Term
| In your subjective assessment, what is the primary assessment for nutritional status? |
|
Definition
Height and wieght
20% above or below or a 10% unintentional loss is a concern |
|
|
Term
| A client with a 10% unintentional loss of weight may be related to... |
|
Definition
- cancer -needs energy to grow
- alcoholic
- elderly
- surgery
- traumatic injury
|
|
|
Term
| What are some reasons for loss of appetite? |
|
Definition
- altered smell or taste
- disease state (after surgery)
- sore mouth or tooth pain (always check mouth daily)
- food intolerance and allergies
- dysphagia
- indigestion
|
|
|
Term
| Do burns create a huge nutritional defecit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As part of your subjective assessment, what are some other things besides weight, appetite, food intolerance and allergies, and indigestion, should you ask about? |
|
Definition
- bowel function
- lifestyle
- medications
- family history
- medical history
- diet history
|
|
|
Term
| What are some things you can assess obejectively? |
|
Definition
- alert and responsive
- anthropometric measurements (skin fold measurement, daily weight, midarm circumference, elbow breadth, body frame, wrist circumference)
- posture, muscle tone, skeletal deformities
- VS
- hair
- skin and nails
- oral mucousa
- teeth
- legs and feet
|
|
|
Term
| A decrease in B vitamins will cause a client to have a decrease in mental status. True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cracks in the corners of the mouth |
|
|
Term
| Your client has a wound that is having difficulty healing. What are two things that you can give them to help the healing process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cheilosis, glossitis, and gingivitis can be seen in what area of the body? What vitamin are they deficient in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| While assessing your client you find that his BP is down and his pulse is up. What might that tell you? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your clients BP is elevated. What might that tell you about her fluid intake? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| While assessing the calf of your client, he c/o tenderness, you have already ruled out DVT. What might be the cause? |
|
Definition
| A deficiency in Vitamin B and C |
|
|
Term
| While assessing your client you note edema in the feet and calves. What nutrients might your client be deficient in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Parethesia and ataxia can be caused by a deficiency in what vitamins? |
|
Definition
| Vitamins B1, B6, and B12 (these changes can be permanent) |
|
|
Term
What lab can be drawn to determine a clients protein status? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How many days does it take before a serum albumin can detect a decrease in protein? What about a PAB (pre-albumin)? |
|
Definition
Serum albumin: 14-20 days
PAB: 7 days (sometimes as early as 3 days) |
|
|
Term
The function of albumin in the tissues is to... |
|
Definition
| Albumin is a sponge that attracts fluid from the tissues back to the capillaries |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of transferrin? |
|
Definition
Transferrin is a protein that transfers (trans) iron (Fe) to be recycled
Transferrin's job is to regulate iron absorption |
|
|
Term
| Increased transferrin indicates... |
|
Definition
| iron deficiency, pregnancy, and estrogen therapy |
|
|
Term
| Decreased transferrin indicates... |
|
Definition
| iron overload, protein malnutrition, and renal disease |
|
|
Term
| To get a total lymphocyte count, what lab should you draw? What is the significance of this lab? |
|
Definition
| CBC- give you an idea of how the clients immune system is doing |
|
|
Term
| What is lymphocytosis? Lymphocytopenia? |
|
Definition
Lymphocytosis- excess lymph cells in the blood stream
Lymphocytopenia- lack of lymph cells in the blood stream |
|
|
Term
| Are all WBC protein based? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of hemoglobin and what is polycythemia vera? |
|
Definition
Hemoglobin carries iron and oxygen and returns CO2 to the lungs.
Polycythemia vera- increased hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
| What mineral is needed to make hemoglobin? Where can you get it? Where is it stored? |
|
Definition
| Iron, meats (the bloodier the better, especially organ meats), stored in liver |
|
|
Term
| Although we consume a lot of meats (most of us), where do we get most of our iron? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is BUN? What is it a waste product of? How is it filtered out? |
|
Definition
| Blood urea nitrogen, waste product of protein breakdown, kidneys filter it out |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that will elevate a BUN? |
|
Definition
| dehydration, high protein diets, and starvation |
|
|
Term
| Your clients BUN is very low. What might be the reason? |
|
Definition
| inadequate protein intake, excess fluid intake, low muscle mass |
|
|
Term
| When protein is broken down, what is the waste product? What is it called when your protein excretion is more than your protein intake? |
|
Definition
Nitrogen is the waste product.
When you do not consume as much protein as you are breaking down you can have a negative nitrogen balance |
|
|
Term
| What is the end product of muscle breakdown? What happens to this end product? |
|
Definition
| Creatinine; excreted by kidneys |
|
|
Term
| If your creatinine levels are increased, what may be a cause? What if they are decreased? |
|
Definition
Increased creatinine: renal failure
Decreased creatinine: starvation, severe malnutrition |
|
|
Term
| Cholesterol is ingested and synthesized in the liver from dietary fats. Increased levels of cholesterol are due to_________ or ________. |
|
Definition
| increased fat intake or muscle breakdown |
|
|
Term
| Decreased cholesterol levels can be caused by.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can we get nitrogen? |
|
Definition
Nitrogen is found in foods high in protein and calories
meats, poultry, eggs, fish, mik, yogurt, cheese, legumes, grains |
|
|
Term
| What is a positive nitrogen balance? |
|
Definition
| Occurs when the intake of nitrogen is > than its excretion = tissue growth and formation |
|
|
Term
| What is a negative nitrogen balance? Is this a good thing? |
|
Definition
Occurs when nitrogen is excreted more than it is taken in = indicates wasting or destruction of tissue
As Jackie would say "that's not good" |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that affect your BMR? |
|
Definition
- wound healing
- illness
- dyspnea
- fever (BMR goes up 10% per degree)
- inflammation
- medications
- stress
- neuro endocrine alterations
- environmental temperatures
|
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of the BMR as related to eating? |
|
Definition
| BMR= how much you should eat or not eat in order to maintain body weight |
|
|
Term
Who has more taste buds? Baby or Grandpa? |
|
Definition
| Baby. Your taste buds decrease with age so the baby has the most taste buds |
|
|
Term
| What are some diagnostic tests you can run to get a better idea of your clients nutritional status? |
|
Definition
- Serum Albumin
- PAB
- Transferrin
- Total Lymphocyte Count (CBC)
- Hemoglobin
- Iron
- BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
- Creatinine
- Cholesterol
- Nitrogen Balance
|
|
|
