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| we obtain nutrients from the enviroment and convert it to a simplified form our cells can use. |
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| substances that provide energy and materials needed for metabolic activites |
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| the proccess by which organisms obtain food and break it down |
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| break down of food molecules into a form cells can use(often into the molecule's building blocks) |
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| Physical break down of food |
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uses ENZYME to break bonds holding food molecules together. - make them tiny so they are soluble
- Able to diffuse easily into our cells, dissolved in H20
- the chemical proccess used to accomplished this
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Definition
- constitute 50% of the diet
- are a source of energy for the body
- are broken down into simply sugars
- complex carbs provide nondigestible materials that increase the amount of roughage
- found in fresh fruits, veggies, and whole grain
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| the form of glucose stored in the body |
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- should consiste of 25% of the diet
- are broken down into amino acid
- 20 amino acids are needed foe cells to synthesize and repair cody tissues
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Definition
| the convertion of most amino acids into other amino acids to meet our needs, but 8 cannot be made and therefore must be consumed |
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- are broken down into 3 fatty acids and a glycerol
- are necessary for the synthesis of call membranes
- found in 2 forms
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| solid at room temperature |
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| liquid at room temperature |
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| chemical elements that organisms need for normal functioning |
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| organic nutrients that often act as coenzymes in reactants |
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| One way gastro-intestinal tract and accessory organs |
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| function in mechanical digestion(grinding) |
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Definition
- function in chemical digestion
- contains amylase(enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates)
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Definition
- structure:muscular tube~10 inches long
- function: carries food to stomach by Peristalsis
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| wave-like muscle contractins that push food down |
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Definition
- Structures:
- muscular sac of multiple layers that contract in alternating directions
- Glands in lining of stomach:
- gastric glands-secrete enzyme pepsin
- hydrochloric acid-very strong acid
- together these allow for chemical deigestion of proteins
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Definition
| (muscle ring) to close each end of the stomach |
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Definition
- mixture of food, stomach acid, and enzymes that moves through the digestive system
- mucous lining to protect stomach tissue
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Definition
- Structures:20 ft. Long and convoluted(having numerous overlapping coils)
- This is the most important digestive organ
- 90% of all digestion occurs here as a result of Pancreatic juice and bile
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Definition
- protease(helps break down protein)
- Lipase(helps break down lipids)
- Amylase(helps break down sugar)
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Definition
- produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
- released into small intestine
- 99% of all nutrient absorbtion into the blood occrs here due to the large surface areas created by intestinal villi on the inner surface
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Definition
| greatly increases the surface area of the intestine |
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