All of the fllwing are mild symptoms of dehydration except

thrist

fatigue

weakness

spastic muscles

Which of the fllwing is present in highest concentration in soft water?

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Phosphorus

Among the fllwing, which promotes constriction of blood vessels resulting in elevation of blood pressure?

Phytates

Angiotensin

Aldosterone

Carbonic Acid

Factors that are effective in regulating the body's water balance include all of the fllwing except

adrenaline

aldosterone

angiotensin

antidiuretic hormone

All of the fllwing are properties of electrolytes except they

attract water

are charged particles

carry electrical current

include fat/water soluble particles

All of the fllwing play important roles in acid-base balance except

the liver

the lungs

the kidneys

blood buffers

All of the fllwing are characteristics of cholride in nutrition exept

Which of the fllwing is the primary function of potassium?

Which of the fllwing is a symptom of potassium deficiency?

Extreme thirst

Muscle weakness

Profound sweating

Lowered blood pressure

As far as is known, which of the fllwing is not a process that directly involves calcium?

pH regulation

Blood clotting

Nerve transmition

Maintenance of heart beat

Which of the fllwing regulates the level of calcium in the blood?

Dietary intake calcium

Glucagon & epinephrine

Dietary intake phosphorus

Parathyroid hormone & calcitonin

Which of the fllwing represents the least likely cause for an abnormal blood calcium level?

Diseases of the liver

Diseases of the kidney

Insufficient dietary intake

Altered secretion of parathyroid hormone

Which of the fllwing foods are significant sources of oxalates?

Seeds and nuts

Processed cheeses

Fermented dairy products

Spinach and sweet potatoes

All of the fllwing dietary substances are known to adversly affect calcium balance except

a high fiber diet

lactose in diet

phytic acid in the diet

phosphorus in the diet 3 times of calcium

On a per kcalorie basis, which of the fllwing are the best sources of calcium?

Meats

Fruits

Breads

Vegetables

Which of the fllwing minerals is involved in the transportation of lipids through the body's lymph and blood systems?

Iron, Sodium, Calcium, Phosphorus

Which of the fllwing is a major function of magnesium?

Transport of oxygen

Prevention of anemia

Catalyst in energy metabolism

Production of thyroid hormone

Magnesium is known to be involved in all of the fllwing except

blood clotting

msle contraction

prevention of dental caries

production of red blood cells

Some amino acids can link to each other by bridges made of

All of the fllwing are known to have a high correlation with risk for osteoporosis except

being thing

being female

having anorexia nervosa

consuming a high-protein diet

Which of the fllwing is a protein that carries iron through the circulation to the tissues?

Albumin

Transferrin

Hemosiderin

Metallothionein

All of the fllwing factors are known to enhance the absorption of iron except

MFP factor

organic acids

ascorbic acid

calcium from milk

All of the fllwing are body proteins directly involved in iron metabolism except

ferritin

transferrin

hemosiderin

metallothionein

When calculating the amt. of iron absorbed from a meal, all of the fllwing are of major importance except

EDTA content

phytate content

vitamin C content

MFP factor content

All of the fllwing are chief storage sites for surplus iron except the

liver

spleen

muscle

bone marrow

The most common tests to diagnose iron deficiency include all of the fllwing measures except

size of red blood cells

number of red blood cells

DNA content of red blood cells

hemoglobin content of red blood cells

Common terms that describe the body's accumulation of excess iron include all of the fllwing except

iron overload

hemosiderosis

hemoglobinemia

hemochromatosis

In the US, iron is currently added to which of the fllwing foods?

Milk + Cheese

Breads + Cereals

PB + J

OJ + Tomato Juice

Which of the fllwing is a common side effect from taking iron supplements?

Itching

Diarrhea

Constipation

Black Tongue

Which of the fllwing would represent a source of possible iron contamination?

An iron frypan

An iron chelate

A ferric iron supplement

A ferrous iron supplement

Which of the fllwing defines an association between a protein and a function of zinc?

Thryoxine: zinc transporter

Globulin: transports zinc into cells

Transferrin: essential to zinc excretion

Metallothionein: promotes zinc homeostasis

Zinc is known to play an important role in all of the fllwing functions except

wound healing

synthesis of retinal

production of sperm

oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Which of the fllwing conditions is known to lead to copper deficiency?

excess zinc

excess protein

insufficient iodine

insufficient calcium

All of the fllwing are recognized symptoms of zinc deficiency except

anemia

altered taste acuity

impaired vision in dim light

increased susceptibility to infection

Which of the fllwing represents the most reliable dietary source of zinc?

nuts and oils

milk and yogurt

fruits and vegetables

meats and whole-grain cereals

Which of the fllwing would be the most appropriate food source of iodine for a person who lives inland?

Fresh water fish

Iodized table salt

Locally grown produce

Plants of the cabbage family

Which of the fllwing fruits are known to contain substances that inhibit the functioning of the thyroid gland?

Apples/Pears

Lemons/Limes

Avocados/Mangos

Peaches/Strawberries

Which of the fllwing is a prominent feature of mild iodine deficiency in children?

Demineralization

Growth retardation

Discoloration of teeth

Poor performance in school

Which of the fllwing is an important function of selenium?

Helps blood to clot

Inhibits the formation of free radicals

Stabilizes the alcohol content of beer

Acts as a cross-linking agent in collagen

All of the fllwing are characteristics of copper in nutrition except

deficiancy is rare

legumes are a rich source

absorption from foods is poor

absorption is reduced by ingestion of zinc supplements

Which of the fllwing meats would be the best source of copper?

Chicken

Shellfish

Beefsteak

Hamburger

Which of the fllwing is known to cause discolored enamel of the teeth?

Which of the fllwing trace minerals is known to be involved in bone development?

Tin

Cobalt

Silicon

Barium

Evidence to date in animals and/or human beings suggests that normal bone metabolism requires all of the fllwing trace minerals except

boron, silver, silicon, vanadium

All of the fllwing are considered heavy metals except

iron

lead

mercury

cadmium

Which of the fllwing is a rich source of phytoestrogens?

Potatoes

Soybeans

Cold-water fish

Green, leafy vegetables

All of the fllwing are classified as phytonutrients except

lutein

lignans

hepcidin

phytosterols

The components of fitness include all of the fllwing except

strength

flexibility

bone fragility

cardiovasucular endurance

Which of the fllwing components of training define the progressive overload principle?

intensity only

frequency only

frequency and flexibility only

intensity, frequency and duration only

Which of the fllwing best exemplifies an activity that promotes flexibility?

Yoga

Pilates

Weight Lifting

Jumping Rope

Which of the fllwing activities depletes glycogen most quickly?

Hiking

Jogging

Walking

Quarter-mile run

Which of the fllwing is a common product of anaerobic metabolism?

Lactate

Phytate

Phosphoric acid

Hydrochloric acid

Which of the fllwing diets promotes superior physical performance in athletes?

High-fat diet

High-protein diet

High-carbohydrate diet

Normal mixed diet with vitamin supplements

Which of the fllwing would be the best choice for physically active people who need to rehydrate?

"Sweat" replacers

Salt tablets and tap water

Diluted juice or cool water

Water warmed to body temperature

The most important organs of the immune system include all of the fllwing except

spleen

muscle

lymph nodes

thymus gland

Presently, HIV is known to be transmitted by direct contact with contaminated body fluids from all of the fllwing sources except

saliva

blood

semen

vaginal secretions

The diseases most common today include all of the following except

cancer

diabetes

tuberculosis

heart disease

Being obese is known to increase the probabilities of contracting all of the fllwing diseases except

cancer

diabetes

kwashiorkor

hypertension

Which of the fllwing may be classified as a risk factor for coronary heart disease?

BMI of 26

Low LDL-cholesterol levels

High HDL-cholesterol levels

High C-reactive protein levels

Which of the fllwing blood pressure readings first signifies a diagnosis of hypertension?

110 over 50

120 over 70

130 over 80

140 over 90

Direct contributors to the metabolic syndrome include all of the fllwing except

obesity

hypertension

insulin resistance

high sodium intake

Among the fllwing, which should be the first action taken to lower blood cholesterol?

begin drug treatment

consume a high-protein diet

consume lg. amount of fish and fish oils

achieve and maintain appropriate body weight

Which of the fllwing is not among the recommendations by health professionals to treat hypertension?

increase fiber intake

eat foods high in potassium

if overweight, reduce weight

decrease intake of dairy products to avoid sodium

Insulin stimulates the actions of all the following metabolic activities except

fat release

glucose uptake

protein synthesis

glycogen synthesis

In which of the fllwing conditions would the pancreas be unable to synthesize insulin?

Hyperglycemia

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Adult-onset diabetes mellitus

Diabetes is known to lead to all of the fllwing except

impaired vision

impaired circulation

increased resistance to infection

increased loss of water via the urine

Practices that are believed to help protect against cancer include all of the fllwing except

decreasing salt intake

decreasing alcohol intake

avoiding charbroiled meats

consumption of cruciferous vegetables

Which of the fllwing is not among the recommendations issued by health professionals to reduce cancer risks?

limit intake of red meats

moderate, if any, intake of alcohol

increase intake of foods high in iron

eat at least 5 servings a day of veges and fruits

Which of the fllwing practices is not believed to be protective for all of the fllwing: heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer?

consuming fiber-rich foods, drinking alcohol only in moderation, engaging in regular physical exercise, consuming fat within the range of 20-35% of total energy