Term
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Definition
FOOD SOURCES:
Pork
Sunflower Seeds
Legumes |
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Term
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Definition
FUNCTION:
Carb, branch-chain AA and pentose metabolism
Synthesis of Ach
Helps with RNA synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| In jejunum by a carrier-mediated system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Poorly stored in liver and muscle. Much excess is excreted in urine. |
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Term
|
Definition
Men = 1.2 mg/day
Women = 1.1 mg/day |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Beriberi
Wernicke-Korsakoff |
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Term
| Thiamin deficiency that causes peripheral neuropathy within 7 days of deficiency. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Weakness
Nerve degeneration
Irritability
Poor arm/leg coordination |
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Term
|
Definition
edema
enlarged heart
heart failure |
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Term
| Thiamin deficiency prevalent in alcoholics |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff |
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Definition
Involuntary eye movement
Blurred vision
Staggering
Poor muscle coordination
Mental Confusion
"Drunken Stupor" |
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Term
| Food sources of Riboflavin |
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Definition
FOOD SOURCES:
Milk
Eggs
Enriched grains/meat |
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Term
| Factor that breaks down riboflavin in food rapidly. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
FUNCTIONS:
Energy metabolism
Antioxidant
Activation of Folate, Niacin, B-6 and Vit. K |
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Term
|
Definition
| HCl in stomach releases riboflavin from bound form. |
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Term
|
Definition
Increases with intake
Low intake: Active or facilitated transport
High intake: passive absorption |
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Term
|
Definition
| Via protein carrier in blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| Small amount stored in liver, excess is excreted. |
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Term
|
Definition
Men = 1.3 mg/day
Women = 1.1 mg/day |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| At risk for Riboflavin deficiency |
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Definition
Alcoholics
Drug users
Avoidance of milk-products |
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Term
| Consequences of Ariboflavinosis |
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Definition
Glossitis
Cheilosis
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Stomatitis
Eye disorder
Throat Disorder
Nervous System Disorders |
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Term
|
Definition
FOOD SOURCES:
Poultry
Meat
Fish
Mushrooms
Enriched Grains |
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Term
|
Definition
Nicotinic Acid
Nicotinamide |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
FUNCTIONS:
Participate in at least 200 reactions
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
ETS
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Fatty Acid Synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
| In stomach and SI via active transport and passive diffusion. Almost all is absorbed, but bioavailability effects use. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Transported from liver to all tissues where it is converted to coenzymes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| No storage, excess is excreted in urine. |
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Term
|
Definition
Men = 16 mg/day
Women = 14 mg/day |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Diarrhea
Dementia
Dermatitis (Pellagra) |
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Term
| Only dietary deficiency disease that reached epidemic proportions in US. Can occur within 50-60 days and prevented with adequate protein diet. |
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Definition
| Pellagra : Niacin deficiency |
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Term
|
Definition
Flushing of Skin (Niacin flush)
Itching
Nausea
Liver Damage |
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Term
| Food Sources of Pantothenic Acid |
|
Definition
FOOD SOURCES:
Meat
Milk
Vegetables |
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Term
| Functions of Pantothenic Acid |
|
Definition
FUNCTIONS:
Aid metabolism
Donate Fatty Acids to proteins
Fatty Acid elongation |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
Pantothenic Acid
Adequate Intake |
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Definition
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|
Term
Pantothenic Acid
Daily Value |
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Definition
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Term
| Pantothenic Acid deficiency |
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Definition
RARE:
Burning foot syndrome
Listlessness
fatigue
headache
sleep disturbance
nausea
abdominal distress |
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Term
| Absorption of Pantothenic Acid |
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Definition
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Term
| Storage of Pantothenic Acid |
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Definition
| Minimal amounts as CoA in liver. |
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Term
|
Definition
FOOD SOURCES:
Cauliflower
Egg yolk
Liver
Peanuts
Cheese
*Also synthesized in colon. |
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Term
|
Definition
FUNCTIONS:
Add CO2 to carboxylase reactions
Allow amino acid breakdown |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Small amounts are stored in liver, brain and muscles. Excess is excreted via bile and urine. |
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Term
|
Definition
RARE;
Caused by lack of biotinase and excessive raw egg consumption.
Also at risk are alcoholics and those using anticonvulsants |
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Term
| Biotin deficiency symptoms |
|
Definition
Skin rash
Hair Loss
convulsions
neurological disorders
impaired growth in kids |
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Term
|
Definition
FOOD SOURCES:
Meat
Fish
Poultry
Potatoes
Fortified cereals |
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Term
|
Definition
Women = 1.3 mg/day
Men = 1.7 mg/day |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
100 mg/day
(can cause permanent nerve damage) |
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Term
|
Definition
FUNCTIONS:
Make hemoglobin
Metabolism
Synthesis
Enzymatic reactions
Helps make Niacin
Immune Function |
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Term
|
Definition
RARE:
Anemia
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Convulsion
Depression
Confusion
Nerve Damage
Decreased immune response
Increased homocysteine
Coronary Artery disease |
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Term
| At risk for B-6 deficiency |
|
Definition
Alcoholics
Anemics
medication reactions |
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Term
| Pharmacological uses for B-6 |
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Definition
Carpal tunnel
PMS
Nausea during pregnancy |
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Term
|
Definition
| passive, phosphorylated in liver, bound to albumin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Liver and muscle, excreted in urine. |
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Term
|
Definition
FOOD SOURCES:
Liver
Legumes
Leafy greens |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Dietary Folate Equivalents |
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Term
|
Definition
| [(Total synthetic folate) x 1.7] + total folate intake in food |
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Term
| OTC limit of folate for adults |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| OTC folate limit for pregnancy |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Factors that affect folate sensitivity |
|
Definition
| Heat, oxidation and UV light |
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Term
|
Definition
As monoglutamate with help of folate conjugase.
Absorption increases with intake:
Low intake = active absorption
High intake = passive absorption |
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Term
|
Definition
| Via portal vein to liver where it is converted to polyglutamate form. |
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Term
|
Definition
THFA involved in DNA synthesis
Amino Acid metabolism
Neurotransmitter Synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
Megaloblastic anemia
Neural Tube defect |
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Term
|
Definition
| In liver and excess excreted in feces and urine. |
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Term
|
Definition
60 mg tryptophan =1 mg niacin
1 gr of protein = 10 mg tryptophan |
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