Term
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Definition
| Large complex molecules found in the cells of all living things |
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Term
| What is one key difference between proteins and the other macronutrients? |
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Definition
| Proteins structure is determined by DNA |
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Term
| Amino acids are molecules composed of a central carbon atom connected to four other groups: an acid group, a hydrogen atom, a side chain, and a(an) _______ group |
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Definition
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Term
| What is unique about an essential amino acid |
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Definition
| It must be obtained from the diet to meet physiologic needs |
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Term
| The portion of the amino acid that changes to give each amino acid its unique identity is the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| two amino acids join together |
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Term
| Gene expression is a term used to refer to the process of? |
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Definition
| using a gene in a cell to make a protein |
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Term
| The DNA for making every protein in our bodies is contained in every cell's nucleus. True or false |
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Definition
TRUE
The DNA for making every protein in our bodies is contained in every cell's nucleus. |
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Term
| The term oligopeptide is used to identify a string of how many amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which level of a protein's structure determines its function in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| To protect the proteins in our body tissues make sure |
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Definition
| There are adequate calories from carbohydrates and fats in the diet |
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Term
| The functions of proteins do NOT include |
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Definition
| use as the primary energy source |
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Term
| What kind of proteins are found within the cell membrane that assist in fluid balance |
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Definition
Transport proteins
Facilitated transport |
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Term
| During digestion, where are proteins broken apart by hydrochloric acid |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the enzymes that digest proteins in the small intestine |
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Definition
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Term
| The RDA for protein for sedentary people is |
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Definition
| 0.8 gram per kg body weight |
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Term
| What is the recommended percentage of total energy intake that should come from protein |
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Definition
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Term
| A high protein intake can be harmful because it can |
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Definition
| increase the risk of heart disease |
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Term
| We can absorb more than 90% of the amino acids in soy protein sources. True or False |
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Definition
True
We can absorb more than 90% of the amino acids in soy protein sources. |
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Term
| A highly specialized procedure referred to as _________ is used to determine a persons protein needs |
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Definition
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Term
| A semivegetarian is someone who |
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Definition
| typically excludes or limits red meats |
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Term
| The most common reasons for being vegetarian include |
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Definition
health benefits
ecological benefits
ethical reasons |
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Term
| What is the main nutritional concern associated with a vegan diet |
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Definition
| The possibility of calcium, iron, zinc, and B12, and vitamin D deficiencies |
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Term
| Vegans need to consume _______ from fortified foods or supplements because it is found naturally only in animal foods |
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Definition
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Term
| A balanced vegetarian diet may reduce the risks of what diseases |
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Definition
| Heart diseases, digestion issues and some cancers |
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Term
| During protein synthesis, what is the term given to the amino acid in least supply |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
| What dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by the body |
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Definition
| The DNA inside the nucleus of the cell |
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Term
| The distinctive spiral or pleated sheet of a protein is known as its ___________ structure |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of transferring the amine group form one amino acid to another is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. What is released as a by- product of this process |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following foods is a source of complete protein
broccoli
apple
chicken
whole grain bread |
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Definition
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Term
| Cream stiffens when it is whipped. The change that occurs in the protein is called |
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Definition
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Term
| The process in which messenger RNA (mRNA) copies genetic information from DNA before carrying it to the ribosome is called |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following plant-based foods provides the MOST complete protein
spinach
soy milk
whole-wheat bread
pinto beans |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following chemicals can be made of amino acids, is stored in glands, and is secreted into the bloodstream to regulate body functions |
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Definition
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Term
| The process by which cells use genes to make proteins is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrogen released from the breakdown of proteins |
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Definition
| is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine |
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Term
Willa follows a vegan diet. Which of the following does she eat
egg whites
plain yogurt
whole-grain break dipped in olive oil
gluten-free pancakes with butter and honey |
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Definition
| whole-grain bread dipped in olive oil |
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Term
| As compared to the consumption of the same number of calories in plant proteins, the production of beef releases more |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following foods, when combined provide the amino acids to make a complete protein
tofu and broccoli with almonds
banana and pineapple
spinach and tomatoes
corn tortilla and butter |
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Definition
| tofu and broccoli with almonds |
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Term
| Carlos is a healthy but sedentary college student. He weights 175 pounds. About how many grams of protein should he consume each day |
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Definition
0.8 x kilogram
75 kilograms |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a component of an amino acid molecule |
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Definition
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Term
| The USDA Food Patterns counts 1/3 cup of nuts as equivalent to |
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Definition
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Term
| Cedric consumes mostly fruits, legumes and other vegetables, grains, nuts, and seeds, but he often eats eggs, yogurt, and cheese as well. Once or twice a week, he eats a meal containing meat, poultry, and/or fish. Cedric consumes a |
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Definition
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Term
| It is necessary to eat animal-based proteins to stay healthy |
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Definition
False
It is necessary to eat animal-based proteins to stay healthy |
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Term
| Short-chain fatty acids can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream |
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Definition
True
Short-chain fatty acids can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream |
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Term
| The term "monounsaturated" describes a fatty acid containing one double bond between two carbon atoms along the chain |
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Definition
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Term
| Some Chili Pots Catch P M S |
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Definition
Sodium
Chloride
Potassium
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Sulfur |
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