efficiency, and decrease the chance of bloat and rumen acidosis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
You feed Paylean (ractopamine) to a pig for several weeks. The pig grows faster and becomes leaner. Why?
a. it doubles the metabolic rate and heat production |
|
Definition
| . it activates the β-adrenergic receptors in muscle and adipose tissue |
|
|
Term
| . Why is ammonium chloride sometimes added to a lamb diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is bentonite sometimes added to feeds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which animal should be dewormed regularly |
|
Definition
| horse, dog and pig(free ranging) |
|
|
Term
| The level of desire for food is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which one of the following components of blood decreases meal size in a pig? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is true regarding the regulation of feed intake in ruminants? |
|
Definition
| . high starch meals increase propionate production, which increases NADH in the liver, and likely causes satiety |
|
|
Term
| An effective way to increase feed intake in a group of chickens in a heated barn during winter: |
|
Definition
| increase the photoperiod to 16 instead of 8 hours light per day |
|
|
Term
| . You eat your breakfast quickly at 7 AM because you have an 8:00 class. Sometimes you eat pancakes and syrup (no butter), and sometimes bacon and eggs. Either way you eat 800 kcal. You notice that you are hungry at 10:00 when you eat the pancakes but not until 12:00 when you eat the bacon and eggs. Why might this happen? |
|
Definition
| the pancakes digest quickly, causing a big spike in insulin, which clears the absorbed glucose from blood |
|
|
Term
| . You were so focused on studying for the last two days that you forgot to feed your dog. You feed him as much as he wants after the exam and he gulps down about three times his normal meal in 45 seconds and then quits even though there is still food in the pan. Why? |
|
Definition
| . his stomach was full and the stretch receptors signaling satiety |
|
|
Term
| might a thin hippopotamus eat more than a fat hippopotamus of equal ideal body size. |
|
Definition
| . the thin hippo is less responsive to its hepatic oxidation state |
|
|
Term
| A bear increases its food intake as it prepares for winter hibernation. How can this be explained? |
|
Definition
| its metabolic set point is elevated |
|
|
Term
| You have always wanted a pot-bellied pig as a pet but your mom said no. After graduation, you find a good job and your own home. And then the pig on Craigslist. But he has more than just a pot-belly—this pig is fat, really fat. What can you do to effectively help him lose some body fat? |
|
Definition
| feed regular pig chow at restricted intake |
|
|
Term
| You have a ewe 1 week before lambing. She becomes ketotic and then stops eating. What feedback mechanism of intake regulation might explain this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To maximize feed efficiency and profits in a growing pig, usually you want the animal to eat enough to meet its: |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Upon reaching a body weight of 2 kg, the birds in our project for lean growth compared to those fed for rapid growth likely had: |
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Definition
| lower leptin concentrations in blood |
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Term
| This body part is the most important determinant of how much an animal eats. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which feedback signal system is likely the major controller of voluntary feed intake in a lactating goat eating a diet of mostly poor quality (high fiber, low digestibility) grass? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one of the following components of blood does not have a major physiological impact on appetite and intake of a meal in a pig: |
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Definition
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Term
| You have inherited your eccentric grandmother’s emu. He is old and thin. You want him to gain some weight. Which feeding strategy just might work? |
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Definition
add fat to his diet b. feed a diet low in fiber c. feed several times a day
** ALL OF THESE |
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Term
| This health problem likely will develop if an adult cat is fed so that it can eat to its metabolic setpoint for a year. |
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Definition
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Term
| One viable theory of intake regulation is that animals eat to minimize their level of: |
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Definition
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Term
| You have a dog. You were feeding it a high energy dog food, but switched to a high fiber low energy dog food. He eats more. Why? |
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Definition
| it takes more total food to meet his energy needs |
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