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NUTRITION
NUTRITION CHAPTER 3
28
Dentistry
Undergraduate 1
01/24/2014

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Term
ANTICARIOGENIC
Definition
•REDUCING THE RISK OF CARIES BY PREVENTING PLAQUE FROM RECOGNIZING A CARIOGENIC FOOD
Term
CARIOGENIC
Definition
•FERMENTABLE CARB THAT CAUSES A REDUCTION OF SALIVARY PH TO LESS THAN 5.5
Term
CARIOSTATIC
Definition
•CARIES-INHIBITING
•NOT METABOLIZED BY MICROORGANISMS IN PLAQUE BIOFILM
Term
COMPLEX CARBS
Definition
•SAME AS POLYSACCHARIDES
Term
DEXTRINS
Definition
•INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS OF THE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES ON STARCH MOLECULES
•LONG GLUCOSE CHAINS SPLIT INTO SMALLER ONES
Term
DIETARY FIBER
Definition
•SEVERAL DIFFERENT TYPES OF NONDIGESTIBLE CARBS AND LIGNIN INTRINSIC AND INTACT IN PLANTS
Term
DISACCHARIDES
Definition
•DOUBLE SUGARS (2 SIMPLE SUGARS JOINED TOGETHER) CONTAINING 12 CARBON ATOMS
Term
FERMENTABLE CARB
Definition
•CARBS THAT CAN BE METABOLIZED BY BACTERIA IN PLAQUE BIOFILM TO DECREASE THE PH TO A LEVEL WHERE DEMINERALIZATION OCCURS
•INCLUDES ALL SUGARS AND COOKED OR PROCESSED STARCHES
Term
FUNCTIONAL FIBER
Definition
•ISOLATED, NONDIGESTIBLE CARBS THAT HAVE BENEFICIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN HUMANS
Term
GLYCOGEN
Definition
•CARBOHYDRATE STORAGE FORM OF ENERGY IN HUMANS
Term
HYPERGLYCEMIA
Definition
•ELEVATED BLOOD SUGAR
Term
HYPOGLYCEMIA
Definition
•LOW BLOOD SUGAR (LESS THAT 70MG/DL)
Term
KETONES
Definition
•NORMAL PRODUCTS OF LIPID METABOLISM IN THE LIVER
•CAN BE USED BY MUSCLES FOR ENERGY IF ADEQUATE AMOUNTS OF GLUCOSE ARE AVAILABLE
Term
LIPOGENESIS
Definition
•PROCESS OF CONVERTING GLUCOSE TO FATS
Term
MONOSACCHARIDES
Definition
•SIMPLE SUGARS CONTAINING 2-6 CARBON ATOMS
Term
NONDIGESTIBLE
Definition
Term
NEAA
Definition
•NONESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
•AMINO ACIDS ESSENTIAL TO THE BODY, BUT ARE NOT REQUIRED IN THE DIET
Term
PHENYLKETONURIA
Definition
•GENETIC DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY INABILITY TO METABOLIZE THE AMINO ACID PHENYLALANINE
Term
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Definition
•BUILDING UP OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT
•GREEN PLANTS USE CHLOROPHYLL AND ENERGY FROM SUNLIGHT TO PRODUCE CARBS FROM WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE AND TO LIBERATE OXYGEN
Term
PLAQUE BIOFILM
Definition
•WELL ORGANIZED COMMUNITY OF BACTERIA THAT IS EMBEDDED IN A SLIME LAYER AND ADHERES TENACIOUSLY TO TOOTH SURFACES, RESTORATIONS, AND PROSTHETIC APPLIANCES
Term
POLYSACCHARIDES
Definition
•AKA COMPLEX CARBS
•SUGARS CONTAINING MORE THAN 12 CARBON ATOMS
Term
RESIDENT STARCH
Definition
•STARCH THAT RESISTS DIGESTIVE ENZYME ACTION AND REACHES THE COLON
•A STARCH THAT IS ENCASED IN NONDIGESTIBLE PLANT SEED COAT OR MODIFIED BY COOKING OR PROCESSING CAN BE RESISTANT
Term
STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS
Definition
•BACTERIA FOUND IN BIOFILM
Term
SUGAR ALCOHOLS
Definition
•FORMED FROM OR CONVERTED TO SUGAR
•AKA POLYOLS
Term
SYNERGISTIC
Definition
Term
TOTAL FIBER
Definition
•SUM OF DIETARY AND ADDED FIBER
Term
VISCOUS FIBER
Definition
•WATER-SOLUBLE FIBERS, INCLUDING PECTINS, GUMS, PSYLLIUM, MUCILAGES, AND ALGAL POLYSACCHARIDES, WHICH ARE PHYSIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT FOR THEIR GEL-FORMING ABILITY
Term
XYLITOL
Definition
•SUGAR ALCOHOL USED AS A SUGAR SUBSTITUTE
•CONSIDERED A NUTRITIVE SWEETENER BECAUSE IT PROVIDES 4 CALORIES PER GRAM, SIMILAR TO SUGAR
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