Term
| People Most at Risk of Malnutrition: (5) |
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Definition
Chronically ill
Elderly
Hospitalized
Children
Those living in poverty |
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Term
| Nutrition Assessment Process: |
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Definition
Phase 1: Nutritional Screening
Phase 2: Nutrition Assessment |
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Term
NAB-PCC
What does this stand for? |
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Definition
Food / Nutrition Related History
Anthropometric and Body Composition Measurements
Biochemical Data, Medical Tests and Procedures
Nutrition Focused Physical Findings
Client History
Comparative Standards (estimated nutrient needs) |
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Term
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Definition
| Nickles are made of nippleS |
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Term
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Definition
The physical measurements of an individual used in comparison to standards, or to the individual’s prior measurements, to assess the growth and/or development of that individual
“Serial” data critical for assessment |
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Term
| Potential Uses of Anthropometric Measures (3) |
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Definition
To compare a patient’s status to an appropriate, healthy population reference
Repeated measures over time allow documentation of changes in body composition, …response to disease or nutrition therapy
Can indicate if a client is at risk of having or developing certain complications, conditions or diseases:
Undernutrition is associated with infection, sepsis, wound breakdown and cardiac arrhythmias
Overnutrition is associated with HTN, CAD |
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Term
| Good ol' Body Mass Index: What is underweight, normal weight, overweight? |
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Definition
weight (kg) ÷ height (m)2
Below 18.5 = Underweight
18.5–24.9 = Normal weight
25.0–29.9 = Overweight
30.0 and Above = Obese
Children > 2 are evaluated in percentiles on a growth chart until age 20 |
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Term
| Methods, Strengths and Limitations of using a food diary with a patient: |
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Definition
Prospective review
Not reliant on memory
Most accurate if recorded within 20 minutes of eating
Usually kept for 3 – 7 days
Patient may eat differently or over / under report
Dependent on patients ability to work with numbers and fractions
High client burden |
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Term
| Methods, Strengths and Limitations of Food Frequency Questionnaire, 24 Hour Recall and “Typical Day”: |
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Definition
Retrospective review
Can be skewed by patients memory
Under-reporting and over-reporting is common
Low client burden
Interviewer variability
FFQ – reflects usual intake
FFQ – not meal based so can be abstract
24 hour recall – can be an “atypical day” |
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Term
| Weight as a strong predictor of nutritional status: |
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Definition
Reflects recent nutritional intake
Risk can be measured via Body Mass Index (BMI), Usual Weight and Actual Weight |
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Term
| What would be considered "severe weight loss?" |
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Definition
>5% loss in 1 month
>7.5% loss in 3 months
>10% loss in 6 months |
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Term
| FOOD definition: Lol food |
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Definition
| Any substance that is eaten or otherwise taken into the body to sustain physiological life, provide energy and promote nutrition |
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Term
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Definition
| Body weight without body fat |
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Term
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Definition
| The sum of biochemical and physiological processes concerned with the growth, maintenance, and repair of the living body as a whole, or of its constituent organs |
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Term
| How does hydrostatic weight work? |
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Definition
when an object is submerged in water, difference between weight in air and weight under water equals weight of the water displaced.
Weight of water displaced divided by density of water equals body volume.
A person’s “regular” weight is compared with underwater weight
Fat is more buoyant than lean tissue |
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Term
| What are the drawbacks of hydrostatic weighting? |
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Definition
Time consuming
Not feasible to test large number of people
Requires measurement of residual lung volume
Difficult to perform on the aquaphobic |
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Term
| A nutrient is any substance in food that the body can use to either |
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Definition
obtain energy
synthesize tissues or
regulate body processes |
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Term
| How does Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) work? |
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Definition
Uses low-dose beams of X-ray energy
Measures fat mass, fat distribution pattern, and bone density |
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Term
| PHYTOCHEMICALS: becoming a required nutrient group? (list some and what they do for the body) |
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Definition
LUTEIN: Promotes eye health.
Found in: kale, spinach, turnip greens, collard greens, romaine lettuce, and broccoli.
LYCOPENE: Destroys harmful free radicals and may lower risk of prostate cancer.
Found in: tomatoes, guava, apricots, watermelon, papaya, and pink grapefruit.
RESVERATROL: Promotes heart health and raises levels of good (HDL) cholesterol.
Found in: wine, grapes, peanuts.
CATECHINS: May help fight Alzheimer's disease by protecting brain cells.
Found in: tea, chocolate, red wine, apples, and berries.
FLAVONOLS: Mild anti-inflammatory effect, may help rheumatoid arthritis.
Found in: citrus fruits, berries, parsley, tea, red wine, and dark chocolate. |
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Term
| How does bioelectrical impedance work? What major drawback does it have? |
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Definition
A low level electrical current is passed through the body and the resistance (opposition to the flow) is measured using the BIA analyzer
Its accuracy is questionable |
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Term
| Kcal/g for each macronutrients: |
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Definition
Carbohydrates…4 kcal/g
Lipids…9 kcal/g
Protein…5 kcal/g; what energy is provided to tissues is discounted to 4 kcal/g due to urea synthesis
Alcohol…7kcal/g |
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Term
| Calorie defined: (wanted to make sure you knew this too?) |
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Definition
| 1 calorie is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1g water by 1oC. |
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Term
| Basal Metabolism (basal metabolic rate, BMR: How much energy is used by BMR? |
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Definition
2/3 of energy expenditure
Supports the basic processes of life |
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Term
Thermic effect of food (TEF)
How much energy do we use on TEF? |
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Definition
TEF is estimated at 10% of total energy intake and involves digestion and absorption.
Carbohydrate 5-10%
Fat 0-5%
Protein 20-30%
Alcohol 15-20% |
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Term
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Definition
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of nutrient-based reference values
Developed from concepts used for the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and the Recommended Nutrient Intakes of Canada (RNIs)
RDAs published by National Academy of Sciences since 1941 |
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Term
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Definition
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
Adequate Intake (AI)
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) |
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Term
| Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) |
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Definition
| The average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group |
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Term
| Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) |
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Definition
The average daily dietary nutrient intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
Most RDAs set as Estimated Average Requirement + 2 SD |
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Term
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Definition
The recommended average daily intake level based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate
Used when an RDA cannot be determined (data are inadequate) |
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Term
| Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) |
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Definition
The highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.
As intake increases above the UL, the risk of adverse effects increases |
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Term
| Ideal Process for Establishing an RDA (4) |
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Definition
Select healthy, representative sample of population
Determine Estimated Average Requirement
Assess range of individual variability
Calculate allowances to cover needs of nearly all healthy individuals
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) = EAR + 2 SD |
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Term
| How do skinfold calipers work to measure fat percentage? |
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Definition
Uses calipers to measure the thickness of a double fold of skin
Assumes that measurements of subcutaneous fat at various sites can be used to estimate total body fat
Equations are derived from direct measures of body composition and indirect measures of body density (underwater weighing)
This is a very widely used method with roughly 3.5% error (considered to be a somewhat large margin of error) |
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Term
CHRISTINE, GIYGAS HAS YOU
O.O
\/\/\/
/\/\/\ |
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Definition
| YOU CANNOT GRASP THE TRUE FORM OF GIYGAS'S ATTACK |
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Term
| Mindfuck if you didn't already know: |
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Definition
GIYGAS'S THIRD FORM IS A FETUS, LOOK!
Don't look at the red, look at the black in between the red!
http://desmond.imageshack.us/Himg24/scaled.php?server=24&filename=giygas.jpg&res=medium
http://t3ak.roblox.com/0c95e238b5b396fb97f4923924896f55 |
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Term
| What body fat percentages are essential, athletic, fit, acceptable, and obese? for men and women? |
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Definition
Essential
Men: 2-4% Women 10-12%
Athletic
Men 6-13 Women 14-20
Fit
Men 14-17 Women 21-24
Acceptable
Men 18-25 Women 25-31
Obese
Men 25+ Women 32+ |
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Term
| Waist circumference at which there is an increased relative risk for CVD, HTN, Type 2 DM, especially if BMI > 25 is defined as |
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Definition
Men: >102 cm (>40 in.)
Women: >88 cm (>35 in.) |
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Term
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Definition
Resting Energy Expenditure
Resting Metabolic Rate |
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Term
| Methods of Determination of Calorie Needs (5) |
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Definition
Direct Calorimetry
Whole room calorimeters – not commonly done
Indirect Calorimetry
Metabolic Cart / respirator gas exchange
Predictive Equations
Harris Benedict
Mifflin St. Jeor
Kcal / kg |
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Term
| What four injury factors are there that can affect metabolic rate? |
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Definition
Factor & its caloric multiplier
Surgeries – 1-1.3
Infection – 1-1.8
Trauma – 1.2-1.8
Burns – 1.2-2.0 |
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Term
| What are the AMDRs for proteins, fats, and carbs? |
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Definition
45-65% Carbohydrates
20-35% Fat
10-35% Protein |
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Term
| Two methods for roughly assessing fluid requirements |
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Definition
30 – 35 ml / kg
1 ml / kcal (RDA Method) |
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Term
| What is the formula for estimating protein needs in an adult? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The DNA that makes up an individual’s genes |
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Term
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Definition
| All of the proteins—the products of gene expression—that are produced under specific conditions in a person. |
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Term
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Definition
| All of the metabolites in the body under specific dietary and physiological conditions |
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Term
| How many nucleotides does the human genome have? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A single nucleotide polymorphism. A variation affects only one genetic letter. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the effects of foods and food constituents on gene expression in individuals. [This makes it possible to develop personalized nutrition prescriptions] |
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Term
| T/F the majority of adults in the world are lactose intolerant. |
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Definition
True (according to the teacher, so if she asks it's true)
BUT IT'S NOT! Lactase is an inducible enzyme, and studies showing that most adults are lactose intolerant did not allow people to get used to digesting lactose before dosing them with it. If the hemp oil doesn't work out, maybe you can do this ^ lol : D |
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Term
| What is the current best way to assess genetic interaction with nutrition? |
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Definition
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Term
| What client history deals with assessing health? |
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Definition
• Patient/client or family disease states, conditions, and illnesses that may have nutritional impact.
• Treatments/therapy/complementary/alternative medicine
• Medical treatment/therapy
• Surgical treatment |
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Term
| What personal data fits under client history in NABPCC? (10 -- probably more important that we can recognize these rather than list them) |
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Definition
• Age
• Gender
• Race/Ethnicity
• Language
• Literacy factors
• Education
• Role in family
• Tobacco use
• Physical disability
• Mobility |
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Term
| What client history socioecenomic factors are there? (9) |
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Definition
• Socioeconomic factors
• Living/housing situation
• Domestic issues
• Social and medical support
• Geographic location of home
• Occupation
• Religion
• History of recent crisis
• Daily stress level |
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Term
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Definition
A process used to identify clients or groups who are at risk for developing nutritional problems and who may require nutrition intervention.
Common risk categories are low, moderate, and high nutritional risk |
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Term
| Food/Nutrition Related History (6) |
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Definition
Food and Nutrient Intake
Medication and Herbal Supplement Use
Knowledge/Beliefs/Attitudes
Factors Affecting Access to Food and
Food/Nutrition Related Supplies
Physical Activity |
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Term
| Biochemical Data, Medical Tests and Procedures (2ish) |
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Definition
Information about nutritional status obtained from examination of body tissues, fluids and wastes.
Used to confirm an assessment based on anthropometric, clinical and dietary status
Again…Serial data more relevant to identify individual’s progress or decline
Serum
Plasma
Erythrocytes - red blood cells
Leukocytes – white blood cells
Other tissues: such as biopsy samples
Urine
Feces
Saliva
Hair |
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Term
| Nutrition Focused Physical Findings |
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Definition
Direct observation of the client’s:
Overall appearance
Body language
Organ function (heart, lungs, eyes, skin, digestive system, muscles and bones)
Vital signs (blood pressure, temperature, grip strength, reflexes…)
Nerves and cognition |
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Term
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Definition
Personal information related to age, gender, race, language spoken
Medical history and family medical history including diagnoses, medical procedures, treatment modalities
Social history including SES information, living situation, occupation, daily stresses |
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Term
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Definition
Estimated energy needs
Macro and Micro nutrient needs
Fluid needs
Weight and growth recommendations |
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Term
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Definition
| is a valuable way to assess changes in weight status in the ill or malnourished patient |
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Term
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Definition
Men: 106 pounds for the first 60” (5 feet) and 6 pounds per inch thereafter + 10%
Women: 100 lbs for the first 60” and 5 pounds per inch thereafter + 10% |
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Term
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Definition
Nutrigenetics refers to the interaction among genes, diet and lifestyle.
Individuals may inherit genes (or gene variants) that may put them at higher risk of negative health consequences.
Genetic makeup is fixed at birth
Making changes in diet and lifestyle in response to genetic makeup will help reduce risk of certain diseases. |
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