Term
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Definition
FOOD SOURCE:
Animal products |
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Term
| Factor that affects B-12 sensitivity |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin that contains Cobalt |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| B-12 thru digestive system |
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Definition
- Mouth: Salivary glands produce R-protein
- Stomach: HCl and pepsin release B-12 that is bound to protein in foods. Free B-12 binds with R-protein. Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor.
- SI: Trypsin releases B-12 from R-protein. B-12 links to intrinsic factor
- Ileum: B-12/intrinsic factor absorbed and binds to transcobalaminII
- Liver: B-12 is stored
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Term
| Can interfere with B-12 absorption |
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Definition
- Absence or defective R-protein, intrinsic factor and proteases.
- Poor binding of B-12 in digestion process.
- Absence of ileum or stomach.
- Bacterial overgrowth of SI
- Tapeworm
- Anti-ulcer meds
- Chronic malabsorption syndromes.
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Term
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Definition
FUNCTIONS
- Formation of methionine from homocysteine
- Enzyme methylmalonyl mutase needed for fatty acid metabolism.
- Folate metabolism
- Oxidation of fatty acids.
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Term
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Definition
Macrocytic Anemia
Pernicious anemia
Homocysteine
Looks like folate deficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| Linked to increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease. |
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Term
| Symptoms of Pernicious anemia |
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Definition
Nerve degeneration
Weakness
Tingling/numbness in extremeties
Paralysis
Death |
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Term
| At risk for B-12 deficiency |
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Definition
Older adults
Infants of vegan moms
Vegans (many years)
Malabsorptive diseases |
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Term
| Treatment for B-12 deficiency |
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Definition
Injections
Nasal gel
Oral doses |
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Term
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Definition
FOOD SOURCES:
Milk, liver, eggs, peanuts in the form of lecithin. |
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Term
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Definition
men = 550 mg/day
women = 425 mg/day |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Conditionally essential vitamin that is made by the body and present in all tissues. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| In SI by transport proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Excess choline is converted to betaine. Some is excreted in urine. |
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Term
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Definition
FUNCTIONS:
Phospholipids
Lipoproteins
Cell membranes
Pre-cursor to Ach
Export of VLDL from liver
Assists in conversion of homocystein to methionine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Food sources of Vitamin C |
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Definition
FOOD SOURCES:
Citrus
Peppers
Green Veggies |
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Term
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Definition
Men = 90 mg/day
Women = 75 mg/day
Add 35 mg/day for smokers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Ascorbic Acid
Dehydroascorbic Acid |
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Term
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Definition
Using active transport, facilitated diffusion and passive diffusion.
Efficiency decreases as intake increases. |
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Term
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Definition
| High content is stored in pituitary gland and adrenal gland, WBC's, eyes and brain. |
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Term
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Definition
FUNCTIONS:
Reducing Agent
Collagen synthesis
Antioxidant
Iron absorption
Biosynthesis
Immune functions |
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Term
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Definition
Scurvy
20-40 days deficient |
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Term
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Definition
Fatigue
Pinpoint hemorrhages
Bleeding gums and joints
Poor wound healing
Bone pain and fractures
Diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
Smokers
Impoverished
Infants fed boiled milk
Alcoholics
Drug addicts
Poor diet |
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