Term
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Definition
| Deficiency= Pellagra (Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death) Food Sources: Tuna, Roasted chicken, peanuts. Function: Coenzyme of energy metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| Deficiency= Beriberi (nervous tingling, edema, poor coordination, heart changes, weakness. Food source: pork chops, canned lean ham. Function: Coenzyme in glucose metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| Deficiency: Goiter (enlarged thyroid gland) Food: Salt, cod Function: Regulates thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree to which an ingested nutrient is absorbed and available to the body |
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Term
| B Vitamins in Energy Metabolism |
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Definition
| Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothentic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin B6 |
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Term
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Definition
| Coenzyme of energy metabolism. Food: Steamed oysters, multigrain cheerios |
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Term
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Definition
| Compound needed in small amounts in order to regulate and support chemical reactions in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Element used to promote chemical reactions and form body structures |
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Term
| Vitamin A (Fat Soluble, UL Level) |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin D (Fat Soluble, UL Level) |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin E (Fat Soluble, UL Level) |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin K (Fat Soluble, UL Level) |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin B6 (Fat Soluble, UL Level) |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin B12 (Fat Soluble, UL Level) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| More than 100 mg, sodium, calcium, poatssium |
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Term
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Definition
| Under 100mg, iron, copper, zinc, manganese |
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Term
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Definition
| Coenzyme in chemical reaction. Food: Cornflakes, power bar |
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Term
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Definition
| Coenzyme in chemical metabolism. Food: Smooth peanut butter, lamb liver |
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Term
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Definition
| Coenzyme in lipid carb and protein metabolism. Food: Baked Salmon, baked potatoes |
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Term
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Definition
| Cofactor in energy metabolism, aids in insulin function. Meat, whole grains. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cofactor in energy metabolism, Nuts, rice, oats. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involved in amino acid metabolism. Food: Milk, dairy, beans, nuts. |
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Term
| Stomach (Digestive System) |
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Definition
| Almost no absorption (except alcohol), large sac, very acidic, then goes to small intestine. |
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Term
| Small intestine (Digestive System) |
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Definition
| Digestion and absorption occurs enzymes break down, carbs, proteins, fats, prep vitamins and minerals |
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Term
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Definition
| In small intestine, constant moving, traps food |
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Term
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Definition
| Most nutrients go from intestinal walls through the portal vein to liver and into blood stream. Glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Aids in fat absorption, only fat goes through lymphatic |
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Term
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Definition
| B6 and B12 are retained in liver, fat soluble vitamins can cause toxicity and UL |
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Term
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Definition
| When nutrients are much higher than the cell that goes through membrane (fats, water) |
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Term
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Definition
| Needs protein to carry it through (Fructose) |
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Term
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Definition
| Needs carrier protein & energy (glucose and amino acids) |
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Term
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Definition
| Physiological drive to eat |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychological drive to eat |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Strengthens bone health, prevents dental caries, Sources: Water. Deficiency: Dental decay ( caries ) or osteoporosis |
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Term
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Definition
| 40% of minerals in body, bone growth, development and maintenance, provides rigity to bones Food Sources: Milk, yogurt, cheese. Absorption: Increased by PTH hormone, and vitamin D. Decreased: Phytic acid and oxalates, tannins, feces, age. Deficiency: Osteoporosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Critical component of bone and teeth. 85% of P in body is found as a component of hydroxyapatite (contributes to bone and teeth structure) Food: Bran, seeds, cheese. Absorption: Enhanced by presence of vitamin D, absorbed well by body. Deficiency: weak bones/teeth, sore joints, less energy, lack of appetite |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintain calcium and phosphorus in blood. Food: Tuna, margarine, cod liver oil, salmon. Deficiency: Cancer, athsma, cardiovascular disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide ridgity to bones. Food: wheat bran, almonds, spinach. Deficiency: Hyperexcitability, dizziness, fatigue, muscle cramps |
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Term
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Definition
| Found inside the cell, 63% of body fluid, Ions (potassium, phosphate) |
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Term
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Definition
| Water outside the cell, Plasma (blood) --> lymph = 7%, fluid between cells= 30%, ions (sodium chloride) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydration, thirst means dehydration, Inputs: Water, food metabolism Outputs: persperation, lung respiration, urine, feces. Distribution of nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| Entire network of chemical processes: release energy from food, synthesis, prepare waste products. Mitochondria is powerhouse of cell--> converts food to energy it can use |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| females lower than men, age 30+ bone loss, Ethnicity: Asians/Whites---> Blacks, smaller frame smaller bone mass |
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Term
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Definition
| Low bone mineral density, leads to porous and fragile bones |
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Term
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Definition
| Compact or dense bone found on outere surfaces of bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Less dense, more open structurem found in inner layer of bones |
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Term
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Definition
| Degradation and synthesis of bone. Osteoclasts: breakdown of bone. Osteoblasts: synthesis of new bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Passage of water from a low electrolyte concentration --> to an area of high concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of negatively charged electron. LEO (Loss of Electron-Osmosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Gain of a negatively charged electron. GER (Gain or Electron. Reduction) |
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Term
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Definition
| Inside cell, water flows in, cell burst |
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Term
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Definition
| Outside cell, water flows out, cell shrinks |
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Term
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Definition
| A D E K (Can't excrete from body) |
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Term
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Definition
| C Folate Niacin Choline B6--> B12 (Stored in Liver, excreted in urine) |
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Term
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Definition
| High nutrients, low calories. Comparison of protein, vitamin, and mineral content w/ # of calories |
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Term
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Definition
| Calories:weight of food, comparison of calorie count w/ weight of the food. |
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Term
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Definition
| Defense against free radicals and causes deterieration of food products. Vitamins E C A Selenium Phytochemicals |
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Term
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Definition
| Recommended Dietary Allowance. Quantity of a particular nutrient that should be consumed daily to maintain good health. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adequate Intake. Nutrient intake amount set for any nutrient for which insufficient research is available |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper Limit. Maximum chronic intake level of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects in almost all people in a specific life stage |
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Term
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Definition
| 2011, components: 1/2 fruits and veggies, 1/4 whole grain, 1/4 lean protein, cup o dairy. |
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Term
| Sodium (Electrolyte Mineral) |
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Definition
| Recommend 2400 mg. Helps absorption, adds flavor, maintains nerve balance helps nerve conduction. Food: Packaged/processed foods, whole grains. Reduce by eating whole grains, meats w/o sauce, eat processed foods. |
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Term
| Potassium (Electrolyte Mineral) |
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Definition
| Water balance, nerve impulse transmission, principal (+) charged intracellular ion, lower blood pressure |
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Term
| Chloride (Electrolyte Mineral) |
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Definition
| Primary (-) charged ion in extracellular fluid, component of stomach acid, immune function and nerve function |
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Term
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Definition
| the building block for proteins containing a central carbon atom with nitrogen and other atoms attached |
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Term
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Definition
| Major source of calories, dietary fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| Fats/oils. Energy yielding--> 9kcal, don't dissolve in water. Animal fats solid, plant fats liquid. |
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Term
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Definition
| 4kcal, structural material, amino acids, americans consume too much of |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide calories, for growth/development/maintenance, regulate body process |
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Term
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Definition
| Steals electron from adjacent molecule --> free radical chemically reactive, instability. Environmental intake: Excessive sunlight, toxic chemicals, air and water pollution. Linked to: cancer, diabetes, arthritis |
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Term
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Definition
| Science that links foods to health and disease. Includes process by which human organism |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of hemoglobin in red blood cell. Heme=Meat NonHeme=Fruits and veggies |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood clotting, important for infants, injectiosn at birth. Food: leafy greens, broccoli |
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Term
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Definition
| Component of blood, iron metabolism, blood clotting. Food: oysters, nuts, seeds. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Storage release and function of insulin, protein metabolism, wound, growth healing, Food: liver, peanuts, crab |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintains myelin sheathe--> insulates neurons from each other. MEAT |
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